APA Quiz

Write the following article to add to your references page per APA style. authors: Ruth A. Baer, Gregory T. Smith, Kristin B. Allen title: Assessment of Mindfulness by self-report: The Kentucky Inventory of Minfulness Skills journal: assessment volume: 11 no: 3 page: 191 to 206

Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., & Allen, K. B. (2004). Assessment of mindfulness by self-report: The Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills. Assessment, 11(3), 191-206.

What is included in the results

Report the data in sufficient detail to justify your conclusions. The test that was used to find the results. And if it was non significant or significant And where to look example (table 1)

What makes a statement plagiarized?

Representing the work of someone else as your own.

Purpose of the results

Summarize the collected data and the analysis performed on those data. Report the data in sufficient detail.

What is the order of the manuscripts?

1. Title 2. Abstract 3. Introduction 4. Method 5. Results 6. Discussion 7. References 8. Table 9. Figure 10. Appendix

The 5 tenets of APA style

-Clarity -Accuracy -Conciseness -Logical progression of ideas -Completness

What is included in the method

-Participants , Materials,Procedure, Design and data analysis

APA writing style

-continuity of expression -smoothness of expression -tone -economy of expression -precision and clarity -linguistic devices

Purpose of figures

-information value -deciding which figure , like a table or graph, is the best way to communicate information -degree to which figure can be produced in a way that captures essential information features desired without visually distracting detail.

What is the correct page number for Introduction section?

3

What needs to be fixed in this reference? Carmody, J., & Baer, R. A. (2008). Relationships between Mindfulness Practice and Levels of Mindfulness, Medical and Psychological Symptoms and Well-being in a Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction Program. Journal of behavioral medicine, 31(1), 23-33.

Carmody, J., & Baer, R. A. (2008). Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Journal of behavioral medicine, 31(1), 23-33.

Why do we need proper use of tenses, grammars, and words?

Colloquial - informal language use - reduce clarity of meanings. CBT - no capitalization Punctuation marks - for continuity

Conciseness

Don't confuse your readers with wordiness or unnecessarily complex sentences. While short, choppy sentences are awkward, so are long, run-on sentences. Discuss one idea at a time, and break up the sentences so each has one specific point. Don't use superfluous words- get to the point and condense information when you can.

What happens when you have correct punctuation and transition words?

E.g., "We have three hypotheses: two main effect analyses and one interaction analysis; both were found significant in results. Through these analyses, we examined participants' perception of SH in our study."

What makes it not plagiarized?

Giving credit where credit is due. Giving credit to information you have used.

Measurements

Metric system

Purpose of the abstract

Page 25-27 An abstract is a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of the article; it allows readers to survey the contents of an article quickly and, like a title, it enables personas interested in the document to retrieve it from abstracting and indexing databases. Most scholarly journals require an abstract. It can be the most important single paragraph in an article. Most people have their first contact with an article by seeing just the abstract, usually in comparison with several other abstracts, as they are doing a literature search. A good abstract is accurate, non evaluative, coherent and readable, and concise. Do not exceed the abstract word limit of the journal to which you are submitting your article. Typically range from 150 to 250 words. Abstract begins in a new page and label Abstract at the top of the page.

What is Plagiarism?

Plagiarism is academic dishonesty, one type of cheating. It is unethical and illegal. Faculty cannot plagiarize when they publish or present research, professionals cannot plagiarize when they prepare documents, and students cannot plagiarize when they write papers for school or research reports.

What is included in the abstract

Problem under investigation. the participants age sex and ethnic groups ,animals if used. Essential features of study method. Basic findings, including effect size and confidence intervals, and conclusions.

What is included in the introduction

Rationale for your study -begin on a new page

What should be included in the title page?

The elements of the title page are important because they are used to index articles and covey important information to the potential readers. What are the four parts to the title page? -title: Summarizes the main idea of the paper in 10-12 words. Identifies the variables under investigation and the relationship between (among) them. -byline: Consists of two parts: The name of the author(s) and Affiliation-the place where the author conducted the investigation. -running head and page number: It is a maximum of 50 characters long (including punctuation and spaces). -author note: is used to identify each author's departmental affiliation, provide acknowledgements, provide contact, and any changes form previous affiliations. p. 23

What is included in the discussion

The purpose of the study, hypothesis, Interpretation of the results, basically telling readers what you found, reasons why the hypothesis worked or didn't work: example comparing your study to previous studies, limitations, and conclusion

What do you include in your title and in the title page?

