APES Chapter 13 Module

Which of the following is a method that governments use to improve urban transportation?

Designate lanes as carpool-only.

A resource sink is ________.

an area that produces almost none of the things that it needs

Greenways ________.

are links that provides pathways for wildlife to travel between parks and preserves

What information is provided on the x-axis?

area per person, in square meters

What is the major factor driving the move to the suburbs from cities?

desire to live in less crowded, more peaceful conditions

How do the speakers in the video hope to treat waste generated by cities of the future?

They plan to rely more on recycling and upcycling.

In which nation or region do cities have the highest degree of urban sprawl?

United States

Which of the following follows the philosophy of "building up, not out"?

smart growth

the spread of low-density urban or suburban development outward from an urban center

sprawl

Another Dutch island wishes to achieve green energy independence by 2025. What is their goal?

To generate more energy from renewables than it consumes overall.

Which of the following consume the bulk of the electricity used in the United States?

buildings

According to this study, which of the following is most likely?

A person who commutes by car in a large city will have more oxidative stress than a comparable person who does not commute.

Which of the following is true regarding Dutch water management?

The focus is on keeping water out and on letting water in depending on the location.

You are assigned to study car exhaust. Which of the following can you expect to find?

The makeup of exhaust changes quickly during a commute.

City X has decided to become more sustainable. It is a bustling urban center in a developed country. What should city planners in City X focus on in order to make the city more sustainable?

invest in resource-efficient technologies

In developing nations such as India and Nigeria, ________.

rural people are moving to the cities in large numbers

One group proposes to convert the base to a new city suburb, with low-cost housing for several thousand of the current inner-city residents. A possible major problem with this might be ________.

the lack of jobs in the new suburb

A city undergoing gentrification is experiencing ________.

the loss of working-class people from traditional neighborhoods as housing prices become too expensive

Since 2009, for the first time ever more people in the world were living in _____ areas than _____ areas.

urban; rural

The shift from rural to urban living

urbanization

Which of the following guides infrastructure development to manage flooding in the Netherlands?

water boards

If the island of Monhegan decides to pursue renewable energy as Samso did, which of the following will be used to generate electricity?

wind and solar

The practice of classifying areas for different types of development and land use

zoning

_____ classifies areas for different types of land use.

zoning

The graph shows the different trends in population growth in less developed regions of the world versus more developed regions of the world. Solid lines in the graph indicate past data, and dashed lines indicate future projections. (Projections of data are based on models, simulations, or extrapolations from past data.) According to the projected data, after what year will the majority of people in less developed regions be living in urban areas?

2018

You are an environmental engineer focused on the most difficult type of energy consumption to convert to renewable. What are you working on?

transportation

What does UGB stand for?

urban growth boundary

How can urbanization threaten communities and landscapes?

increased traffic jams

The operating costs for transportation ________.

indicate that, when all operating costs are included, rail is the most sensible means of transport

Which of the following is true?

There is likely more air pollution in a car during a commute on a sunny day.

Designing neighborhoods on a walkable scale

new urbanism

Which of the following is true?

A driver is exposed to more air pollution when commuting on a warm day than a cold day.

Which of the following statements are supported by the graph? Select all that apply.

- In 2050, urban populations in less developed regions are projected to reach 5 billion. - Rural populations are projected to drop in both more developed and less developed regions. - In 2050, rural populations in less developed regions are projected to drop below 3 billion. - In 1950, urban populations in more developed regions and less developed regions were almost equal.

It has been demonstrated that ectotherms (such as insects and reptiles) in warm climates tolerate higher temperatures than ectotherms in cooler climates. Angilletta hypothesized that urban heat islands could lead to similar differences in heat tolerance between urban and rural populations of leaf-cutter ants. He predicted that ants in urban areas would tolerate heat better than ants in nearby rural areas. Select the two best experimental designs for comparing the thermal tolerance of ants in urban areas to ants in nearby rural areas.

- Measure the heat tolerance of many ants of the same species as a function of the distance they live from a city center. - Measure the heat tolerance of many ants of the same species from a city center and from a rural area in the same region.

Use the labels to do the following: - match each description with the appropriate graph. - indicate how well each graph supports the hypothesis Graph 4

- The population became less heat tolerant over time - The hypothesis is not supported

Use the labels to do the following: - match each description with the appropriate graph. - indicate how well each graph supports the hypothesis Graph 1

- The population became more heat tolerant over time - The hypothesis is strongly supported

Use the labels to do the following: - match each description with the appropriate graph. - indicate how well each graph supports the hypothesis Graph 2

- The population became slightly more heat tolerant over time - The hypothesis is weakly supported

Use the labels to do the following: - match each description with the appropriate graph. - indicate how well each graph supports the hypothesis Graph 3

- There was no change in the population's heat tolerance over time - The hypothesis is not supported

What is specifically restricted outside of urban growth boundaries (UGBs) as mentioned in the video concerning the UGS put into place in 2007?

-Water use is restricted through rationing. -The 2007 UGB restricts development that is on a large scale or that impacts sensitive natural areas outside its boundaries.

