AP1 quiz
Which cells are commonly found wedged between simple columnar epithelial cells? goblet cells mast cells macrophages fibroblasts
goblet cells
Which dermal layer is responsible for the dermal properties of skin that are evident as cleavage lines? the basal layer the papillary layer the reticular layer the granular layer
the reticular layer
In certain kinds of muscle cells, calcium ions are stored in ________. both smooth and rough ER the smooth ER the cytoplasm the rough ER
the smooth ER
The dorsal body cavity is divided into which of the following subdivisions? The dorsal body cavity is divided into which of the following subdivisions? the vertebral/spinal and cranial cavities the vertebral/spinal and thoracic cavities the thoracic, pleural, and abdominopelvic cavities the vertebral/spinal, cranial, and pleural cavities
the vertebral/spinal and cranial cavitie
If a person were born without eccrine glands, what skin function would he or she have a hard time completing? thermoregulation synthesis of vitamin D having the skin act as a physical barrier cutaneous sensation
thermoregulation
Which body cavity is further separated into other cavities? pelvic pericardial pleural thoracic
thoracic
The term pollex refers to the ________. fingers calf great toe thumb
thumb
Histology would be best defined as a study of ________.
tissues
Which of the following tissues would be associated with secretion of saliva? Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Muscle Tissue Nervous Tissue
Epithelial Tissue
A gene can best be defined as ________. noncoding segments of DNA up to 100,000 nucleotides long a three-base triplet that specifies a particular amino acid an RNA messenger that codes for a particular polypeptide a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain
a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain
Burns are devastating and debilitating because of loss of fluids and electrolytes from the body. How do physicians estimate the extent of burn damage associated with such dangerous fluid loss? by observing the tissues that are usually moist by using the "rule of nines" through blood analysis by measuring urinary output and fluid intake
by using the "rule of nines"
The term sural refers to the ____________ wrist calf forearm chin
calf
Which tissues have little to no functional regenerative capacity? epithelial tissue and areolar connective tissue cardiac muscle and nervous tissue cardiac and smooth muscle nervous tissue and bone
cardiac muscle and nervous tissue
Earwax is made by __________. ceruminous glands mammary glands sebaceous glands eccrine glands
ceruminous glands
The fiber type that gives connective tissue great tensile strength is ________. elastic muscle collagen reticular
collagen
Connective tissues are made of different combinations of ground substance and fibers. As you compare slides of connective tissues, which would most likely be the strongest (toughest) type of connective tissue based on the composition of ground substance and fibers? connective tissues high in collagen fibers connective tissue high in ground substance connective tissue high in elastic fibers connective tissue high in reticular fibers
connective tissues high in collagen fibers
A needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order? basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum basale, spinosum, granulosum, corneum granulosum, basale, spinosum, corneum corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
Which of the following is a dry membrane exposed to the air? serous membrane synovial membrane cutaneous membrane mucous membrane
cutaneous membrane
what process ultimately pinches a dividing cell to produce two daughter cells? mitosis DNA replication interphase cytokinesis
cytokinesis
Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is NOT correctly matched. Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is NOT correctly matched. Gross anatomy: study of structures visible to the eye. Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region. Embryology: study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth. Microscopic anatomy: study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye.
cytology
Which of the following cells and their function are correctly matched? tactile cells - protection keratinocytes - provide sense of touch and pressure dendritic cells - activate the immune system melanocytes - protects cells in the stratum corneum from damaging effects of sun's rays
dendritic cells - activate the immune system
Your patient doesn't understand why it takes so long for his anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear to heal. What would be your best explanation to him? "Any injury in the knee region takes longer to heal because it is so mobile." "The ACL is a large ligament, and it takes longer to heal than smaller ones." "Ligaments like the ACL don't have a good blood supply and therefore take much longer to heal than tissues or glands with more blood vessels." "The ACL is in your knee, and it takes longer for the nutrients to get there."
"Ligaments like the ACL don't have a good blood supply and therefore take much longer to heal than tissues or glands with more blood vessels."
