AP World History - Unit 4

During the seventeenth century, one of the reasons Africans participated in the Atlantic slave trade was: A) the demand for weapons among African elites B) the ambition of African leaders to gain a foothold in the Americas C) the desire of African leaders to dominate the Atlantic trade network D) bribery of African leaders by Caribbean plantation owners

NOT D (idk)

Which of the following best supports the conclusion that after 1450 C.E. interactions between the hemispheres created syncretic systems of religious belief? A) Northern Mexican peasants referred to the Christian saint Mary as Tonantzin, which was the name of a local deity. B) A Peruvian native wrote a letter to the king of Spain asking for his protection from Spanish diseases. C) Amerindian groups in the American Southwest converted to Catholicism after Spanish missionaries arrived. D) An eighteenth-century African American poet and slave remembered little of her native religion, despite having been born in Senegal.

NOT C (idk)

Which of the following represents a significant change in Africa between 1450 C.E. and 1750 C.E.? A) Most enslaved Africans were transported across the Atlantic instead of the Sahara. B) Bantu-speaking people spread iron metallurgy to East and Central Africa. C) Islam was introduced and widely adopted in North Africa. D) Europeans established settler colonies in East and Central Africa.

A) Most enslaved Africans were transported across the Atlantic instead of the Sahara.

Which of the following was an important continuity from the Ming dynasty to the Qing dynasty in the seventeenth century? A) The use of the examination system and other Confucian bureaucratic practices B) Financial support for maritime expeditions similar to those led by Zheng He C) The ongoing assimilation of Manchu cultural traditions by the imperial elite D) Maintenance of the Silk Roads to promote cultural exchanges with the Middle East

A) The use of the examination system and other Confucian bureaucratic practices

Which of the following accurately compares religious developments in India and China in the period 1450-1750 C.E.? A) Indigenous religions slowly disappeared in both China and India B) Chinese elites tended to practice a religion different from that of commoners, whereas Indian elites tended to practice the same religion as that of commoners C) Both India and China had growing Muslim populations D) Chinese religious traditions spread into India more than Indian religious traditions spread into China

B) Chinese elites tended to practice a religion different from that of commoners, whereas Indian elites tended to practice the same religion as that of commoners C) Both India and China had growing Muslim populations

Which of the following accurately describes the function of the mit'a system in the Inca Empire? A) To gain tribute in the form of prisoners of war for ritual sacrifice B) To compel Inca subjects to work on various state projects for a fixed term each year C) To raise a mercenary army to fight the Aztec Empire and Maya city-states D) To replace the nuclear family as the basic social unit of Inca society

B) To compel Inca subjects to work on various state projects for a fixed term each year

In the period 900 to 1500 C.E., the Ottomans and the Aztecs were similar in that both peoples were: A) politically unified by the adoption of a monotheistic religion B) nomadic groups that migrated to already settled regions and conquered them C) isolated from the major Eurasian trade routes D) able to dominate other societies with large horse-mounted armies

B) nomadic groups that migrated to already settled regions and conquered them

Which of the following was an important continuity in the global economy from 1500 C.E. to 1700 C.E.? A) Most goods were exchanged using overland trade routes. B) Muslim merchants controlled most major trade routes. C) Asian societies produced most of the world's manufactured goods. D) Reliance on coerced labor systems declined.

C) Asian societies produced most of the world's manufactured goods.

The photograph above of a sixteenth-century Mughal mosque in India built by Akbar is an example of which of the following? A) Expansion of coercive labor systems D) Cultural syncretism C) Emergence of capitalist economies D) Creation of a global trade network

D) Cultural syncretism

The Little Ice Age, which lasted from 1300 to 1850 C.E., likely had the strongest effect on which of the following? A) The fall of the Aztec civilization B) The Protestant Reformation C) The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople D) The severity of the Black Death

D) The severity of the Black Death

"The inhabitants of the New World were bearers of no serious new infection transferable to the European and African populations that intruded upon their territory . . . whereas the abrupt confrontation with the long array of infections that European and African populations had encountered piecemeal across some four thousand years of civilized history provoked massive demographic disaster among Amerindians." William McNeill, world historian, 1976 Which of the following best illustrates the argument described in the passage above? A) Some Amerindian societies prior to European contact had high population densities and large urban centers of comparable scale to those in Europe. B) Amerindians were killed in large numbers by diseases such as smallpox and measles. C) Spanish and Portuguese plantation owners imported large numbers of African slaves to work their fields. D) The Spanish system of forced labor in mines such as those in Potosí resulted in thousands of deaths among the Amerindian population.

B) Amerindians were killed in large numbers by diseases such as smallpox and measles.

Which of the following was a major change in transregional trade patterns from 1500 to 1700? A) European manufactured goods came to dominate trans-Saharan trade. B) Europeans created joint stock companies to engage in overseas trade. C) Japanese fleets gained control over most Pacific Ocean trade routes. D) Silk Road trade routes came under the control of Mongol rulers.

B) Europeans created joint stock companies to engage in overseas trade.

