APB Ch. 1

a

A biologist reported that a sample of ocean water had 5 million diatoms of the species Coscinodiscus centralis per cubic meter. What was the biologist measuring? a. density b. dispersion c. carrying capacity d. quadrats e. range

community

A group of more than one population living in the same area

d

A toxic pollutant would probably reach its highest concentration in which species?

a

A. hawks B. snakes C. shrews D. grasshoppers E. grass Which group of these grassland organisms has the smallest biomass?

d

A. hawks B. snakes C. shrews D. grasshoppers E. grass Which of these grassland organisms is a herbivore?

a

A. hawks B. snakes C. shrews D. grasshoppers E. grass Which of these grassland organisms is a tertiary consumer?

e

A. hawks B. snakes C. shrews D. grasshoppers E. grass Which of these grassland organisms is an autotroph?

a

A. hawks B. snakes C. shrews D. grasshoppers E. grass Which of these grassland organisms probably contains the highest concentration of toxic pollutants (biological magnification)?

c

Any color, pattern, shape, or behavior that enables an animal to blend in with its surroundings Match the definition, description, or example with the correct term. a. aposematic coloration b. batesian mimicry c. camouflage d. mimicry e. mullerian mimicry

f

As a result of resource partitioning, certain characteristics may enable individuals to obtain resources in their partitions more successfully. Selection of these characteristics (or characters) reduces competition with individual in other partitions and leads to a divergence of features. Match the definition/description with the correct term a. character displacement b. competitive exclusion principle c. ecological niche d. fundamental niche e. realized niche f. resource partitioning

c

Autotrophs Identify the trophic level described above a. detritivores b. primary consumers c. primary producers d. secondary consumers e. tertiary consumers

biofilms

Community of microorganisms; different from free-floating or single organisms, which antibiotics work on

ecosystem

Community of organisms and all the physical characteristics that go with them

a

Conspicuous pattern or coloration of animals that warns predators that they sting, bit, taste bad, or are to be avoided Match the definition, description, or example with the correct term. a. aposematic coloration b. batesian mimicry c. camouflage d. mimicry e. mullerian mimicry

a

Consumers that obtain their energy by consuming dead plants and animals Identify the trophic level described above a. detritivores b. primary consumers c. primary producers d. secondary consumers e. tertiary consumers

c

Convert sun energy into chemical energy Identify the trophic level described above a. detritivores b. primary consumers c. primary producers d. secondary consumers e. tertiary consumers

c

Cryptic Coloration Match the definition, description, or example with the correct term. a. aposematic coloration b. batesian mimicry c. camouflage d. mimicry e. mullerian mimicry

a

Deceptive markings such as large, fake eyes or false heads Match the definition, description, or example with the correct term. a. aposematic coloration b. batesian mimicry c. camouflage d. mimicry e. mullerian mimicry

m

Identify each type of interaction as predation (p), competition (c), commensalism (co), mutualism (m), or parasitism (pa) Certain acacia trees provide food and housing for ants while the ants kill any insects or fungi found on the free

a

Which island would have the greatest number of species?

d

Eat primary carnivores Identify the trophic level described above a. detritivores b. primary consumers c. primary producers d. secondary consumers e. tertiary consumers

b

Eat primary producers Identify the trophic level described above a. detritivores b. primary consumers c. primary producers d. secondary consumers e. tertiary consumers

e

Eat secondary consumers Identify the trophic level described above a. detritivores b. primary consumers c. primary producers d. secondary consumers e. tertiary consumers

e

Effective because a single pattern, shared among several animals, is more easily learned by a predator Match the definition, description, or example with the correct term. a. aposematic coloration b. batesian mimicry c. camouflage d. mimicry e. mullerian mimicry

b

Effective only if model outnumbers mimic Match the definition, description, or example with the correct term. a. aposematic coloration b. batesian mimicry c. camouflage d. mimicry e. mullerian mimicry