The composition of the secretions of the eccrine glands is ________. metabolic wastes primarily uric acid 99% water, sodium chloride, trace amounts of wastes, and vitamin C fatty substances, proteins, antibodies, and trace amounts of minerals and vitamins
99% water, sodium chloride, trace amounts of wastes, and vitamin C
Which of the following is a modification of the simple columnar epithelium that allows for efficient absorption along portions of the digestive tract? fibroblasts dense microvilli thin and permeable cilia
dense microvilli
Mitosis ________. creates diversity in genetic potential is always a part of the cell cycle is division of the genetic material within the nucleus is the formation of sex cells
is division of the genetic material within the nucleus
Smooth muscle __________. is under involuntary control has striations has long, cylindrical cells contains intercalated discs
is under involuntary control
Which of the following describes tight junctions? junctions within electrically excitable tissues, such as the heart and smooth muscle junctions among epithelial cells lining the digestive tract cell junctions in areas that are subjected to great mechanical stress, such as the skin and heart muscles junctions where cells are held together by cadherins
junctions among epithelial cells lining the digestive tract
What is the most common cell type in the epidermis? dendritic cells fibroblasts macrophages keratinocytes
keratinocytes
Which vesicular transport process occurs primarily in some white blood cells and macrophages? intracellular vesicular trafficking phagocytosis pinocytosis exocytosis
phagocytosis
What part of a cell membrane is usually in contact with the interstitial fluid? hydrophobic molecules fatty acid tails cholesterol phosphate heads of phospholipids
phosphate heads of phospholipids
Which of the following is a component of the plasma membrane that creates a physical barrier between the inside and the outside of the cell? water cholesterol phospholipids proteins
phospholipids
Which of the following is the main component of the cell membrane? cholesterol water phospholipids carbohydrates
phospholipids
In which abdominopelvic quadrant would you find most of the liver? left upper quadrant right upper quadrant left lower quadrant right lower quadrant
right upper quadrant
Which glands secrete an oily product that softens the skin and hair? apocrine sweat glands eccrine sweat glands ceruminous glands sebaceous glands
sebaceous glands
Susan sat out in the sun watching a baseball game. She developed small blisters on her unprotected shoulders and neck. What type of burn is represented by the formation of the blisters? first-degree burn second-degree burn third-degree burn full-thickness burn
second-degree burn
One of the functional characteristics of life is excitability or responsiveness. This refers to ________. the necessity for all organisms to reproduce sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them indigestible food residues stimulating the excretory system the nervous system causing all living things to sometimes experience anger
sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them
Inability to absorb digested nutrients and secrete mucus might indicate a disorder in which epithelial tissue? simple squamous simple columnar transitional stratified squamous
simple columnar
Which of the following connective tissues is richly vascularized and consists of more cells than extracellular matrix? Hyaline cartilage Adipose Dense regular Areolar
Adipose
Which of the following is NOT one of the concepts collectively known as the cell theory? All organisms are made of one or more cells. All cells must be motile and divide. Cells only arise from other cells. The cell is the smallest unit of life.
All cells must be motile and divide.
Which of the following best defines anatomy? It is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships with one another. It is the study of tissues. It is the study of all chemical reactions that occur within body cells. It is the study of how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities.
Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships with one another.
A Caucasian patient with pale skin is treated for low blood pressure with medication that elevates the blood pressure; however, the skin's pallor does not change. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the pallor in this patient? respiratory disease that results in the blood being poorly oxygenated the presence of hematomas in the skin hypertension caused by excessive use of the medication Anemia
Anemia
Which of the following best demonstrates the principle of complementarity of structure and function? Bones can support and protect body organs because they contain hard mineral deposits. The liver, brain, blood vessels, and stomach are each responsible for a necessary activity that no other organ can perform. The heart and blood vessels circulate blood continuously to carry oxygen and nutrients to all body cells. Atoms, the tiny building blocks of matter, combine to form molecules such as water and proteins.
Bones can support and protect body organs because they contain hard mineral deposits.
