APES Chapter 15 Test Review

Lakukan tugas rumah & ujian kamu dengan baik sekarang menggunakan Quizwiz!

How is stratospheric ozone made?

1)UV-C breaks up oxygen molecule 2) A free oxygen atom encounters an oxygen molecule, and they form ozone 3) UV-B and UV-c can break up the new ozone molecule and form molecular oxygen and a free atom again

What is a VOC and give an example

A VOC is an organic compound that evaporates at typical atmospheric temperatures. Many are hydrocarbons, such as gasoline, perfume, lighter fluid, dry-cleaning fluid, and oil based paints. Not all are necessarily hazardous. GIven off by conifer trees

What is sick building syndrome?

A buildup of toxic pollutants in an airtight space, seen in newer buildings

What are teh characteristics of sulfur dioxide?

A corrosive gas. Causes respiratory irritation

What is asbestos and how did it cause so many problems?

A long, thin, fibrous silicate mineral with insulating properties. When people disturbed the asbestos or it broke down, it became airborne. Can cause cancer or respiratory disease

How are primary and secindary pollutants different?

A primary pollutant comes straight from its source, a secondary pollutant has undergone a transformation through exposure to sunlight, water oxygen...

How does a thermal inversion happen?

A warm layer of air moves over a cool layer of air and gets trapped by a cool layer of air

What is the major source of indoor air pollution in developing countries?

Burning of biomass such as wood or manure indoors with little ventilation

Which compound is linked to the degradation of statospheric ozone?

CFCs

How does smog affect human health?

Can affect the respiratory system and sight

What are some problems with acid deposition?

Can cause mental and reproductive issues in animals, mobilization of metals, erosion

How does particulate pollution affect people?

Can exacerbate respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and reduce lung function. Can cause premature death. Reduces visibility

What two countries have the most cities with the worst air pollution?

China and India

Which law has influence over over the amount of acid deposition/precipitation?

Clean Air Act

What are the characteristics of CO?

Colorless, odorless

What are the anthropogenic sources of carbon dioxide?

Combustion of fossil fuels and clearing of land

How does sulfur dioxide get into the atmosphere?

Comes primarily from the combustion of fuels such as a coal and oil. Also released during volcanic eruptions and in smaller amounts during forest fires

From the case study at the beginning of the chapter, how does the location of Chattanooga make it more susceptible to pollution?

Considering the city is in a river basin surrounded by mountains, the pollution gets trapped

How can cities reduce the amount of smog?

Control the emissions of the pollutants, restrict car use, reduction of wood burning stoves, reduce bakeries

What is a natural source of nitrogen oxides?

Forest fires, lightning, microbial actio in soil.

How can particulate matter emissions be controlled?

Gravitational settling, fabric filters, scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators

How does smog form?

In the presence of sulfur and nitrogen oxides, photochemical oxidants can enhance the formation of particulate matter, which contributes to scattering light. This is smog

Why is radon considered an indoor air pollutant?

It can seep in through cracks in a house's foundation or basement. Can bond to dust and stays in home. Requires ventilation

How can large volcanic eruptions disrupt photosynthesis worldwide?

It contributes to particulate matter, which absorbs or scatteres light, reducing productivity of plants

Why is stratospheric ozone important?

It filters out and abosorbs harmful UV rays

What are the characteristics of gasoline that make it a VOC?

It is a hydrocarbon that gives off a strong aroma from chemicals being released into the air

Why is carbon monoxide so dangerous to humans?

It is colorless and odorless so it can't be detected. It bonds to hemoglobin, interferring with blood flow. Causes headaches at low concentrations. Death at high concentrations

What does smog do to light?

It reduces and scatters the light

What are the causes of indoor air pollution?

Little ventilation, leaky heaters or air conditioners, certain objects or products can create indoor air pollution

Which metal air pollutant is released primarily through the combustion of coal?

Mercury

What agreement deals with the elimination of CFCs?

Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer

What is a man-made source of nitrogen oxides?

Motor vehicles and stationary combustion of fossil fuels

What are the characterisitics of NOx?

NO: Colorless, odorless gas NO2: pungent, reddish-brown

Which pollutants do catalytic converters remove?

Nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide

What are the secondary pollutants in photochemical smog?

Ozone

What kind of air pollutants need sunlight in order to form?

Photochemical oxidants

How are photochemical smog and sulfurous smog different?

Photochemical smog is dominated by oxidants. Sukfurous smog is dominated by sulfur dioxide or sulfate components

What is the sequence of events that lead to acid deposition

Pollutants are released into the atmosphere, are transformed into secondary pollutants, continue to break down, eventually deposited through precipitation

What strategies have been used to reduce ground level pollutants?

Reduce or limit the use of the emitters. Restrict gasoline and lighter fluid, limit automobile use. Limit wood burning stoves, increase public transportation

What are some of the problems assosciated with brown smog?

Reduces lung function and causes lung symptoms. Degrading to plant surfaces. Damages plastic and rubber.

What are sources of particulate matter and its effects?

SOURCES: Combustion of coal, oil, diesel, and biofuels. Agriculture, road construction, activities that disrupt dirt, soil, or dust

How can people protect themselves against excessive UV exposure?

Stay clothed, wear sunscreen, limit prolonged exposure, find shade, wear sunglasses

What are the six criteria pollutants under the clean air act?

Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, Carbon monoxide, lead, ozone, particulate matter

Why is air pollution considered to be a global system?

The atmosphere is a major repository for pollution, and since it surrounds the whole globe, we must think of it as a global system

When is the thinning of the ozone layer the greatest?

The beginning of the evening when sunlight decreases. Ozone depletion august-november in Antarctic

Why is indoor air pollution a problem?

The building is a closed system so the pollutants can build up and the occupants can be harmed

Why are sulfates considered to be secondary pollutants?

Their primary pollutants are released into the air and react with water and oxygen to create secondary pollutants

What is the purpose of the sulfur allowance provision in the Acid Rain Program of the Clean Air Act?

To reduce the amount of SO2 emissions from factories by having allowances bought and sold on a public market.

What types of emissions need to be limited if we are going to control tropospheric ozone?

VOCs and NOx emissions

In what products would you find formaldehyde?

Variety of building products, pressed wood, carpeting glue.

Why is ground level ozone classified as a pollutant?

When VOCs are present, nitrogen oxide bonds with the VOCs instead of the ozone. This leads to ozone accumulation

How do CFCs affect ozone production?

When chlorine is presen, it can attach to an oxygen in an ozone molecule, breaking the bond between the atom and the molecule, and forming chlorine monoxide.

How can nitrogen oxide levels be reduced when burning coal?

burn temperatures must be reduced and oxygen limited.

How does photochemical smog form?

forms when NOx and VOCs react to sunlight

What pH indicates acid precipitation?

less than 5.6

What are the primary pollutants in photochemical smog?

nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxides

What pollutants were targeted by early air pollution regulations?

sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide


Set pelajaran terkait

Ancient China-Geography and Early Settlement

View Set

NYSE/NASDAQ/AMEX Listed Companies

View Set

Geology 1301 (Section 801): EARTH SYSTEMS Rita Economos

View Set

Med-Surge Ch 1: Health Care Delivery and Evidence-Based Nursing Practice

View Set

Health and Illness II Exam One Objectives

View Set

Quiz: Module 06 Wireless Networking

View Set

Georgia Property and Casualty Practice Test Review Questions

View Set