NPP=GPP-Respiration

Equation for primary productivity

f

Five species of warblers coexist in spruce trees by feeding on insects in different regions of the tree and by using different feeding behaviors to obtain the insects Match the definition/description with the correct term a. character displacement b. competitive exclusion principle c. ecological niche d. fundamental niche e. realized niche f. resource partitioning

a

Fungi, bacteria, nematodes, earthworms, insects, scavengers Identify the trophic level described above a. detritivores b. primary consumers c. primary producers d. secondary consumers e. tertiary consumers

b

Gause's principle Match the definition/description with the correct term a. character displacement b. competitive exclusion principle c. ecological niche d. fundamental niche e. realized niche f. resource partitioning

b

Herbivores Identify the trophic level described above a. detritivores b. primary consumers c. primary producers d. secondary consumers e. tertiary consumers

p

Identify as true of primary (p) or secondary (s) succession Begins in a virtually lifeless area where the soil has not yet formed

s

Identify as true of primary (p) or secondary (s) succession Begins in habitats where communities were entirely or partially destroyed

s

Identify as true of primary (p) or secondary (s) succession Succession in lakes and ponds

s

Identify as true of primary (p) or secondary (s) succession Succession on abandoned cropland

p

Identify as true of primary (p) or secondary (s) succession Succession that occurs on volcanic islands, on lava flows, and on rocks left by retreating glaciers

p

Identify as true of primary (p) or secondary (s) succession Usually begins with the establishment of lichens

m

Identify each type of interaction as predation (p), competition (c), commensalism (co), mutualism (m), or parasitism (pa) +/+ interaction

p

Identify each type of interaction as predation (p), competition (c), commensalism (co), mutualism (m), or parasitism (pa) +/- interaction

co

Identify each type of interaction as predation (p), competition (c), commensalism (co), mutualism (m), or parasitism (pa) +/0 interaction

c

Identify each type of interaction as predation (p), competition (c), commensalism (co), mutualism (m), or parasitism (pa) -/- interaction

p

Identify each type of interaction as predation (p), competition (c), commensalism (co), mutualism (m), or parasitism (pa) Animals eating plants

co

Identify each type of interaction as predation (p), competition (c), commensalism (co), mutualism (m), or parasitism (pa) Cow birds and cattle egrets feed on insects flushed out of the grass by grazing bison, cattle, horses, and other herbivores

m

Identify each type of interaction as predation (p), competition (c), commensalism (co), mutualism (m), or parasitism (pa) Digestion of cellulose by microorganisms in the digestive systems of termites and ruminant mammals

m

Identify each type of interaction as predation (p), competition (c), commensalism (co), mutualism (m), or parasitism (pa) Interaction is beneficial to both species

p/pa

Identify each type of interaction as predation (p), competition (c), commensalism (co), mutualism (m), or parasitism (pa) Interaction is beneficial to one species and detrimental to the other

c

Identify each type of interaction as predation (p), competition (c), commensalism (co), mutualism (m), or parasitism (pa) Interaction is detrimental to both species

m

Identify each type of interaction as predation (p), competition (c), commensalism (co), mutualism (m), or parasitism (pa) Lichens

p

Identify each type of interaction as predation (p), competition (c), commensalism (co), mutualism (m), or parasitism (pa) Lion eating a zebra

m

Identify each type of interaction as predation (p), competition (c), commensalism (co), mutualism (m), or parasitism (pa) Nitrogen fixation of by bacteria in the root nodules of legumes

co

Identify each type of interaction as predation (p), competition (c), commensalism (co), mutualism (m), or parasitism (pa) One species benefits from the interaction but the other is unaffected

p/pa

Identify each type of interaction as predation (p), competition (c), commensalism (co), mutualism (m), or parasitism (pa) Parasitism

m

Identify each type of interaction as predation (p), competition (c), commensalism (co), mutualism (m), or parasitism (pa) Photosynthesis by unicellular protists in the tissues of corals

