AP US History: Review Packet MCQs

All of the following actions taken by the Jefferson administration directly contradicted his desire for an agrarian nation with a limited government except

b. Purchasing the Louisiana Territory from France

Reagan's economic policies represented a significant departure from all of the following developments in the previous century except

b. Return to Normalcy

Which of the following was a direct response to the actions taken in the excerpt?

b. Some colonists formed armed groups to protect their frontier lands against Native American attacks

Prior to the Treaty of Tordesillas, ownership of territory in the New World was affirmed primarily through what authority?

b. The Catholic Church and Pope

Social reform efforts consistent with the ideas expressed in the excerpt were most common in which of the following regions?

b. The North

Compared to Shays' Rebellion, which of the following events best illuminated the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

b. The Whiskey Rebellion

Which of the following was the primary cause for the development depicted in the painting?

a. A desire for economic opportunity through settlement and access to new resources

Which of the following groups would most likely disagree with the poster?

a. Conservative Republicans

The author of the excerpt draws a direct comparison between the mistreatment of women in the 19th Century and

b. The burden of Parliamentary legislation on colonists leading to the American Revolution

The changes depicted in the maps were primarily caused by which of the following?

b. The debate over the extension of slavery into western territories

Which of the following factors best explains the alliance between the Spanish and Huejotzingo people? Our lord sovereign, king don Felipe* our lord, with our words we appear and stand before you, we of Huejotzingo* who guard for you your city . . . very humbly we implore you: Oh unfortunate are we, very great and heavy sadness and affliction lie upon us, nowhere do your pity and compassion extend over us and reach us, we do not deserve, we do not attain your rulership. And all the while since your subjects the Spaniards arrived among us, . . . we have been confidently expecting that sometime your pity would reach us, . . . and as to the time when you pity someone, when before you appears a vassal of yours in poverty, so it is said, then you have pity on him with your very revered majesty, and by the grace of omnipotent God you do it for him. Therefore now, in and through God, may you hear these our words, . . . so that you will exercise on us your rulership to console us and aid us in this trouble with which daily we weep and are sad. We are afflicted and sore pressed, and your town and city of Huejotzingo is as if it is about to disappear and be destroyed. Here is what is being done to us: now your stewards the royal officials and the prosecuting attorney Dr. Maldonado are assessing us a very great tribute to belong to you. The tribute we are to give is 14,800 pesos in money, and also all the bushels of maize. *King Phillip II of Spain *indigenous Mexican group who allied with conquistador Hernán Cortés in 1521 Source: Council of Huejotzingo, Letter to the King of Spain, 1560

a. Dominant American empires threatened smaller groups with war, slavery, and tribute prior to European conquest

Which of the following developments occurred during the early to mid-18th Century in response to increased political and economic influence from Parliament?

a. Emerging sense of an independent, national identity

Which of the following developments allowed the situation depicted in the cartoon to expand significantly in the early 2000s?

a. Increased public access to the internet

Which of the following best describes the goals of authors and journalists like Upton Sinclair?

a. Make the public and lawmakers aware of corruption and inequality in the United States

The ideas expressed in the excerpt best represent a continuation of which of the following 19th Century developments? . . . American development has exhibited not merely advance along a single line, but a return to primitive conditions on a continually advancing frontier line, and a new development for that area. American social development has been continually beginning over again on the frontier. This perennial rebirth, this fluidity of American life, this expansion westward with its new opportunities, its continuous touch with the simplicity of primitive society, furnish the forces dominating American character. The true point of view in the history of this nation is not the Atlantic coast, it is the Great West. Source: Frederick Jackson Turner, historian, "The Significance of the Frontier in American History," 1893

a. Manifest Destiny

Which of the following people or groups would most disagree with the ideas expressed in the last paragraph of the excerpt?

a. Pentagon officials

The Articles of Confederation congress is attributed with all of the following accomplishments except

a. Promoting the colonial economy, allowing production to surpass that of Britain

The ideas expressed in the excerpt most strongly influenced which development in the late 18th Century? Among the numerous advantages promised by a well-constructed union, none deserves to be more accurately developed than its tendency to break and control the violence of faction . . . a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of the other citizens . . . There are two methods of curing the mischiefs of faction: the one, by removing its causes; the other, by controlling its effects. . . . The two great points of difference between a democracy and a republic are: first, the delegation of the government, in the latter, to a small number of citizens elected by the rest; secondly, the greater number of citizens, and greater sphere of country, over which the latter may be extended. . . therefore, we behold a republican remedy for the diseases most incident to republican government. Source: James Madison, Federalist No. 10, 1787

a. Ratification of the US Constitution

The goals described in the excerpts led to all of the following developments except

a. Religious freedom in all English colonies

Which of the following was a direct effect of the changes depicted in the maps?