The following graphs are possible results from Angilletta's experiment. Match each description with the appropriate graph. Graph 2

Ants from urban locations tolerate heat slightly more than ants from rural location

Which of the following is true?

An increase in oxidative stress causes an increased risk of some diseases.

The following graphs are possible results from Angilletta's experiment. Match each description with the appropriate graph. Graph 4

Ants from urban locations tolerate heat less than ants from rural locations.

The following graphs are possible results from Angilletta's experiment. Match each description with the appropriate graph. Graph 1

Ants from urban locations tolerate heat more than ants from rural locations

The following graphs are possible results from Angilletta's experiment. Match each description with the appropriate graph. Graph 3

Ants from urban locations tolerate heat slightly less than ants from rural locations.

Which of the following statements is supported by the graph?

As urban sprawl increases, automobile use also increases.

How do the rates of land use and gasoline consumption in Australian cities compare with those in U.S. cities?

At any level of per capita land consumption, people in U.S. cities use more gasoline than those in Australian cities.

Which of the following can be inferred from the data shown in parts (a) and (b) of the figure?

Buses are inefficient when there are few people riding on them.

Which of the following is a positive effect that cities have on the environment?

Cities give people places to live with smaller land use.

Which of the following would Henk Ovink be most likely to recommend to the city of Hoboken, New Jersey to deal with future flooding?

Create more city parks.

What do the orange dots represent?

European cities

Which of the following ideas was suggested by speakers in the video?

Future cities should repurpose compacted metal as building blocks for buildings.

In which city do individuals have the highest rate of gasoline consumption?

Houston

What is an urban growth boundary (UGB)?

It is a line on a map separating regions open to urban development from rural areas.

Pat and Terry are considering moving from near the center of a large city into the suburbs. Which of the following discussion points is valid?

It will be easier to have a place for a vegetable garden if they move to the suburbs.

In order to best emulate Samso, a community would need which of the following?

Land to grow biomass.

Which of the following best summarizes the future plans for cities?

Make cities self-sufficient.

Why have the Dutch been so far ahead of the rest of the world when it comes to managing water?

Much of their country is below sea level.

What is true about the importance of location for cities that were founded over 100 years ago versus the cities that are rapidly growing today?

Older cities were founded along waterways or rail hubs so goods could be easily transported.

The price of electricity generated from wind has followed the same pattern in the United States as in Denmark. Which of the following has happened?

Prices have been dropping.

The following graphs are possible results from Angilletta's experiment. Match each description with the appropriate graph. Graph 5

There is little to no difference in the heat tolerance of ants from each type of location.

The following graphs are possible results from Angilletta's experiment. Match each description with the appropriate graph. Graph 6

There was a flaw in the experimental design.

Which of the following is an example of a "new urbanist" neighborhood?

a neighborhood in which people can live, work, eat, and shop all within walking distance

What is a light rail system?

a smaller rail system powered by electricity

Commuter towns, generally populated by affluent individuals, lying some distance from a central city

exurbs

You are the mayor of Nashville and are interested in reducing the chance of flooding following heavy rains. Which of the following would be best for your city to subsidize?

green roofs

The urban heat island effect is caused by ________.

heat-generating buildings and dark, heat-absorbing surfaces

Worldwide, the fastest growing cities today are mostly ________.

in developing nations, such as Delhi, India

While Kayla is driving along a busy highway just outside a major city, she suddenly comes to a standstill in traffic. For the first time ever, she notices that alongside the highway are stretches of forest and wetland. She hears the noise of frogs and insects and birds that she never would have noticed if not trapped in traffic. Kayla never noticed these natural wonders on her route because of _____.

noise pollution

Is the following statement supported or not supported by the data shown in the graph? The amount of gasoline used by each person generally decreases as per capita land consumption increases.

not supported

It costs less to operate an automobile in a small city than in a large city because ________.

people generally drive fewer miles to and from work in a small city than in a large city

From the 1950-1990s, many cities experienced a loss in population as people left for the suburbs. All of these are factors that led to this migration EXCEPT __________.

people sought out the better public transportation options present in the suburbs

Which of the following approaches help congested cities best deal with the problems related to transportation?

provide access to rail and bus transportation in the inner city or other high-density areas

Broad land-use strategy that encompasses several cities and adjoining nonurban areas

regioinal planning

Air travel, the Internet, cheap fossil fuels, and television all have allowed people to ________.

remain connected while living in less centralized locations

From where does New York City get its drinking water?

reservoirs far to the northwest of the city

This figure shows the chloride concentration in Baltimore-area streams. What is the main source of the chloride shown in the figure?

road salt

Residential/commercial communities that ring larger cities

suburbs

The birth of _____ initiated the phenomenon of sprawl.

suburbs

The greatest general problem with suburbs is ________.

that they spread environmental impact over a larger area

Which of the following is a problem that occurs within cities because of the concentrated use of energy in buildings and vehicles and the large amount of dark surfaces that absorb solar energy?

the urban heat island effect

One of the speakers in the video made an analogy between a city and a very large tree. In this analogy, the root system of the tree was compared to __________.

the way soils, air, and water are needed to sustain people in the city

LEED-certified buildings could be described in all of the following ways, EXCEPT ________.

their construction usually costs less than for conventional buildings