pa

Identify each type of interaction as predation (p), competition (c), commensalism (co), mutualism (m), or parasitism (pa) Tapeworm living inside the intestine of an animal

c

Identify each type of interaction as predation (p), competition (c), commensalism (co), mutualism (m), or parasitism (pa) When populations of two or more species in a community rely on similar limiting resources

pa

Identify each type of interaction as predation (p), competition (c), commensalism (co), mutualism (m), or parasitism (pa) insect that lays its eggs on a living host

b

In a tide pool, 15 species of invertebrates were reduced to eight after one species was removed. The species removed was likely a a. community facilitator b. keystone species c. herbivore d. resource partitioner e. mutualistic organism

c

In the nitrogen cycle, the bacteria that replenish the atmosphere with N2 are a. Rhizobium bacteria b. nitrifying bacteria c. denitrifying bacteria d. methanogenic protozoans e. nitrogen-fixing bacteria

e

Letter A Identify the trophic level described above a. detritivores b. primary consumers c. primary producers d. secondary consumers e. tertiary consumers

e

Letter B Identify the trophic level described above a. detritivores b. primary consumers c. primary producers d. secondary consumers e. tertiary consumers

e

Letter C Identify the trophic level described above a. detritivores b. primary consumers c. primary producers d. secondary consumers e. tertiary consumers

d

Letters D, E, and F Identify the trophic level described above a. detritivores b. primary consumers c. primary producers d. secondary consumers e. tertiary consumers

b

Letters G, H, I, and J Identify the trophic level described above a. detritivores b. primary consumers c. primary producers d. secondary consumers e. tertiary consumers

c

Letters K, L, and M Identify the trophic level described above a. detritivores b. primary consumers c. primary producers d. secondary consumers e. tertiary consumers

cryptic coloration

Makes prey difficult to spot; aka camouflage

a

Many toxic or unpalatable animals are conspicuously colored Match the definition, description, or example with the correct term. a. aposematic coloration b. batesian mimicry c. camouflage d. mimicry e. mullerian mimicry

f

Niche shift Match the definition/description with the correct term a. character displacement b. competitive exclusion principle c. ecological niche d. fundamental niche e. realized niche f. resource partitioning

d

Nitrogen cycle: match the description with the correct term a. ammonification b. assimilation c. denitrification d. nitrification e. nitrogen-fixation Bacteria convert ammonium (NH+4) into nitrites (NO-2) and nitrates (NO-3)

c

Nitrogen cycle: match the description with the correct term a. ammonification b. assimilation c. denitrification d. nitrification e. nitrogen-fixation Bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas

a

Nitrogen cycle: match the description with the correct term a. ammonification b. assimilation c. denitrification d. nitrification e. nitrogen-fixation Decomposers and some nitrogen-fixing bacteria produce ammonium (NH+4)

b

Nitrogen cycle: match the description with the correct term a. ammonification b. assimilation c. denitrification d. nitrification e. nitrogen-fixation Plants absorb nitrates from the soil and animals eat plants or other animals to obtain nitrogen-containing compounds

e

Nitrogen cycle: match the description with the correct term a. ammonification b. assimilation c. denitrification d. nitrification e. nitrogen-fixation Soil bacteria or bacteria in the soil convert nitrogen gas (N2) into usable forms

eat plants

Phosphorus Cycle: How do animals obtain (assimilate) phosphorus?

weathered rocks taken up by producers

Phosphorus Cycle: How do plants obtain (assimilate) phosphorus?

sedimentary rocks

Phosphorus Cycle: What acts as the reservoirs of phosphorus in the environment?

return phosphate to soil or water

Phosphorus Cycle: What is the role of decomposers in the phosphorus cycle?