a. Sectional tensions eroded political loyalties, ending the Second Party System

Which of the following developments most directly led to the ideas expressed in the excerpt? If I say I want peace, then you say, "You should put down your gun". But hasn't it occurred to you by now after 400 years of being brutalized and murdered and lynched and maimed by guns and force on the part of racists and the racist power structure in this country; it's damn near time we picked up the gun to try to begin to get some peace, to defend ourselves and our community from racist attacks by the pigs, to defend ourselves against racist attacks by . . . what have you? . . . So you see organized black brothers here, ready to do what they have to do to defend themselves against all forms of racists attacks and this is where it's going. This is political. Power comes out of a barrel of a gun and if you don't believe it you're jiving.* You see that power structure up there? Where [does] their power come from? *willfully ignorant Source: Bobby Seale, co-founder of the Black Panther Party, speech, April 1968

a. Slow progress of the civil rights movement

Which of the following was a major contrast between the English North American colonies described in the excerpts and those of the French?

a. The English colonies had more diverse economic interests than the French.

The painting represents a continuation of which of the following developments in the first half of the 19th Century?

c. American System

Which of the following was a direct effect of the trend in immigration in the early 19th century?

c. An increase in sectional tensions

The conditions to which the "rebels" above were responding were most similar to which of the following? "In monarchies, mercy to rebels may be the highest magnanimity—In republics, it assumes a different character, and becomes a weakness. Insurrection in a monarchy [affects] the extremities and limbs. In a republic, the disease is in the head; the disease therefore, must not only be removed, but the seeds of it rooted out for one or two returns may bring on a political dissolution. And it is not enough to hang two or three to terrify the rest—many must be cut off, because it is dangerous to society that they should live. . . Pardon ought, I think, to be granted upon these conditions and disqualifications. . . That the pardon be available to them, but upon condition that they keep the peace, and are of good behaviour, for a certain number of years. That the petitioner be ineligible to any office or to vote for others for a certain number of years. How absurd is it, that the very men, whom you have this day declared rebels, shall on the morrow, merely from the circumstance of defeat, have a right to appoint magistrates, and constitute a part of the supreme authority? . . . Last Monday evening was committed to [jail] in this town, a John Wheeler, of Hardwick, who has acted in the capacity of an aid to Capt. Shays*—Nine others were also committed the same evening. Yesterday was brought to this town and committed to [jail], a Capt. Clark, of Colrain. *Daniel Shays led a widespread uprising in western Massachusetts in opposition to high taxes and stringent economic conditions Source: Letter to a Massachusetts militia officer, discussing the treatment of those arrested for involvement in Shays' Rebellion, 1787

a. The Stamp Act

Which of the following factors best explains Marshall's concerns in Europe?

a. The United States wanted to prevent Soviet influence in struggling countries

Which of the following developments in the early and mid-19th Century best reflects the concerns expressed in the excerpt?

a. The abolitionist movement's calls for ending slavery

Which of the following developments most significantly contributed to the circumstances described in the excerpt above?

a. The expansion of laissez-faire policies

Which of the following developments in the late 20th Century and early 21st Century best represent the author's reference to a new "rearranged" world order?

a. The increase in U.S.-led military interventions throughout the globe

Which of the following most directly contradicts the ideas expressed in the excerpt?

a. The passage of the 13th and 14th Amendments

Turner's mention of "the forces dominating American character" most likely refers to which of the following?

a. The self-sufficient and individualistic nature of the American pioneer

Which of the following groups would most likely agree with the ideas expressed in the excerpt?

a. Transcendentalists

The reference to "imported pauperized labor" most likely refers to the influence of which historical development in the late 19th Century? We meet in the midst of a nation brought to the verge of moral, political, and material ruin. Corruption dominates the ballot-box, the Legislatures, the Congress, and touches even the ermine of the bench*. The newspapers are largely subsidized or muzzled, public opinion silenced, business prostrated, homes covered with mortgages, labor impoverished, and the land concentrating in the hands of capitalists. The urban workmen are denied the right to organize for self-protection, imported pauperized labor beats down their wages, a hirelings standing army, unrecognized by laws, is established to shoot them down, and they are rapidly degenerating into European conditions. . . From the same prolific womb of governmental injustice we breed the two great classes—tramps and millionaires. *figurative reference to the Supreme Court Source: Proceedings of the Supreme Council of the National Farmers' Alliance and Industrial Union, 1890

a. Workforce competition created by an influx of largely poor, uneducated immigrants