The relationship between IV and DV of the study. Title, author note, running head, page number, Your name, university, and professor's name

The mechanics of style

This has to do with period, comma, semicolon,colon, dash, quotations marks. Starts on page 87.

Clarity

You don't want to misrepresent the detail of a study by not explaining them clearly. For clarity, be specific rather than vague in descriptions and explanations. Unpack detail accurately to provide adequate information to your readers so they can follow the development of your study.

Manuscript structure and content

Title: Should summarize the main idea of the manuscript simply and if possible with style. It should be a concise statement of the main topic and should identify variables or theoretical issues under investigation and the relationship between them. No more than 12 words. Authors name (byline): the preferred form of an author's name is first name, middle initials, and last name Institutional affiliation: Identifies the location where the author or authors were when the research was conducted Author note: appear with each printed article to identify departmental affiliation, provide acknowledgements, state any disclaimers or perceived conflict of interest, and provide a point of contact for the interested reader. Abstract: Brief comprehensive summary of the contents of the article. Allows readers to survey the contents of an article quickly. Introduction: introduce the problem, explore importance of the problem, describe relevant scholarship, state hypotheses and their correspondence to research design Method: describes in detail how the study was conducted, including conceptual and operational definitions. Permits experienced investigators to replicate study. Identify subjects. Participants (subject) characteristics. Sampling procedures. Sample size, power, and precision. Measures and covariates. Research design. Experimental manipulations or interventions. Results: summarize the collected data and the analysis performed on those data relevant on the discourse that is to follow. Discussion: evaluate and interpret results Refercnes: acknowledges the work of previous scholars and provide a reliable way to locate it. Footnotes: provide additonal content or to acknowledge copyright permission status

Purpose of the method

To replicate your study

Purpose of the title

To summarize the main idea. Title should be fully explanatory when standing alone

When do you use the word percentage?

Use the symbol for percent only when it is preceded by a numeral. Use the word percentage when a number is not given. e.g., (found that 18% of the rats) (determined the percentage of rats) (p. 118)

What is included in the title

Variables you are studying, summarize the main idea

Accuracy

While clarity will help you to paint an accurate representation of past research, it is equally important that you understand it fully before you attempt to discuss it in your paper. If a set of researchers looked at only males as participants, it would be inaccurate to use their findings to argue a point about all people.

Completeness

You must follow through with each argument completely. Fully explain your idea, look at it from all angles and discuss those which are relevant or important to you. It is not enough to mention what a particular study did and use that to justify your own study. You must discuss the results of that study and the implications too. This does not mean you need to include every detail from every past study you look at- just whats relevant in your argument.

Purpose of the table

a. data readers will need to understand the the discussion b. the data necessary to provide the "sufficient set of statistics" to support the use of the inferential methods used -exploration -communication -calculation -storage -decoration

Which one is the correct form to write names of theories and models in the middle of a sentence?

cognitive behavioral therapy -No capitalization for theories. p. 102 Do no capitalize names of laws, theories, models, statistical procedures, or hypotheses. Also, capitalize proper nouns and adjective and words used as proper nouns. Proper adjective that have acquired a common meaning are not capitalized; consult Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (2005).

Proper grammatical rules are important, such as proper punctuation and transition words, to

convey ideas without interruption

Logical progression of ideas

each sentence should naturally and logically flow from the one before it. Likewise, each paragraph should transition into the next one. Finish one idea completely before you begin the next one: do not jump back and forth between multiple thoughts. Equally important is to avoid circular reasoning. If your study found that rats who ate cheddar cheese ran faster, your explanation for this occurring cannot be that they ran faster because of the cheddar cheese. Instead explain what it is specifically about the cheddar cheese that caused speediness.