c

Plants, photosynthetic protists, cyanobacteria, chemosynthetic bacteria Identify the trophic level described above a. detritivores b. primary consumers c. primary producers d. secondary consumers e. tertiary consumers

d

Primary carnivores Identify the trophic level described above a. detritivores b. primary consumers c. primary producers d. secondary consumers e. tertiary consumers

a

Red or orange frogs Match the definition, description, or example with the correct term. a. aposematic coloration b. batesian mimicry c. camouflage d. mimicry e. mullerian mimicry

e

Secondary carnivores Identify the trophic level described above a. detritivores b. primary consumers c. primary producers d. secondary consumers e. tertiary consumers

b

Some defenseless flies have yellow and black markings Match the definition, description, or example with the correct term. a. aposematic coloration b. batesian mimicry c. camouflage d. mimicry e. mullerian mimicry

c

Some plants escape predation because they have the shape and coloration of the surrounding rocks Match the definition, description, or example with the correct term. a. aposematic coloration b. batesian mimicry c. camouflage d. mimicry e. mullerian mimicry

f

Some species coexist in spite of apparent competition for the same resources. Closer study reveals that they occupy slightly different niches; dividing up the resources by pursuing slightly different resources or securing resources in slightly different ways. Match the definition/description with the correct term a. character displacement b. competitive exclusion principle c. ecological niche d. fundamental niche e. realized niche f. resource partitioning

coevolution

The change of a biological object triggered by the change of a related object; 2 organisms evolve to need each other in some capacity; ex. cheetah and Thompson Gazelle

c

The fur of the snowshoe hare is white during the winter allowing it to blend into its snowy environment Match the definition, description, or example with the correct term. a. aposematic coloration b. batesian mimicry c. camouflage d. mimicry e. mullerian mimicry

b

The larva of the hawkmoth puffs up its head and thorax when disturbed, looking like the head of a small poisonous snake Match the definition, description, or example with the correct term. a. aposematic coloration b. batesian mimicry c. camouflage d. mimicry e. mullerian mimicry

c

The larvae of certain moths are colored so that they look like bird droppings Match the definition, description, or example with the correct term. a. aposematic coloration b. batesian mimicry c. camouflage d. mimicry e. mullerian mimicry

e

The resources a population actually uses Match the definition/description with the correct term a. character displacement b. competitive exclusion principle c. ecological niche d. fundamental niche e. realized niche f. resource partitioning

d

The resources a population uses in the absence of competitors or under ideal circumstances. Match the definition/description with the correct term a. character displacement b. competitive exclusion principle c. ecological niche d. fundamental niche e. realized niche f. resource partitioning

b

The species richness of a community refers to the a. number of food chains b. number of different species c. energy content of all species d. relative numbers of individuals in each species e. total number of all organisms

c

The sum total of the organism's use of the biotic and abiotic resources in its environment. Match the definition/description with the correct term a. character displacement b. competitive exclusion principle c. ecological niche d. fundamental niche e. realized niche f. resource partitioning

b

There are more species in tropical areas than in places farther from the equator. This is probably a result of a. fewer predators b. a longer growing season c. fewer major disturbances d. B and C only e. all of the above

b

To measure the population density of monarch butterflies occupying a particular park, 100 butterflies are captured, marked with a small dot on a wing, and then released. The next day, another 100 butterflies are captured, including the recapture of 20 marked butterflies. One would estimate the population to be a. 200 b. 500 c. 1,000 d. 10,000 e. 900,000

a

Two species of finches that live on two different islands have similar beaks, both suited for using the same food supply (seeds). On a third island, they coexist, but due to evolution, the beak of each bird species is different. This minimizes competition by enabling each finch to feed on seeds of a different size. Match the definition/description with the correct term a. character displacement b. competitive exclusion principle c. ecological niche d. fundamental niche e. realized niche f. resource partitioning

batesian mimicry

Unharmful species mimics a harmful species

a

Warning coloration Match the definition, description, or example with the correct term. a. aposematic coloration b. batesian mimicry c. camouflage d. mimicry e. mullerian mimicry

aposematic coloration

Warns predators to stay away from prey; ex. poison dart frog

condensation

Water cycle: gas to liquid; removed H2O from the atmosphere

evaporation

Water cycle: liquid to gas; adds H2O to the atmosphere

primary producers

What is the source of energy for the primary consumers?