The advertisement most directly reflects the

a. post-war economic growth and consumerism

The excerpt would be most useful to historians as a source of information about which of the following? Because divine providence has ordered in this world that for the direction and common utility of the human lineage the world be constituted by Kingdoms and peoples, with their kings like fathers and shepherds . . . and therefore the most noble and generous members of the republics, . . . And if any wrongs, failings, defects, or evils should be suffered in those kingdoms, the only reason for that is that the kings have no notice of them. The Spaniards, who no sooner had knowledge of these people than they became like fierce wolves and tigers and lions who have gone many days without food or nourishment . . . and still today see fit to do, but dismember, slay, perturb, afflict, torment, and destroy the Indians by all manner of cruelty . . . and they do this to such a degree that on the Island of Hispaniola*, of the above three millions souls that we once saw, today there be no more than two hundred of those native people remaining. Two principal and general customs have been employed by those, calling themselves Christians, who have passed this way, in extirpating and striking from the face of the earth those suffering nations. The first being unjust, cruel, bloody, and tyrannical warfare. The other after having slain all those who might yearn toward or suspire after or think of freedom, or consider escaping from the torments that they are made to suffer, by which I mean all the native-born lords and adult males, for it is the Spaniards' custom in their wars to allow only young boys and females to live being to oppress them with the hardest, harshest, and most heinous bondage to which men or beasts might ever be bound into. . . . *present-day Haiti and Dominican Republic Source: Bartolomé de las Casas, Roman Catholic priest, A Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies, 1552

a. the wide range of European perspectives toward Native Americans

The ideas expressed in the excerpt most directly challenged the prevailing ideal in the early nineteenth century that There are few things which present greater obstacles to the improvement and elevation of woman to her appropriate sphere of usefulness and duty, than the laws which have been enacted to destroy her independence and crush here individuality; laws which, although they are framed for her government, she has had no voice in establishing, to which rob her of some of her essential rights. . . . [I]f not actually so in representative governments, she is only counted . . . to swell the numbers of law-makers who form decrees for her government, with little reference to her benefit, except so far as her good may promote their own. And farther, all the avails of her labor are absolutely in the power of her husband. All that she acquires by her industry is his; so that she cannot, with her own honest earnings, become the legal purchaser of any property. And this taxation, without representation, . . . a grievance so heavy, that it was thought necessary to purchase exemption from it at an immense expense of blood and treasure . . . Source: Sarah Grimké, Letters on the Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Woman, 1837

a. women should pride themselves solely on their work in the home

Which of the following directly prompted King George II and the British government to make this proclamation? And we do further strictly enjoin and require all persons whatever, who have either wilfully or inadvertently seated themselves upon any lands within the countries above described*, or upon any other lands, which, not having been ceded to, or purchased by us, are still reserved to the said Indians as aforesaid, forthwith to remove themselves from such settlements . . . and we do hereby authorize, enjoin, and require the governors and commanders in chief of all our colonies respectively . . . to grant such licenses without fee or reward, taking especial care to insert therein a condition, that such license shall be void, and the security forfeited, in case the person, to whom the same is granted, shall refuse or neglect to observe such regulations as we shall think proper to prescribe as aforesaid. *lands immediately west of the Appalachian Mountains Source: King George III, Proclamation of 1763

b. British victory in the Seven Years' War and acquisition of new territory

Which of the following best describes the impact of Parliamentary legislation on colonial economies during the 17th and early 18th Centuries? There shall be raised, levied, collected and paid, unto and for the use of his Majesty . . ., upon all rum or spirits of the produce or manufacture of any of the colonies or plantations in America, not in the possession or under the dominion of his Majesty . . ., which at any time or times within or during the continuance of this act, shall be imported or brought into any of the colonies or plantations in America, which now are or hereafter may be in the possession or under the dominion of his Majesty . . ., the sum of nine pence*, money of Great Britain, . . . for every gallon** thereof, and after that rate for any greater or lesser quantity: and upon all molasses or syrups of such foreign produce or manufacture as aforesaid, which shall be imported or brought into any of the said colonies or plantations . . ., the sum of six pence* of like money for every gallon thereof . . . *British bronze coin equal to one hundredth of a pound *large European sailing ship used for war and commerce Molasses Act, law passed by the British Parliament in 1733

b. Colonial economies developed relatively unrestrained as laws were often unenforced

