AP WORLD 2.5-2.7 college board quiz

A historian researching the timeline of the spread of iron metallurgy in sub-Saharan Africa would find which of the following sources most useful? (A) Bantu-language oral histories transmitted through generations (B) Archaeological evidence of early forges and smelting operations (C) European travelers' accounts from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries describing African industrial practices (D) North African Muslim merchants' account books detailing purchases of iron tools

(B) Archaeological evidence of early forges and smelting operations

The author's portrayal of the activities shown in Image 2 was most directly informed by (A) aristocratic resentment of peasants (B) Christian religious ideals (C) royal concern about the growing wealth of merchants (D) aristocratic ideals of chivalry and valor

(B) Christian religious ideals

Which of the following most directly contributed to the decline of Eurasian urban populations during the fourteenth century? (A) Climate change (B) Epidemic disease (C) Religious wars (D) Regional migration

(B) Epidemic disease

Which of the following factors represents the most significant cause of the growth of cities in Afro-Eurasia in the period 1000-1450 ? (A) Climate change (B) Increased interregional trade (C) Decreased agricultural productivity (D) Increased invasions

(B) Increased interregional trade

Developments such as the one depicted in the painting most directly contributed to which of the following in Afro- Eurasia in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries? (A) Creation of diasporic merchant communities (B) Peasant revolts against taxation and coercive labor systems (C) An increase of religious tolerance (D) An expansion of Mongol power

(B) Peasant revolts against taxation and coercive labor systems

English nobles resisted peasant demands such as those described in the passage because agricultural labor in many parts of fourteenth-century Afro-Eurasia had become scarce as a result of which of the following developments? (A) The migration of peasants to cities in search of industrial employment (B) Significant increase in mortality due to the spread of epidemic diseases (C) The development of wage-based economies with the emergence of capitalism (D) Widespread famine resulting from rising global temperatures

(B) Significant increase in mortality due to the spread of epidemic diseases

The photograph above of a mosque (first erected in the fourteenth century) in the modern-day West African country of Mali best exemplifies which of the following historical processes? (A) Imposition of religion through military conquest (B) Spread of religion along trade routes (C) Abandonment of indigenous cultural styles in the face of colonization (D) Conflict between local and universalizing religions

(B) Spread of religion along trade routes

Developments such as the one depicted in the painting most directly contributed to which of the following? (A) The decline of patriarchy across Afro-Eurasia (B) The decline of many urban areas (C) A decrease in technological and scientific innovation (D) A decrease in military conflicts

(B) The decline of many urban areas

The mortality depicted in the image most directly contributed to which of the following changes in Europe in the late fourteenth and fifteenth centuries? (A) The end of feudalism (B) The decline of serfdom (C) The collapse of the Byzantine Empire (D) The Protestant Reformation

(B) The decline of serfdom

Which of the following was a significant effect of the Polynesian migrations in the Pacific in the period from 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E.? (A) The creation of an extensive trade network connecting Pacific islands to the Asian mainland (B) The transfer of domesticated plant and animal species to new islands in the Pacific (C) The development of distinctive Polynesian maritime technologies quickly adopted by Chinese and European explorers (D) The establishment of an ethnically unified Polynesian state spanning several island groups

(B) The transfer of domesticated plant and animal species to new islands in the Pacific

The trade networks described by the two sources were most strongly influenced by (A) increased Asian demand for food imports (B) increased European demand for luxury goods (C) increased Chinese maritime activity in the Indian Ocean (D) increased demand for precious metals within European colonies in the Americas

(B) increased European demand for luxury goods

The thirteenth-century map of Constantinople shown above indicates that the city (A) was located on an island (B) was highly fortified against outside attacks (C) tolerated many religions (D) looked down on trade and commerce (E) valued and rewarded people of all classes

(B) was highly fortified against outside attacks

The ideals of traditional Japanese education that the author praises in the passage are most closely aligned with the social ideals advocated by which of the following? (A) Buddhism (B) Christianity (C) Confucianism (D) Daoism

(C) Confucianism

Ibn Battuta's claim in the second paragraph that the ceremony that he observed at the court of the sultan of Sumatra was similar to a ceremony that he had seen at the court of the Delhi sultan in India is most likely understood in the context of which of the following developments in the Indian Ocean region in the period 1200-1450 ? (A) Expanding trade facilitated increased tolerance of the traditions of other religious groups. (B) Cultural exchange emerged from competition among maritime empires. (C) Increasing cross-cultural interactions facilitated the spread of cultural traditions. (D) Cultural exchange emerged from new patterns of regional commerce.

(C) Increasing cross-cultural interactions facilitated the spread of cultural traditions.

Which of the following lists three places Ibn Battuta, the fourteenth-century Muslim traveler, visited? (A) The Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, and Japan (B) The Arabian Peninsula, France, and India (C) India, Mali, and Persia (D) India, Persia, and Poland (E) England, Iraq, and Mali

(C) India, Mali, and Persia

The spread of which of the following religious traditions was most directly facilitated by trade along the routes shown on the map? (A) Christianity (B) Buddhism (C) Islam (D) Judaism

(C) Islam

Which of the following was most responsible for the initial spread of Islam to West Africa? (A) Soldiers who fought on behalf of the Abbasid caliphate (B) Officials in Sudanese empires (C) Merchants on the trans-Saharan trade routes (D) Muslims fleeing persecution on the Iberian peninsula

(C) Merchants on the trans-Saharan trade routes

The Little Ice Age, which lasted from 1300 to 1850 C.E., likely had the strongest effect on which of the following? (A) The fall of the Aztec civilization (B) The Protestant Reformation (C) The severity of the Black Death (D) The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople

(C) The severity of the Black Death

The maritime trade connections involving East Africa shown on Map 1 provided a setting for which of the following developments (A) The emergence of commercial credit through banks (B) The development of the compass (C) The spread of Islam (D) The appearance of social structures privileging men over women

(C) The spread of Islam

The scene depicted in the painting is best understood in the context of which of the following wider Afro-Eurasian developments? (A) The collapse of papal authority (B) The diffusion of artistic traditions (C) The spread of epidemic diseases (D) The revival of classical architecture

(C) The spread of epidemic diseases

Ibn Battuta traveled widely across the Middle East, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Africa in the fourteenth century. His travels serve as evidence for the (A) unifying influence of Islam (B) excellent condition of roads in Africa and Asia (C) political unity of Africa and Asia (D) widespread use of paper money

(A) unifying influence of Islam

The changes in the distribution of cities in the period 1200 to 1400 C.E. best support which of the following conclusions? (A)The Mongol conquests had a more disruptive impact on the Middle East and Central Asia than they had on East Asia. (B) The emergence of the Ottoman Empire significantly increased the percentage of major urban centers in Europe. (C) The adoption of Champa rice during the Song dynasty significantly increased the share of China's urban population. (D) The outbreaks of bubonic plague greatly reduced urban populations across Eurasia.

(A)The Mongol conquests had a more disruptive impact on the Middle East and Central Asia than they had on East Asia.

"In the year of our Lord 1315, hunger grew in the land. Entering the city we consider 'them that are consumed with famine' when we see the poor and needy, crushed with hunger, lying stiff and dead in the wards and streets." Johannes de Trokelowe, English monk, fourteenth century C.E. What mostly likely caused the famine described above? (A) The Little Ice Age (B) Desertification (C) The Crusades (D) Monsoon flooding

(A) The Little Ice Age

The outbreaks of plague described in the passage led most directly to which of the following? (A) The decline of many major cities across Eurasia (B) The conquest of Eurasia by Central Asian nomadic peoples (C) The Spanish and Portuguese voyages of exploration to find new trade routes to Asia (D) The increased development of mechanical labor-saving devices for industrial production

(A) The decline of many major cities across Eurasia

Which of the following best describes a way in which the table illustrates how the spread of rice cultivation contributed to changing the total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops in China, India, and the Middle East between 1200 and 1300 ? (A) The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined in China and the Middle East but rose in India. (B) The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined more substantially in India than it did in the Middle East and China. (C) The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined in all three regions. (D) The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops increased in every region except China.

(C) The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined in all three regions.

Which of the following best describes how the table illustrates the effect of the spread of the bubonic plague on the total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops in Europe and the Middle East between 1300 and 1400 ? (A) The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops did not change significantly in either region. (B) The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops decreased more substantially in the Middle East than in Europe. (C) The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined substantially in Europe and slightly in the Middle East. (D) The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops increased slightly in the Middle East and in Europe

(C) The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined substantially in Europe and slightly in the Middle East.

The commercial practices shown in the images emerged in order to (A) facilitate the development of regional trade networks by creating uniform currencies and systems of credit. (B) finance imperial conquests by supplying credit and currency for purchasing weapons. (C) facilitate a growing trade in luxury goods by providing greater access to credit and currency. (D) finance transnational Chinese artisan businesses across Eurasia by diversifying sources of credit and currency.

(C) facilitate a growing trade in luxury goods by providing greater access to credit and currency.

The policy toward minority religious groups described in Source 1 is most consistent with the policy toward minority religious groups in Islamic states in the period before 1450 because it (A) required certain minority religious groups to pay a poll tax (B) was often not strictly enforced by local officials (C) granted limited personal freedom and protection (D) allowed minority religious groups to use their traditional legal systems

(C) granted limited personal freedom and protection

The burial depicted in the image most likely resulted from the spread of which of the following? (A) Spanish influenza (B) Malaria (C) Smallpox (D) Bubonic plague

(D) Bubonic plague

Based on Ibn Battuta's description of the sultan of Sumatra in the first paragraph, his point of view could most likely be characterized as that of a (A) Sunni Muslim merchant who believes that commercial profits should be given greater consideration than religious purity (B) Sufi Muslim mystic who believes that Muslim rulers should encourage religious coexistence (C) Shi'a Muslim cleric who believes that false interpretations of Islam have corrupted the religion (D) Sunni Muslim jurist who believes that a Muslim ruler should patronize the religious elite and seek to expand Islam

(D) Sunni Muslim jurist who believes that a Muslim ruler should patronize the religious elite and seek to expand Islam

Which of the following best describes a way in which the table illustrates how an emphasis on wheat cultivation in Europe affected the total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops there compared with the rice-producing regions of China and India between 1200 and 1300 ? (A) The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops in Europe increased at the same rate that the total amount of land devoted to agricultural crops in China and India declined. (B) The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops in China, India, and Europe remained relatively stable. (C) The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined in all three regions. (D) The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops increased considerably in Europe and declined in China and India.

(D) The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops increased considerably in Europe and declined in China and India.

The purpose of Ibn Battuta's account was most likely to (A) glorify himself by exaggerating the influence he had obtained over local rulers in Southeast Asia (B) warn Muslim merchants that China was beginning to dominate commerce in the Indian Ocean (C) encourage fellow Muslims in North Africa to participate more in maritime commerce (D) inform his audience about the cultural, political, and economic characteristics of the places he visited

(D) inform his audience about the cultural, political, and economic characteristics of the places he visited