The map above illustrates which of the following? A) The most frequent destinations for African emigrants of the twentieth century B) Predominant areas of origin and destinations of African slaves in the fifteenth through nineteenth centuries C) Winds and water currents that affected trans-Atlantic and trans-Saharan trade D) Proportional flows of African agricultural commodities during the nineteenth century

B) Predominant areas of origin and destinations of African slaves in the fifteenth through nineteenth centuries

"It is most evident that kings, queens, and other princes . . . are ordained of God, are to be obeyed and honored by their subjects; that such subjects as are disobedient or rebellious against their princes, disobey God." An Homily Against Disobedience and Willful Rebellion, Church of England, 1570 What could most reasonably be concluded from the sermon above? A) The clergy generally appointed kings, queens, and princes. B) Rulers often used religious ideas and institutions to justify their rule. C) The clergy believed in the separation of church and state. D) Rulers were most often chosen from members of the clergy.

B) Rulers often used religious ideas and institutions to justify their rule.

The transfer of which of the following as part of the Columbian Exchange had the greatest effect on human migration patterns before 1800 ? A) Cattle B) Sugarcane C) Potatoes D) Tobacco

B) Sugarcane

"Seeing that it is a girl's destiny, on reaching womanhood, to go to a new home, and live in submission to her father-in-law and mother-in-law, it is even more incumbent upon her than it is on a boy to receive with all reverence her parents' instructions. Should her parents, through excess of tenderness, allow her to grow up self-willed, she will infallibly show herself capricious and thus alienate his affection." Kaibara Ekken, Japanese author, Greater Learning for Women, 1716 The excerpt above exemplifies the continued influence on eighteenth-century Japan of which of the following? A) The Buddhist encouragement of female spirituality B) The Confucian emphasis on filial submission C) The Christian tradition of children respecting their parents D) The Islamic practice of women appearing modestly in public

B) The Confucian emphasis on filial submission

Which of the following describes the most important cause of the demographic changes associated with the Columbian Exchange? A) Environmental degradation in Afro-Eurasia and the spread of Afro-Eurasian food crops to the Americas B) The introduction of New World food crops to Afro-Eurasia and the spread of epidemic diseases to the Americas C) European settlement in the Americas and the forced migration of Native Americans to Afro-Eurasia D) The spread of New World diseases to Afro-Eurasia and environmental damage in the Americas

B) The introduction of New World food crops to Afro-Eurasia and the spread of epidemic diseases to the Americas

the images below were created by indigenous artists and depict the first meeting between Moctezuma and HernanCortés, with Doña Marina as the interpreter. The images above best provide evidence of which of the following consequences of colonial expansion in the period 1450 to 1750 ? A) The restructuring of the family and the growth of the plantation economy B) The transfer of wealth to new elites and the development of new gender roles C) The spread of new food crops and the development of syncretic forms of religion D) The extension of regional trading networks and the consolidation of centralized power

B) The transfer of wealth to new elites and the development of new gender roles

Which of the following factors contributed most to Manchu expansion in Asia during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? A) The development of large trading companies B) The use of cannons and gunpowder C) The military alliances with western European states D) The adoption of Buddhist beliefs

B) The use of cannons and gunpowder

The agriculture and labor systems that the Portuguese developed on the Atlantic island of Madeira in the 1450s were implemented in which of the following places a century later? A) Nova Scotia for cod fishing B) Hawaii for pineapple cultivation C) Brazil for sugar production D) Falkland Islands for sheep herding

C) Brazil for sugar production

Which of the following societies engaged in extensive maritime trade well beyond their borders in the fifteenth century? A) Russians in the Pacific Ocean B) Mesoamericans in the Pacific Ocean C) Chinese in the Indian Ocean D) Bantu peoples in the Indian Ocean

C) Chinese in the Indian Ocean

"The state of monarchy is the supremest thing upon earth; for kings are not only God's lieutenants upon earth, and sit upon God's throne, but even by God himself are called gods. In the Scriptures kings are called gods, and so their power after a certain relation compared to the divine power." King James I, speech to Parliament, England, 1610 The passage above is best understood in the context of which of the following? A) The influence of Islamic political thought on Europe after the Crusades B) The differential treatment of Protestants and Catholics in England C) European monarchs' continued use of religion to legitimize political authority D) The establishment of theocracies throughout Eurasia

C) European monarchs' continued use of religion to legitimize political authority

Which of the following describes a major cause of the expansion of the Ottoman Empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries? A) The Ottoman Empire successfully pursued mercantilist economic policies. B) The decentralized federalism of the Ottoman Empire encouraged competition and technological innovation. C) Exploitation of artillery and small arms gave the Ottomans advantages over many of their political rivals. D) Ottoman citizens unified by their recent conversion to Islam were strongly motivated to conquer.

C) Exploitation of artillery and small arms gave the Ottomans advantages over many of their political rivals.

Which of the following processes contributed to the emergence of syncretic and new religions in both the Eastern and Western Hemispheres during the sixteenth century? A) Adoption of local religions by colonizers B) Rejection of indigenous traditions C) Increases in global interactions D) Resurgence of religious piety

C) Increases in global interactions

Which of the following statements is accurate about Mesoamerican culture during the period from 400 B.C.E. to 800 C.E.? A) Large draft animals were domesticated for use in farming. B) The practice of monotheistic religions was widespread. C) Monumental structures were built for rituals. D) Extensive trade networks with Andean civilizations were created.