Which of the following statements is most correct regarding the intracellular chemical signals known as "second messengers"? Cyclic AMP and calcium may be second messengers. Second messengers usually act to remove nitric oxide (NO) from the cell. Second messengers act through receptors called K-proteins. Second messengers usually inactivate protein kinase enzymes.
Cyclic AMP and calcium may be second messengers.
Which of the following statements is true? Endocytosis and exocytosis are passive transport mechanisms. Unlike endocytosis, exocytosis does not rely on protein interactions with the plasma membranes. Exocytosis involves infolding of the plasma membrane. During exocytosis, substances from inside the cell are moved outside.
During exocytosis, substances from inside the cell are moved outside.
Water loss through the epidermis could cause a serious threat to health and well-being. Which of the following protects us against excessive water loss through the skin? The size and shape of the cells that make up the stratum spinosum, as well as the thick bundles of intermediate filaments. Glycolipids that are secreted by keratinocytes into extracellular spaces. The dermis is the thickest portion of the skin and water cannot pass through it. Fat associated with skin prevents water loss.
Glycolipids that are secreted by keratinocytes into extracellular spaces.
What is the basic difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane? In simple diffusion, molecules move down the concentration gradient but in facilitated diffusion molecules move up the concentration gradient. In facilitated diffusion, molecules only move with the aid of a protein in the membrane. Simple diffusion is passive but facilitated diffusion is an active process that uses energy. Simple diffusion requires molecules to move through special doorways in the cell membrane.
In facilitated diffusion, molecules only move with the aid of a protein in the membrane.
Which of the following is a difference between primary and secondary active transport? Energy is required for primary active transport, but not secondary active transport. In primary active transport, the transport protein gets phosphorylated; in secondary active transport, the transport protein is not phosphorylated. Primary active transport is driven by secondary active transport. Primary active transport moves solutes in opposite directions while secondary transport moves solutes in the same direction
In primary active transport, the transport protein gets phosphorylated; in secondary active transport, the transport protein is not phosphorylated.
Which event must precede all others during tissue repair? Inflammation occurs in the damaged area. Fibroblasts multiply and produce collagen fibers in the damaged area. Epithelial cells multiply and migrate over the damaged area. Granulation tissue forms in the damaged area.
Inflammation occurs in the damaged area.
Type I diabetes is caused when an individual does not produce insulin. Which of the following statements regarding insulin is TRUE? Insulin is the stimulus for the positive feedback mechanism that controls blood sugar. Insulin is the chemical messenger released from the pancreas when blood sugar is too high. Insulin is the receptor that triggers the negative feedback mechanism that controls blood sugar. Insulin is the effector that controls blood sugar.
Insulin is the chemical messenger released from the pancreas when blood sugar is too high.
What makes up the ground substance of the Extracellular Matrix of the Connective Tissue?
Interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins and proteoglycans
All of the following are characteristic of epithelial tissue except, choose the exception Largely made up of extracellular matrix Avascular Highly regenerative Specialized contacts Polar - apical and basal orientation Simple or Stratified layera of cells
Largely made up of extracellular matrix
Which cell type of the epidermis contributes to the production of melanin? Melanocytes Keratinocytes Dendritic cells Tactile epithelial cells None of the above
Melanocytes
Select the most correct statement concerning skin cancer. Most tumors that arise on the skin are malignant. Melanomas are rare but must be removed quickly to prevent them from metastasizing. Squamous cell carcinomas arise from the stratum corneum. Basal cell carcinomas are the least common but most malignant.
Melanomas are rare but must be removed quickly to prevent them from metastasizing.
Which of the following statements is correct regarding RNA? If the base sequence of DNA is ATTGCA, the messenger RNA template will be UCCAGU. Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA play a role in protein synthesis. rRNA is always attached to the rough ER. There is exactly one specific type of mRNA for each amino acid.
Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA play a role in protein synthesis.
which of the follwoing cytoskeleton structures would be represented of centrioles, flagella and cilia. Microtubule Intermediate filament Microfilament None of the above
Microtubule
__________ are water-soluble, complex glycoproteins that are secreted by goblet cells. Keratin Collagen Proteoglycan Mucin Albumin
Mucin
Which of the following is most likely to move through the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion? Na+ O2 CO2 small lipids
Na+
Which cell type is not part of connective tissue? Fibroblasts Chondrocytes Neurons White blood cells Adipocytes Osteoblasts All of the above are associated with connective tissue
Neurons
________ epithelium appears to have two or three layers of cells, but all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane. Stratified columnar Transitional Pseudostratified columnar Stratified cuboidal
Pseudostratified columnar
During the S phase of the cell cycle, what would the new strand be if a section of the conserved (old parental strand) was ATTCGGAGCA
TAAGCCTCGT
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? Melanin protects the nuclei of keratinocytes against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Dendritic cells ingest foreign substances and activate the immune system. Keratinocytes produce a fibrous protein that gives the epidermis its protective properties. Tactile cells anchor the skin to the underlying structures of the body.
Tactile cells anchor the skin to the underlying structures of the body.
Despite its apparent durability, the dermis is subject to tearing. How might a person know that the dermis has been previously stretched and/or torn? The appearance of visible, silvery-white scars is an indication of stretching of the dermis. There is an episode of acute pain due to the large number of tactile corpuscles. The blood vessels in the dermis rupture and the blood passes through the tissue, causing permanent "black-and-blue marks." The stretching causes the tension lines to disappear.
The appearance of visible, silvery-white scars is an indication of stretching of the dermis.
Which of the following statements is not one of the four major concepts of the cell theory? Cells only arise from other cells. The activity of an organism emerges from the individual combined activities of the different cell types within an organism. The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. The function of a cell dictates the chemical structure and organelles of the cells.
The function of a cell dictates the chemical structure and organelles of the cells.
Which of the following statements is correct regarding net diffusion? The lower the temperature, the faster the rate. Molecular weight of a substance does not affect the rate. The rate is independent of temperature. The greater the concentration gradient, the faster the rate.
The greater the concentration gradient, the faster the rate.
What is the role of the hair matrix? The hair matrix produces hair. The hair matrix allows hair to "stand on end," or become erect. The hair matrix serves as an anchor for the hair shaft. The hair matrix serves as a sensory receptor.
The hair matrix produces hair.
Phospholipids have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends. How does this structure make the phospholipid ideally suited to the selectively permeable structure needed by the plasma membrane? The hydrophobic tails create a boundary that prevents water-soluble polar molecules from crossing the plasma membrane but allows lipid-soluble nonpolar molecules. The hydrophilic heads create a boundary that prevents water-soluble polar molecules from crossing the membrane. The hydrophobic heads create a boundary that prevents lipid-soluble nonpolar molecules from crossing the membrane. The hydrophobic heads create a boundary that prevents water-soluble polar molecules from crossing the membrane.
The hydrophobic tails create a boundary that prevents water-soluble polar molecules from crossing the plasma membrane but allows lipid-soluble nonpolar molecules.
In a tissue type that undergoes a relatively great deal of mechanical stress, like the tissue that lines the intestine, you would expect to see an abundance of ________ between the individual cells of the tissue. gap junctions desmosomes connexons tight junctions
desmosomes
Which of the following is FALSE regarding the membrane potential? The resting membrane potential occurs due to active transport of ions across the membrane due to the sodium-potassium pump. The resting membrane potential is maintained solely by passive transport processes. The resting membrane potential is determined mainly by the concentration gradients and differential permeability of the plasma membrane to K+ and Na+ ions. In their resting state, all body cells exhibit a resting membrane potential.
The resting membrane potential is maintained solely by passive transport processes.
Which of the following represents a difference between eccrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands? Eccrine sweat glands use exocytosis to secrete their product, while apocrine sweat glands do not. The secretions of apocrine sweat glands contain more fat and protein than do the secretions of eccrine sweat glands. Eccrine sweat glands begin to function at puberty, while apocrine sweat glands function throughout life. Eccrine sweat glands are located deeper in the dermis than apocrine sweat glands.