sun

What is the source of energy for the primary producers?

primary consumers

What is the source of energy for the secondary consumers?

secondary consumers

What is the source of energy for the tertiary consumers?

b

When an animal without any special defense mechanism mimics the coloration of an animal that does possess a defense Match the definition, description, or example with the correct term. a. aposematic coloration b. batesian mimicry c. camouflage d. mimicry e. mullerian mimicry

a

When animals eat plants a. herbivory b. parasitism c. parasitoidism d. predation

c

When lichens grow on bare rock, they may eventually accumulate enough organic material around them to supply the foothold for later rooted vegetation. These early pioneering lichens can be said to do what to the later arrivals? a. tolerate b. inhibit c. facilitate d. exclude e. concentrate

d

When one animal kills and eats another a. herbivory b. parasitism c. parasitoidism d. predation

c

When one animal lays eggs on another living organism a. herbivory b. parasitism c. parasitoidism d. predation

b

When one organism lives on or inside another living organism a. herbivory b. parasitism c. parasitoidism d. predation

e

When several animals, all with some special defense mechanism, share the same coloration. Match the definition, description, or example with the correct term. a. aposematic coloration b. batesian mimicry c. camouflage d. mimicry e. mullerian mimicry

e

When two or more species resemble one another in appearance Match the definition, description, or example with the correct term. a. aposematic coloration b. batesian mimicry c. camouflage d. mimicry e. mullerian mimicry

b

When two species compete for exactly the same resources (or occupy the same niche), one is likely to be more successful. One species outcompetes the other and eventually the second species is eliminated. Match the definition/description with the correct term a. character displacement b. competitive exclusion principle c. ecological niche d. fundamental niche e. realized niche f. resource partitioning

oysters: e chipmunks: c elephants: a

Which curve best describes survivorship in oysters, chipmunks, and elephants? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E

b

Which of the following is a density-independent factor limiting human population growth? a. social pressure for birth control b. earthquakes c. plagues d. famines e. pollution

a

Which of the following is least likely to kill the organism it feeds on? a. herbivore b. predator c. seed eater d. carnivore e. parasite

b

Which of the following levels of organization is arranged in the correct sequence from most to least inclusive? a. community, ecosystem, individual, population b. ecosystem, community, population, individual c. population, ecosystem, individual, community d. individual, population, community, ecosystem e. individual, community, population, ecosystem

c

Which of the following statements about the logistic model of population growth is incorrect? a. it fits an S-shaped curve b. it incorporates the concept of carrying capacity c. it describes population density shifts over time d. it accurately predicts the growth of most populations e. it predicts an eventual state in which birth rate equals death rate

b

Which population is in the process of decreasing? a. I b. II c. III d. I and II e. II and III

a

Which species is autotrophic?

e

Which species is most likely the decomposer?

c

With a few exceptions, most of the food chains studied by ecologists have a maximum of how many links? a. 2 b. 3 c. 5 d. 10 e. 15

e

Yellow and black markings on bees, yellow jackets, and wasps Match the definition, description, or example with the correct term. a. aposematic coloration b. batesian mimicry c. camouflage d. mimicry e. mullerian mimicry

ecological succession

_______________ is new growth different from previous growth

food web

a branching food chain with complex trophic interactions

mutualism

interspecific interaction that benefits both species

parasitism

one organism derives its nourishment from another organism, its host, which is harmed in the process

commensalism

one species benefits and the other is not affected

endoparasites

parasites that live on the inside of their host

ectoparasites

parasites that live on the outside of their host

trophic structure

the feeding relationships between organisms in a community; key factor in community dynamics

species diversity

the variety of different kinds of organisms that make up the community; has two components: species richness (total number of different species in the community) and relative abundance (the proportion each species represents of the total individuals in the community)

mullerian

two harmful species look alike