C) Monumental structures were built for rituals.

A historian researching the trans-Atlantic slave trade in the period 1600-1800 would find which of the following sources most useful for determining patterns in the points of origin, the destinations, and the numbers of slaves involved in the trade? A) Census and tax records of European settlers in the Americas B) Legal regulations pertaining to enslaved and freed Africans in British colonies C) Records of the cargoes of Spanish and British ships in the trans-Atlantic trade D) Pamphlets published by antislavery societies

C) Records of the cargoes of Spanish and British ships in the trans-Atlantic trade

During the period 1450 to 1750, which of the following commodities was most responsible for transforming the global economy? A) Opium B) Tea C) Silver D) Salt

C) Silver

In the period 1450 to 1750, the intensification of connections between the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere had which of the following effects on religious practices? A) Christianity became more uniform as it spread through the Americas B) Buddhism spread widely in Africa C) Syncretic forms of religion such as Vodun developed D) Splits in Islam became less intense

C) Syncretic forms of religion such as Vodun developed

Which of the following accurately describes a significant difference between the Ottoman and Mughal Empires in the early seventeenth century? A) The Mughals practiced religious tolerance toward non-Muslim subjects, while the Ottomans did not. B) The Ottomans made Shia Islam the official state religion, while the Mughals made Buddhism the official state religion. C) The Ottomans ruled over people who were predominately Muslim, while the Mughals did not. D) The Mughals used gunpowder weapons to expand their territory, while the Ottomans did not.

C) The Ottomans ruled over people who were predominately Muslim, while the Mughals did not.

Which of the following would best support the assertion that hierarchies based on racial classification emerged after 1500 C.E. to maintain the authority of new elite groups in the Americas? A) The increasingly common use of European names in the Americas B) New maritime technology facilitating long-term voyages by Europeans C) The use of terms such as mestizo, mulatto, and creole D) The introduction of slavery to the Americas after the voyages of Columbus

C) The use of terms such as mestizo, mulatto, and creole

Which of the following was a major change in global patterns of religious beliefs and practices in the period 1450-1750 C.E.? A) Messianic, revivalist, and fundamentalist movements came to dominate the indigenous religious traditions in Africa, Asia, and the Americas in response to Western imperialism B) Intellectual movements such as the European Enlightenment weakened the authority of established religions and led to the growing popularity of atheism worldwide. C) The emergence of syncretic religions led to an increase in polytheism. D) Adherents of monotheistic religions such as Christianity and Islam increased both in number and in geographic scope as a result of conquest, trade, and missionary activities

D) Adherents of monotheistic religions such as Christianity and Islam increased both in number and in geographic scope as a result of conquest, trade, and missionary activities

Which of the following was a method rulers in Eurasia used to legitimize and consolidate their power during the period 1450 C.E. to 1750 C.E.? A) Enacting reforms to decrease economic and social inequalities B) Adopting the religious practices of minority groups C) Promoting free trade D) Developing professional militaries

D) Developing professional militaries

Which of the following would best support the conclusion that the Columbian Exchange involved more profound consequences than did earlier biological exchanges in world history? A) Previous exchanges did not involve societies at radically different levels of technological development. B) The Columbian Exchange involved the peaceful transfer of animals, plants, and diseases C) The Columbian Exchange was accompanied by the spread of missionary religions D) Previous exchanges did not involve the world's two hemispheres.

D) Previous exchanges did not involve the world's two hemispheres.

the images below were created by indigenous artists and depict the first meeting between Moctezuma and HernanCortés, with Doña Marina as the interpreter. What similar view of Doña Marina is portrayed in both images? A) She is portrayed as a collaborator with the Aztec elite B) She is portrayed as a victim. C) She is portrayed as a heroine. D) She is portrayed as an essential part of the negotiations.

D) She is portrayed as an essential part of the negotiations.

Historians consider the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries to be a time of great change in cultivation methods and in the physical landscape of Latin America. Which of the following pairings was most responsible for these changes? A) Horses and potatoes B) Terraces and cacao C) Encomiendas and corn D) Slave labor and sugar

D) Slave labor and sugar

Which of the following was a major motivation for European maritime expansion starting in the fifteenth century? A) The need for industrial resources B) The desire to spread democracy C) The need for suitable land to establish settler colonies D) The desire to trade directly with Africans and Asians

D) The desire to trade directly with Africans and Asians

Which is the most likely reason that rulers during the seventeenth century built elaborate palaces, such as the one at Versailles, France, shown above? A) To glorify and demonstrate the power of the official state religion B) To provide jobs for artists, architects, and builders C) To create fortresses as a defense against invading armies D) To demonstrate their wealth and power

D) To demonstrate their wealth and power

From 1400 to 1750, Eurasian rulers sponsored the arts primarily for which of the following reasons? A) To encourage tourism and pilgrimages B) To increase employment opportunities for struggling artists C) To spend excess money collected in taxes D) To display power and legitimize their rule

D) To display power and legitimize their rule