The secretions of apocrine sweat glands contain more fat and protein than do the secretions of eccrine sweat glands.
Changes in the color of skin are often an indication of a homeostatic imbalance. Which of the following would indicate a liver disease such as hepatitis resulting in elevated bilirubin? Black-and-blue marks become evident for no apparent cause. The skin takes on a bronze or metallic appearance. The skin and sclera of the eyes appears to have an abnormal, yellowish tint. It is impossible to suggest Addison's disease from an inspection of a person's skin.
The skin and sclera of the eyes appears to have an abnormal, yellowish tint.
Which of the following statements regarding the umbilicus and the chin is true? The umbilicus is caudal to the chin. The chin is caudal to the umbilicus. The umbilicus is superior to the chin. The umbilicus is medial to the chin.
The umbilicus is caudal to the chin.
Which of the following is characteristic of cilia? They are substantially longer than flagella, and are less common than flagella in humans. They are whiplike, motile cellular extensions that occur in large numbers on the exposed surfaces of certain cells. They are used for cellular adhesion. They increase the surface area of absorptive cells in the kidneys and intestines.
They are whiplike, motile cellular extensions that occur in large numbers on the exposed surfaces of certain cells.
Why are adipose tissue, blood, and bone all considered to be connective tissues? They have a common origin: the embryonic tissue mesenchyme. They have the same types of cells. They all have collagen and elastic fibers in their extracellular matrix. They connect to each other.
They have a common origin: the embryonic tissue mesenchyme.
Which types of cell junctions are needed in a mucosal membrane, such as the digestive tract, to keep the digestive enzymes, juices, and bacteria from leaking out? Desmosomes Tight junctions Gap junctions
Tight junctions
Epithelial tissue of an organ that readily stretches, e.g., urinary bladder. Transitional Stratified squamous Stratified cuboidal Simple columnar
Transitional
A type of transport protein found in the plasma membrane of cells lining the inside of the intestine allows sodium ions to diffuse down their concentration gradient. The ions move through the transport protein, and into the cell. These transport proteins will use the kinetic energy of the diffusing sodium ions to bring glucose into the cells as well. This transport protein would best be described as ________. a symporter a pump a carrier protein a channel
a symporter
Which of the following is NOT a role of connective tissue? transport insulation support absorption
absorption
Generally speaking, connective tissues are largely non-living extracellular matrix. Which of the following is an EXCEPTION? bone areolar adipose blood
adipose
The connective tissue proper described as a matrix that is areolar, very sparse, but closely packed fat cells. Classify this connective tissue Adipose Reticular Areolar Dense Regular
adipose
In connective tissue, the role of elastic fibers is to __________. retain fluid form delicate networks around blood vessels provide high tensile strength allow the tissue to stretch and recoil
allow the tissue to stretch and recoil
Which best describes the frontal plane Any plane that separates left from right A horizontal cut that separates the knee from the thigh any cut dividing the body into anteior and posterior None of the above
any cut dividing the body into anteior and posterior
Peroxisomes ________.