In which section do you build your case to explain readers why you study is important?

introduction

The researchers were not happy about the data, so they decided to "throw participants under the bus" for the insignificant results. What happens when you conversational terms in your manuscript?

makes it hard to grasp the meaning

References (how did you build your reference page?)

ordering

What are 4 rules of capitalization?

p. 102 1. Words beginning a sentence 2. major words in titles and headings 3. proper nouns or trade names -ex: Freudian slip 4. nouns followed by numerals or letters -ex: On Day 2 of Experiment 4 5. Titles of tests -ex: Advanced Vocabulary Test 6. Names of conditions or groups in an experiment -ex: "Conditions A and B" but NOT "experimental and control groups" 7. Names of factors, variables, and effect -ex: Factors 6 and 7

What are the rules of numbers?

p. 111-113 -Use numerals to express numbers 10 and above and words to express number below 10. -Exception: use words for approximation of numbers of days, months, and years. (e.g., about three months ago) -Use commas between groups of three digits in most figures of 1,000 or more. -Exception: page numbers, binary digits, serial numbers, degrees of temperature, acoustic frequency designations, degrees -Exception: Use a combination of numerals and words to express back to back modifiers. Ex: 2 two-way interactions. ten 7-point scales -Exception: Treat ordinal numbers as you would cardinal numbers. Ex: (second-order factor=two orders) (the fourth graders=four grades) (the first item of the 75th trial=one item, 75 trials) (the first and third groups= one group, three groups)

What type of physical measurement does APA use?

p. 114-115 metric system: All references to physical measurements, where feasible, should be expressed in metric units. e.g., The rods were spaced 19mm apart. [Measurement was made in metric units.] The rod was 3ft (0.91 m) long. [Measurement was made in nonmetric units and converted to the rounded SI equivalent.]

What are the roles of table captions?

p. 158-160 -a concise explanation of the figure that is placed directly below the figure and serves as the title of the figure -serves both as an explanation of the figure and as a figure title; therefore the figure itself should not include a title. -Should be brief but descriptive figure Ex: Figure 3. Fixation duration as a function of the delay between the beginning of eye fixation and the onset of the stimulus in Experiment 1. A legend explains the symbols used in the figure; it is placed within the figure.

Which sections do you not start on a new page?

p. 228-229 -author note -method -results -discussion

What are the purposes of methods section?

p. 29 Describes in detail how the study was conducted, including conceptual and operational definitions of the variables in the study. It permits experienced investigators to replicate the study. -identify subsections -participant characteristics -sampling procedures -sample size, power, and precision -measures and covariates -research design -experimental manipulations or interventions includes: 1. Participants or subjects 2. materials or apparatus 3. Procedure 4. Design

What are the purposes of discussion section?

p. 35 -To examine, interpret, and qualify the results and draw inferences and conclusions from them. -evaluate and interpret the implication of the results with respect to your original hypotheses -emphasize any theoretical or practical consequences of the results -clear statement of the support or non support for your original hypothesis, distinguished by primary and secondary hypotheses. If not supported, offer post hoc explanations. -similarities and differences between your results and the work of others should be used to contextualize, confirm, and clarify your conclusions. a. sources of potential bias and other threats to internal validity b. the imprecision of measures c. the overall number of tests or overlap among tests d. the effect size observed e. other limitations or weaknesses of the study -importance of findings

Where do you write your purpose and hypothesis?

p. 35-36 -at the end of the introduction

Numeration

p.118. -percentage

What are the purposes of the introduction section?

p.26-27 1. Introduce the problem: Presents the specific problem under study and describes the research strategy. 2. explore importance of the problem: state why problem deserves new research 3. describe relevant scholarship: discuss the relevant related literature, but do not feel compelled to include an exhaustive historical account. 4. state hypotheses and their correspondence to research design: explain your approach to solving the problem The introduction provides the reader with the rationale for the study and shows how the study fits in with, and is a logical extension of, prior research. The entire reason for writing the introduction is to provide a foundation for the hypothese.

Purpose of the introduction

p.27 Answers the questions: 1. why is this problem important? 2. how does the study relate to previous work in the area? How does this report differ from, and build on, the earlier report? 3. What are the primary and secondary hypothesis and objectives of the study, and what, if any, are the links to the theory? 4. How do the hypothesis and research design relate to one another? 5. What are the theoretical and practical implications the study

Citation (for statistics, articles, and books etc.)

two by two pg. 117

Purpose of graphics

typically display the relationship between two quantitative indices or between a continuous quantitative variable (usually displayed as the y-axis) and group of subjects displayed along the x-axis