The territorial disputes such as the one depicted in the map directly contributed to which of the following developments?

b. Colonial wars, such as The Seven Years' War

Which of the following best represents the conditions to which the poster was responding to?

b. Economic crisis due to market instability and bank failures

Which of the following was an effect of westward expansion?

b. Expanded diplomatic and economic ties between the United States and Asia

The trend depicted in the maps above resulted most directly from which of the following factors?

b. Government subsidies for transportation and communication systems

The second excerpt most significantly influenced migration to which of the following regions? 16. The great broad rivers of that main[land]* that we are to enter into, so many leagues navigable or portable into the mainland, lying so long a tract with so excellent and so fertile a soil on both sides, do seem to promise all things that the life of man doth require and whatsoever men may wish that are to plant upon the same or to traffic in the same . . . 19. If we find the country populous and desirous to expel us and injuriously to offend us, that seek but just and lawful traffic, then, by reason that we are lords of navigation and they not so, we are the better able to defend ourselves by reason of those great rivers and to annoy them in many places. *North America Richard Hakluyt, English lawyer, 1585 ----- 8. If any such who are known to be godly, and live in wealth and prosperity here*, shall forsake all this to join themselves to this church, and to run a hazard with them of a hard and mean condition, it will be an example to great use both for removing scandal of worldly and sinister respects which is cast upon the adventurers, to give more life to the faith of God's people in their prayers for the plantation*, and to encourage others to join the more willingly in it. *England *new colony in North America John Winthrop, English colonial governor, 1629

b. New England

Which of the following developments in the second half of the 19th Century most contradicted the goals of the so-called "New South"? The old South rested everything on slavery and agriculture, unconscious that these could neither give nor maintain healthy growth. The new South presents a perfect democracy, the oligarchs leading in the popular movement; a social system compact and closely knitted, less splendid on the surface, but stronger at the core; a hundred farms for every plantation, fifty homes for every palace; and a diversified industry that meets the complex needs of this complex age. . . . As she stands upright, full-statured and equal among the people of the earth, breathing the keen air and looking out upon the expanded horizon, she understands that her emancipation came because, through the inscrutable wisdom of God, her honest purpose was crossed and her brave armies were beaten. Source: Atlanta newspaperman Henry Grady, speech to the New England Society in New York City, 1886.

b. The reliance on sharecropping as a social and economic system

All of the following significantly contributed to the expanded role of the United States in the world after World War II except The end of World War II left the United States in a position to assume unilaterally a stance of "free world leadership". . . The extension of power and influence of the United States in Europe was only blocked by the power of the USSR at the direct line of contact. . . In the Near East, effectuation of the Truman Doctrine is said to have thwarted Communist subversion and infiltration. In the Middle East, Soviet occupation of part of Iran was abandoned through a combination of factors . . . In the Far East, . . . the only major obstacle lay in China. In Vietnam the United States again faced the problem of making a fateful choice from available alternatives. . . The United States determined to pursue . . . military intervention on a major scale to assist [South Vietnam] and to destroy the Vietcong and their supporters. In conclusion, in this age of multirevolutions, the United States—"a nation conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal"—should preach and practice the blessings of the liberty at home and abroad, and should respect and honor the principle of "sovereign equality," that all nations are created equal. Source: Young Hum Kim, historian, 1968

b. an American desire to bolster leftist movements around the world

The most significant effect of the situation depicted in the cartoon was

b. concerns over the protection of civil liberties and human rights.

All the following were effects of the development described in the excerpt except

b. enduring support for foreign independence movements

The Spanish demand for maize from the Huejotzingo as tribute best serves as evidence of which of the following developments in the 15th-16th Centuries?

b. growing European populations

Which of the following did not represent a challenge to the ideas expressed in the cartoon?

b. horizontal integration

Which of the following groups was Las Casas trying to influence with this excerpt?

b. the Spanish monarchs

The ideas expressed in the advertisement eventually led to

b. the challenging of traditional gender roles and rise in feminism

The trend shown in the graph significantly contributed to all of the following except

b.An eventual decline in immigration to the colonies due to lack of available land