are able to detoxify substances by enzymatic action
The arrector pili muscle's predominate, useful function in humans is to ________. prevent germs from entering the hair shaft provide warmth by making the hair stand on end assist in the release sebum from nearby sebaceous glands stimulate faster hair growth
assist in the release sebum from nearby sebaceous glands
hypogastric
below the stomach
Which tissue is correctly paired with its primary immature cell type? connective tissue proper; chondrocyte cartilage; fibroblast bone; fibrocyte bone; osteoblast
bone; osteoblast
The myocardium (cardiac muscle tissue) undergoes a significant amount of physical stress due to its contractions. You would expect to see relatively large numbers of which of the following embedded within their plasma membrane? desmosomes glycolipids tight junctions transport proteins
desmosomes
The shape of the external ear is maintained by ________. hyaline cartilage adipose tissue fibrocartilage elastic cartilage
elastic cartilage
Skin, lung, and blood vessel walls have which tissue characteristic in common? simple columnar epithelium simple squamous epithelium reticular fibers elastic fibers
elastic fibers
Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________. ceruminous sebaceous endocrine exocrine
endocrine
A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ___________ enhancement of labor contractions regulating glucose levels in the blood body temperature regulation blood calcium regulation
enhancement of labor contractions
Which layer of tissue is damaged in a first-degree burn? epidermis dermis hypodermis both the epidermis and dermis
epidermis
Which tissue type consists of a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity? epithelial tissue muscle tissue nervous tissue connective tissue
epithelial tissue
What tissue type has polarity and is avascular? epithelium nervous tissue connective tissue muscle
epithelium
A vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents to the extracellular fluid. This statement describes _____. endocytosis facilitated diffusion exocytosis simple diffusion active transport
exocytosis
The major regions of a hair shaft include all of the following EXCEPT ________. cuticle external root sheath cortex medulla
external root sheath
Some transport processes use transport proteins in the plasma membrane, but do not require ATP. This type of transport is known as _____. simple diffusion endocytosis exocytosis facilitated diffusion active transport
facilitated diffusion
The majority of water molecules moving across plasma membranes by osmosis do so via a process that is most similar to ____. facilitated diffusion a process that requires energy from the cell active transport simple diffusion cotransport
facilitated diffusion
A surgeon opens her patient by cutting the integument parallel to the cleavage lines of the dermis (tension lines). This will result in ________. greater chance of infection less chance for infection slowed healing and greater scaring faster healing of the skin and less scaring
faster healing of the skin and less scaring
Connective tissue extracellular matrix is composed of ________. fibers and ground substance cells and fibers ground substance and cells all organic compounds
fibers and ground substance
The dermis is a strong, flexible connective tissue layer. Which of the following cell types are likely to be found in the dermis? osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and epithelial cells fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells goblet cells, parietal cells, and chondrocytes monocytes, reticulocytes, and osteocytes
fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells
Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback? shivering to warm your body up in cold weather reducing of blood sugar by the hormone insulin forming a platelet plug during blood clotting withdrawing your hand from a painful stimulus, like a broken glass
forming a platelet plug during blood clotting
Which of the following is not a major function of proteins in the cell membrane? forming the entire glycocalyx forming channels anchoring cells to other structures acting as receptors
forming the entire glycocalyx
Which of the following allows for communication and the passage of small molecules between adjacent cells? tight junctions glycocalyx desmosome gap junction
gap junction
Which property is most consistent in all connective tissues? greater amount of extracellular matrix compared to cellular content avascularity large number of connective fibers large amounts of ground substance
greater amount of extracellular matrix compared to cellular content
What are the three main components of connective tissue? ground substance, fibers, and cells collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers alveoli, fibrous capsule, and secretory cells fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts
ground substance, fibers, and cells
The thoracic cavity contains the ________. It is found ________ to the vertebral cavity. stomach and liver; superficial heart and lungs; anterior kidneys and spleen; deep digestive viscera; inferior
heart and lungs; anterior
You are told to take an axillary temperature on a small child. You will place the thermometer ________. under the tongue in the armpit on the forehead in the rectum
in the armpit
Apocrine glands, which begin to function at puberty under hormonal influence, seem to play little role in thermoregulation. Where would we find these glands in the human body? in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet beneath the flexure lines in the body in the axillary and anogenital area in all body regions and buried deep in the dermis
in the axillary and anogenital area
The first step in tissue repair involves ________. formation of scar tissue proliferation of fibrous connective tissue inflammation replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells
inflammation
The correct order of events in tissue repair, from first to last, is __________. regeneration, organization, and inflammation inflammation, regeneration, and organization organization, inflammation, and regeneration inflammation, organization, and regeneration
inflammation, organization, and regeneration
Prevents water loss, entry of germs into the body and synthesizes vitamin D. Integumentary, muscular, nervous, or skeletal
integumentary
Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region? stomach liver intestines appendix
intestines
A ciliated version of pseudostratified columnar epithelium containing mucus-secreting goblet cells ________. lines most of the respiratory tract is more durable than all other epithelia aids in digestion is found in some of the larger glands
lines most of the respiratory tract
The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane ________. lining the thoracic cavity covering individual lungs covering the heart lining the abdominal cavity
lining the thoracic cavity
What is the role of each RNA in DNA to protein synthesis?
