Apes Ch. 15

On an annual basis, the per capita electricity usage in Ethiopia is approximately what percent of the per capita electricity usage in the United States?

.2

If an incandescent lightbulb used for lighting has an efficiency rating of 5 percent, then for every 1.00 joule of electrical energy consumed by the bulb, which of the following is produced?

0.05 joules of light energy

In what year was the fraction of energy supplied by coal the greatest?

1910

Burning one gallon of gasoline in a car releases approximately 20 pounds of CO2 into the atmosphere. One person drives 60,000 miles in a car that averages 30 miles per gallon (mpg), while another person drives 60,000 miles in a car that averages 20 mpg. Over the course of the 60,000 miles, how many fewer pounds of CO2 are released by the 30 mpg car than by the 20 mpg car?

20,000

A sample of radioactive waste has a half-life of 10 years and an activity level of 2 curies. After how many years will the activity level of this sample be 0.25 curie?

30 Years

How many BTUs were consumed in the United States in 2017 by consumers that used petroleum as a fuel source?

36 quadrillion BTUs

Purity is a major factor in determining the type of coal used for energy. Which of the following types of coal are correctly paired with a description of its purity and common use?

Anthracite is considered the highest grade coal because it is almost pure carbon, and it is often used for domestic heating.

Rock layer that must have very low to no permeability

B

Which of the following is the current recommendation of Congress for the permanent storage of high-level radioactive waste in the United States?

Burial deep underground at sites remote from population centers

Which of the following statements does not apply to burning coal?

Burning coal has led to very limited reserves.

Rock layer that must be rich in organic matter that was subjected to heat and pressure over time during the formation of oil and natural gas.

C

Which of the following describes an environmental problem that can result from the combustion of fossil fuels to generate electricity?

Carbon dioxide is a product of the combustion fossil fuels, and it can lead to global climate change when released into the atmosphere.

Which of the following is the primary environmental problem associated with the use of nuclear power to generate electricity?

Disposal of radioactive waste

This region has been the largest petroleum exporter for the past four decades.

E

Which of the following is the most valid inference regarding electricity production, based on the graph above?

Electricity production from coal began to decrease in 2008 because of the increasing use of natural gas and renewable energy.

After the Industrial Revolution, the use of fossil fuels increased significantly. Despite the documented environmental effects of these resources and the availability of renewable resources, the use of nonrenewable sources continues. Which of the following statements best explains why there is continued widespread use of nonrenewable fossil fuels in energy production in the United States?

Established technology and transportation infrastructure for fossil fuels allows these resources to be converted into energy to meet consumer demand.

Which of the following best describes an environmental problem associated with hydrologic fracturing, or fracking?

Fracking fluids can escape from the drill hole and contaminate surface water and groundwater.

Which of the following correctly pairs a region with its percent increase in electricity demand between 2016 and 2040?

India; 227%

Which of the following is true of natural gas?

It emits less carbon dioxide than other fossil fuels.

Which of the following is a benefit of using natural gas?

It is cleaner-burning than coal.

Natural gas, a nonrenewable fossil fuel, is often seen as an alternative fuel in the worldwide transition to a renewable energy future. Which of the following statements best explains why natural gas is often used as a fuel when countries are transitioning from nonrenewable to renewable energy sources?

Natural gas burns more efficiently and cleanly than other sources of carbon-based fossil fuels, thus contributing to a reduction in atmospheric carbon dioxide.

The source that produces long-lived hazardous wastes

Nuclear Fission

Nuclear power is a component of the line labeled "Other" in the graph. Why is it impossible for nuclear energy to completely replace oil and gas in the future?

Nuclear power can supply electricity, but it cannot replace other uses of oil and gas.

According to the figure above, very little _____ is/are used to generate electricity.

Oil

Of the following sources, which supplies the most commercial energy in the world today?

Oil

The point at which pressure in a well begins to drop and production begins to decline is called the ____.

Peak Production

The worst nuclear power accident in the United States occurred in 1979 in what state?

Pennsylvania

Which statement best describes the approximate global distribution of coal supplies?

The United States, the former Soviet Union, and China together contain 50% of proven reserves.

According to the data plotted in the graph above, which of the following is true about the increase in world fossil fuel consumption between 1965 and 1980?

The increase in oil consumption outpaced the increases in coal and natural gas consumption.

Although nuclear energy is considered a cleaner energy source than fossil fuels, some scientists argue this does not support the claim that nuclear energy is renewable. Which of the following claims best supports the argument that nuclear energy is a nonrenewable energy source?

The uranium deposits on Earth are finite.

In what location would you most expect to find methane hydrate gas?

Tundra permafrost

Which of the following gases is released from the structure labeled C in the diagram?

Water Vapor

The major accident at the nuclear power plant in 2011 in Japan was caused by

a tsunami

Nuclear power advocates contend that increased use of nuclear power decreases what type of emission that contributes to climate change?

carbon dioxide

All of the following substances are derived from petroleum EXCEPT

cellulose

An advantage of using natural gas, rather than oil, as a fuel is that natural gas is

cleaner because it burns more completely

Currently, oil has a high net energy ratio because it ____.

comes from cheap-to-extract deposits

Using a mixture of water, sand, and chemicals under high pressure to free tightly held oil and natural gas is known as ____.

fracking

How is coal formed?

from 300 to 400 million year old plant remains

Oil shale and tar sand as energy sources have some advantages. What is not one of these?

high net energy yield

Which of the following is true of nuclear powered electricity generation?

low CO2 emissions

By 2011, the growing supply of natural gas led to ____ in the United States.

lower natural gas prices

Which of the following is the primary gas in natural gas?

methane

What is the total amount of high-quality energy available after the energy needed to make it available is subtracted?

net energy

If natural gas prices remain affordable, increased production would ____.

reduce the use of coal-burning plants

Coal has a huge environmental impact because of it

release of carbon, which contributes to global climate change.

Any energy resource with a low or negative net energy yield cannot compete in the open marketplace with other energy alternatives with high net energy yields unless it is ____.

subsidized by the government or some other funding source

The reason three-fourths of the world's oil sand is found in Alberta, Canada, is because

there is the righ combination of clay, sand, oil, and bitumen.

Compared to a coal-fired power plant that produces the same amount of energy, a nuclear power plant generates more

thermal pollution