Which of the following developments most contributed to the conditions described in the excerpt? . . . after all the hard work a man did, he was paid for only part of it. Jurgis had once been among those who scoffed at the idea of these [businesses] cheating; and so now he could appreciate the bitter irony of the fact that it was precisely their size which enabled them to do it with impunity. One of the rules on the killing beds* was that a man who was one minute late was docked an hour. . . . And on the other hand if he came ahead of time he got no pay for that—though often 2 of the bosses would start up the gang ten or fifteen minutes before the whistle. And this same custom they carried over to the end of the day; they did not pay for any fraction of an hour—for "broken time." A man might work a full fifty minutes, but if there was no work to fill out the hour, there was no pay for him . . . *meatpacking plants where animals were butchered Source: Upton Sinclair, author, The Jungle, 1906

c. An influx of largely poor and unskilled immigrants

Which of the following people would most agree with the view expressed in the excerpt? We never had an interior trade of any importance. During this time we have manufactured within our families the most necessary articles of clothing . . . very coarse, unsightly, and unpleasant: and such is our attachment to agriculture and such our preference for foreign manufactures, that be it wise or unwise, our people will certainly return as they can, to the raising [of] raw materials, and exchanging them for finer manufacturers than they are able to execute themselves . . . While we have land to labor, let us never wish to see our citizens occupied at a work-bench , or twirling a distaff*. Carpenters, masons, smiths, are wanting in husbandry*; but, for the general operations in manufacture, let our work-shops remain in Europe. *tool used for spinning fibers into yarn for the manufacture of textiles *agriculture Source: Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia, 1781

c. Andrew Jackson

Which of the following approaches to racial inequality is best reflected by the ideas expressed in the excerpt?

c. Black Power

Shays' Rebellion, and other examples of civil unrest, primarily led to which of the following?

c. Calls for a stronger, more centralized government

Which of the following was not an effect of the trend depicted in the maps above?

c. Increased contributions by immigrant labor led to a sharp decline in nativism

Which of the following groups would have been most likely to agree with the system of government described in the excerpt?

c. Patriots

Which presidential administration is considered most responsible for the end of the Cold War?

c. Ronald Reagan

All of the following groups could be considered "factions," as described by Madison, except

c. Slaves and Native Americans

Which of the following people or groups would have most strongly opposed the ideas expressed in the excerpt above?

c. Social Darwinists

Which of the following groups would most likely agree with the ideas expressed in the excerpt?

c. Southern landowners

The ideas expressed in the excerpt were intended to address which of the following developments? It's been nearly 6 months since I first reported to you on the state of the nation's economy. . . I remember telling you we were in the worst economic mess since the Great Depression. In that earlier broadcast, you'll recall I proposed a program to drastically cut back government spending in the 1982 budget . . . and to continue cutting in the '83 and '84 budgets. Along with this I suggested an across-the-board tax cut . . . and the elimination of unnecessary regulations which were adding billions to the cost of things we buy. In a few days the Congress will stand at the fork of two roads. One road . . . leads ultimately to higher taxes . . . The other road promises to renew the American spirit. It's a road of hope and opportunity. It places the direction of your life back in your hands where it belongs. In these 6 months, we've done so much and have come so far. It's been the power of millions of people like you who have determined that we will make America great again. You have made the difference up to now. You will make the difference again. Let us not stop now. Source: President Ronald Reagan, Address on Federal Tax Reduction Legislation, July 1981

c. Stagnant economic growth and rapidly rising prices for goods

In the 17th and 18th Century, the views expressed by Winthrop most directly contributed to

c. The Great Awakening.

The ideas expressed in the advertisement best represent a continuity of which of the following periods?

c. The Roaring Twenties

All of the following factors led to the end of the Cold War except The Cold War was many things to many people. It was the division of the world into two hostile camps. . . It was an ideological contest, some said between capitalism and communism, others said between democracy and authoritarianism. It was a competition for the allegiance of, and for influence over, the so-called Third World. . . The new world of the post-Cold War era is likely to have few, if any, of these characteristics: that is an indication of how much things have already changed since the Cold War ended. We are at one of those rare points of "punctuation" in history at which old patterns of stability have broken up and new ones have not yet emerged to take their place. . . We know that a series of geopolitical earthquakes has taken place, but it is not yet clear how these upheavals have rearranged the landscape that lies before us. . . . Source: John Lewis Gaddis, historian, "The Cold War, the Long Peace, and the Future," 1992

c. economic problems in Western Europe

According to the excerpt, Spanish treatment of the people of Huejotzingo indicates that colonial life in New Spain was affected by all of the following except

c. the Middle Passage.