mRNA is the transcribed infromation from the DNA (Gene), rRNA along with protein forms the ribosomes, and tRNA decodes the mRNA for the proper sequence of AA in a protein
Prevention of water loss is a necessary function for life that would best fit in the category of ________. maintaining boundaries metabolism excretion responsiveness
maintaining boundaries
The most dangerous type of skin cancer is __________. squamous cell carcinoma melanoma basal cell carcinoma All of these skin cancers are equally dangerous.
melanoma
Which of the following would NOT be a constituent of a plasma membrane? glycoproteins glycolipids messenger RNA phospholipids
messenger RNA
The skin is not a __________ barrier. physical chemical metabolic biological
metabolic
Which life process generates the raw materials and energy needed to sustain all other life processes? reproduction metabolism responsiveness movement
metabolism
Which of the following regional anatomy terms matches the anatomical description "anterior and most distal?" popliteal metatarsal femoral crural
metatarsal
Which subdivision of anatomy would include the study of individual cells? systemic anatomy microscopic anatomy developmental anatomy gross anatomy
microscopic anatomy
Which of the following structures would aid a cell in allowing more nutrients to be absorbed by the cell? primary cilia microvilli flagella stereocilia
microvilli
A primary active transport process is one in which __________. molecules pass directly through the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane an intracellular vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents to the extracellular fluid the plasma membrane folds inward to form a vesicle containing extracellular material molecules move through transport proteins that have been activated by ATP molecules move across the plasma membrane without an input of energy
molecules move through transport proteins that have been activated by ATP
Which of the following best explains diffusion? movement of molecules from where there are fewer of them to where there are more movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration movement of molecules farther away from equilibrium exchange of nonpolar molecules for polar molecules
movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
An exocrine gland that has an unbranched duct would be classified as a __________. unicellular simple gland multicellular simple gland multicellular compound gland unicellular compound gland
multicellular simple gland
Which of the following are INCORRECTLY paired? muscle; endoderm nervous tissue; ectoderm connective tissue; mesoderm epithelium; endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm
muscle; endoderm
Provides the force to move bones about their joints. Integumentary, muscular, nervous, or skeletal
muscular
Responds to environmental changes by transmitting electrical impulses. Integumentary, muscular, nervous, or skeletal
nervous
Which organ systems function as control systems, communicating with other cells and organs to regulate their activities? cardiovascular and digestive systems nervous and endocrine systems nervous and cardiovascular systems cardiovascular and endocrine systems
nervous and endocrine systems
Which of the following are survival needs of the body? nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen nutrients, water, growth, and reproduction nutrients, water, movement, and reproduction water, atmospheric pressure, growth, and movement
nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen
Parents bring a toddler to the emergency department after she tripped and fell on the sidewalk. You note a submental laceration. As you evaluate this girl, you are most concerned about trauma to which other anatomic region? Otic Occipital Oral Orbital
oral
Which type of cell or cellular structure is not found in the epidermis? keratinocytes pain receptors melanocytes dendritic cells
pain receptors
When a baby suckles at its mother's breast the stimulus at the breast is sent to the mother's brain (a region called the hypothalamus). The brain responds by releasing hormones to stimulate the production and the ejection of milk from the breast. This helps the newborn to receive nourishment and encourages more suckling. This example is best described as a ________. necessary life function loss of homeostasis positive feedback negative feedback
positive feedback
The sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to move sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This statement describes _____. secondary active transport exocytosis simple diffusion facilitated diffusion primary active transport
primary active transport
