AP1 Integumentary System
The skin is responsible for forming
A precursor to the active form of vitamin D,After the skin, both the liver and kidneys are involved in making the active form of vitamin D.
Which of the following cell types can turn into other cell types?
Basal cells are stem cells from which other skin cells arise.
Functions of vitamin D include all of the following
Calcium absorption in the GI tract, Supporting metabolism of carbohydrates, Maintaining healthy bones.
Which of the following cell types are found in the epidermis?
Dendritic (Langerhan's) cell, Basal cell, Melanocyte, Keratinocyte
The majority of sensory receptors associated with the integumentary system are located in the
Dermis
Sweat and oil glands are located in the
Dermis, Although the ducts of their glands do pass through the epidermis to the body surface.
Which of the following are composed of connective tissues?
Dermis, Hypodermis, Subcutis
The glands mainly responsible for cooling the body are
Eccrine glands
The integument is composed of
Epidermis and dermis
Nails are derived from structures of the:
Epidermis, Nails are dead keratinized cells derived from the epidermis.
A break in the skin is most likely to lead to
Infection, One of the main barriers to infection is the skin. A break in the skin allows microorganisms to bypass this barrier.
Functions of the hypodermis?
Insulation, Energy reserve,Binds the integument with underlying organs.
The protein that makes the epidermis skin waterproof is
Keratin
Which cell type provides function, even when dead?
Keratinocytes - Once filled with keratin, they can carry out their barrier function even when dead.
Which cell type(s) is/are found in the stratum spinosum?
Keratinocytes and dendritic cells are found in the layer just superficial to the stratum basale.
Which cell type(s) is/are found in the stratum corneum?
Keratinocytes make up the outer layer of the epidermis. In this layer the keratinocytes are dead.
Which structure provides protection from UV radiation?
Melanin is a pigment that can absorb the energy found in UV radiation before it can damage skin cells.
Which molecules are found in the structures of the integumentary system?
Melanin, Collagen, Keratin
Which layer of the dermis contains the blood vessels?
Papillary layer
The two layers of the dermis are the
Papillary layer and reticular layer
Melanin is a
Pigments (like those that form colors) can absorb radiation.
What is the main function of melanin?
Protect cells in the stratum basale from ultraviolet light.,The dark pigment in melanin absorbs the energy in the UV radiation.
The epidermis is most responsible for which of the following functions?
Protection from microorganisms.The keratinized stratified epithelium is a significant barrier to microorganism entry.
Facial expressions can occur because
Some skeletal muscles of the face directly connect to the dermis.
The most superficial layer of the epidermis is
Stratum corneum, This is the layer of dead keratinocytes from which cells slough off to the environment.
Which glands would be most active in toddlers?
Sweat (Merocrine) glands
Which of the following features of the integumentary system plays a role in temperature regulation?
Sweat glands, Dermal blood vessels, Hair
The dermis is mainly composed of?
The dermis is mainly composed of matrix secreting cells and the extracellular matrix proteins collagen and elastin.
Which skin layer(s) are most responsible for acting as a barrier against the entry of microorganisms?
The epidermis is composed of tightly connected cells without blood vessels running through them. This structure does not contain any pathways for microorganisms to easily enter.
Which skin layer(s) is/are avascular?
The epidermis, or outermost layer, is avascular. It is a thin layer that contains no blood vessels.
The role of the skin in vitamin D production is
The skin absorbs UV radiation, which makes cholecalciferol, a precursor to vitamin D.
The main deterrent to microorganism entry across the skin is?
The stratified epithelium provides a barrier that is many cell layers thick. Combined with the tightly connected cells, this provides a significant barrier to entry of microorganisms.
The greatest number of different cell types would be found in the
The stratum basale contains basal cells, Merkel cells, Langerhans cells and melanocytes.
Which vitamin is formed (at least in part) when UV radiation is absorbed by skin cells?
Vitamin A, Although we call it a vitamin, it is really a hormone made through a multistep process. One step includes UV radiation acting on skin cells.
Non-barrier functions of the skin?
Vitamin D production, Nonverbal communication, Temperature regulation
Dark skinned individuals are ___________ likely to get skin cancer and are also ________________ likely to be dificient in vitamin D.
less, more
Free nerve endings in the skin respond to
pain, Free nerve endings can respond to a variety of chemicals released by damaged tissue, causing us to perceive pain.
Merkel cells are a type of
sensory cell - light touch