Based on the observations of Las Casas, which of the following best describes the Spanish policy toward Native Americans and their land in the 16th Century?

c. the Spanish were entitled to free labor and the resources of colonized territory

The ideas expressed in the excerpt contributed to all of the following trends after the Civil War except

c. the election of former slaves into Congress

Which of the following would the author most strongly support?

c. women's suffrage

Which of the following groups was not significantly affected by the conditions described in the excerpt?

d. African Americans in the South

Which of the following was NOT a primary fear of the founding generation concerning the powers of a central government, as seen in the Articles of Confederation? ARTICLE I. The Stile of this confederacy shall be "The United States of America". ART. II. Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled. ART. III. The said states hereby severally enter into a firm league of friendship with each other, . . . binding themselves to assist each other, against all force offered to, or attacks made upon them, or any of them, on account of religion, sovereignty, trade, or any other pretense whatever. ART. IV. . . . no imposition, duties or restriction shall be laid by any state, on the property of the united states, or either of them. ART. V. . . . In determining questions in the united states in congress assembled, each state shall have one vote. Source: The Articles of Confederation, 1777

d. Allowing states to trade freely with one another

The maps reflect all of following political compromises except the

d. Compromise of 1877

The trends depicted in the image resulted most directly from which of the following factors?

d. Consumerist culture and the ability to pay on installment plans

Which of the following was the most significant cause for the trend shown in the graph?

d. Economic reliance by many English colonies on cash crops

Improved communication methods connecting the country contributed to all of the following except

d. Rapid decline of nativism and racism

Prior to 1754, laws like the Molasses Act were primarily intended to

d. Regulate maritime trade to protect goods and revenue from foreign influence

Which of the following best describes the result of the ideas expressed in the excerpt?

d. Resentment led to the "Lost Cause" when the South did not bounce back

Which of the following did not result from the debate over America's economic future in the excerpt?

d. Second Great Awakening

All of the following developments in the mid-19th Century reflect the ideas expressed in the excerpt above except About two years since leisure afforded opportunity and duty prompted me to visit several prisons and almshouses* in the vicinity of this metropolis. I found, near Boston, in the jails and asylums for the poor, a numerous class brought into unsuitable connection with criminals and the general mass of paupers. I refer to idiots and insane persons, dwelling in circumstances not only adverse to their own physical and moral improvement, but productive of extreme disadvantages to all other persons brought into association with them. . . I tell what I have seen -- painful and shocking as the details often are -- that from them you may feel more deeply the imperative obligation which lies upon you to prevent the possibility of a repetition or continuance of such outrages upon humanity. If I inflict pain upon you, and move you to horror, it is to acquaint you with sufferings which you have the power to alleviate, and make you hasten to the relief of the victims of legalized barbarity. *a house built originally by a charitable person or organization for poor people to live in Source: Dorothea Dix, Memorial To The Legislature of Massachusetts, 1843

d. Southern churches splitting with their abolitionist counterparts in the North

The ideas expressed in the excerpt are most consistent with which of the following?

d. The premise of slavery as a positive good in the pre-war period

The concerns expressed by Madison are directly reflected in which of the following?

d. Washington's Farewell Address

Which of the following groups would have most disagreed with the excerpt above?

d. Western farmers

Based on the ideas expressed in the excerpt, Marshall would most likely support

d. collective security organizations

Which of the following was not a motivating factor in the Increasing European exploration and colonization in the Americas throughout the 15th and 16th Centuries?

d. food shortages in Europe

The change depicted in the maps best explains the

d. growth of the national economy and increasing involvement in global trade

The actions depicted in the cartoon were primarily taken in response to

d. increased concerns for national security following the September 11 terrorist attacks.

In his speech Marshall had a goal of In considering the requirements for the rehabilitation of Europe, the physical loss of life, the visible destruction of cities, factories, mines and railroads was correctly estimated but it has become obvious during recent months that this visible destruction was probably less serious than the dislocation of the entire fabric of European economy. For the past 10 years, conditions have been highly abnormal. The feverish preparation for war and the more feverish maintenance of the war effort engulfed all aspects of national economies. Machinery has fallen into disrepair or is entirely obsolete. . . In many countries, confidence in the local currency has been severely shaken. The breakdown of the business structure of Europe during the war was complete. . . The remedy lies in breaking the vicious circle and restoring the confidence of the European people in the economic future of their own countries and of Europe as a whole. Source: General George C. Marshall, Secretary of State, speech at Harvard University, June 1947

d. providing economic and military aid abroad.

The cartoon most directly reflects

d. the increased political influence of corporations and special interests

Which of the following most significantly contributed to the drastic decline of Native American populations described in the excerpt?

d. the transmission of disease that Native Americans had no immunity to