Classify the epithelial tissue that is composed on a single layer of cells but appears as stratified layer (all the cells have a basement membrane contact but not all reach the apical surface). Most would have cilia or other modificaitons at the apical surface. pseudostratified columnar simple columnar stratified cuboidal stratified squamous
pseudostratified columnar
In a homeostatic control mechanism, which component monitors the environment? effector receptor stimulus control center
receptor
Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins? Golgi apparatus smooth endoplasmic reticulum rough endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes
ribosomes
You observe a tissue under a microscope. There appears to be a lumen on one side of the tissue. Lining this lumen is a single layer of epithelial cells that seem to have long, fingerlike projections. Beneath the projections, the cells seem to have the shape of shoeboxes and are packed tightly together. What type of tissue are you looking at? stratified squamous epithelium simple columnar epithelium transitional epithelium simple cuboidal epithelium
simple columnar epithelium
Which of the following epithelia forms the walls of the air sacs across which gas exchange occurs in the lungs? simple cuboidal simple columnar simple squamous pseudostratified columnar
simple squamous
Provides a ridged framework to support the body and stores minerals. Integumentary, muscular, nervous, or skeletal
skeletal
Under a microscope you observe a tissue that appears to have long fibers that appear striated. The nuclei are pushed off to the side of the fibers. The tissue looks very vascular. What type of tissue are you observing? dense regular connective tissue dense irregular connective tissue osseous tissue skeletal muscle tissue
skeletal muscle tissue
Which of the following is least likely to increase the rate of diffusion? small concentration gradient higher concentration of molecules high temperature small molecule size
small concentration gradient
Which tissue in the wall of the uterus is required for labor contractions? smooth muscle elastic cartilage skeletal muscle stratified squamous
smooth muscle
Mediastinum
space between the lungs
The vertebral cavity contains the _________. It is found ____________ to the thoracic cavity heart and lungs; anterior kidneys and spleen; deep spinal cord; posterior spinal cord; anterior
spinal cord; posterior
Injured cartilage might heal more quickly if a treatment were discovered that would __________. prevent chondrocytes from dividing and thereby reducing the relative amount of matrix that is present in the cartilage stimulate blood vessels to develop within cartilage stimulate calcification of cartilage All of the listed responses are correct.
stimulate blood vessels to develop within cartilage
A many-layered epithelium with cuboidal basal cells and flat cells at its surface would be classified as ________. transitional stratified squamous simple squamous simple cuboidal
stratified squamous
Which of the following epithelial tissue types is NOT correctly matched to its function? simple cuboidal epithelium; secretion stratified squamous epithelium; absorption simple squamous epithelium; filtration simple columnar epithelium with microvilli; absorption
stratified squamous epithelium; absorption
Which layer of the epidermis will be supplied with the highest levels of oxygen from the blood? stratum spinosum stratum granulosum stratum basale stratum corneum
stratum basale
Which stratum of the epidermis contains the stem cells responsible for regenerating the more superficial layers? stratum granulosum stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum corneum
stratum basale
The layer of the epidermis that serves the main functions of skin stratum corneum stratum basale stratum granulosum stratum spinosum They all serve the same function
stratum corneum
What function do transitional epithelia have? absorption resistance to friction stretching filtration
stretching
Which directional term is used to describe the relationship of the skin to the skeletal muscles? medial superficial lateral deep
superficial
Which of the following is a metabolic function of skin? body temperature regulation cutaneous sensation synthesis of a vitamin D precursor elimination of nitrogenous wastes
synthesis of a vitamin D precursor
Generally, what is the result of the negative feedback process? to regulate excretion via the kidneys to maintain homeostasis to keep the body's blood sugar level high to control body movement
to maintain homeostasis
What is the role of the serous membranes covering some organs? to prevent friction between the organ and body cavity wall to provide passage of nutrients for the organ tissues to provide a protective outer covering for the organ to serve as extra tissue for blood flow to the organ
to prevent friction between the organ and body cavity wall
a body section that is cut across the body horizontally is a ____ section
transverse
