APES Intro

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Anthropocentrism

"human centered". protects and promotes of human interests or well being at expense of all other factors. often places emphasis on short term benefits while disregarding long term consequences

what is the normal background extinction rate for mammals

1 every 200 years

What percent of the worlds populations uses what percent of its resources?

20%, 75%

how many mammal extinctions did Australia experience and why?

27 mammal extinctions due to the influence of European settlers

what happened in the most recent major extinction?

65 million years ago, 75% of all species disappeared from the earth. believed to have been caused by a meteor impact

what are the two main categories of ethics

Anthropocentrism and Ecocentrism

The Union Carbide is now called...

DOW Chemical

who justified the building of the Hetch Hetchy Valley

Gifford Pinochet, first man in charge of US Forest Service

what was one of the factors that led to the Bhopal disaster and lack of cleanup

India was a developing country

which two countries are the top coal producers?

Russia and the united states

Anthropocentrists view on Hetch hetchy Debate

San Francisco needed the water, and this was by far the most viable option

What did Rachel Carson publish

Silent Spring, which was about the effects of pesticides on larger predatory birds, particularly the bald eagle

Resource depletion

a great deal of resources are needed to support the human population, and they are being used up

Coal is a ________ resource, and why?

a nonrenewable resource. Over time, it will become more difficult and expensive to extract

What was needed for the reservoir to be constructed?

an act of congress and President Woodrow Wilson's approval

What is a commons

an area that belongs to no individual; it is shared by the entire society

what did Garret Hardin write?

an essay called the TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS

background rate

assuming no catastrophic events occur, extinctions that normally occur at a pretty slow rate

modern examples of the Tragedy of the Commons?

atmosphere and oceans

interspecies

between two species

biodegradable pollution

break down naturally over time

renewable resources

can be replenished within a human lifetime.

three examples of nonrenewable resources

coal, oil, minerals

extinction

complete loss of a species. natural event that can be accelerated by human actions

what did people plan to do in Hetch Hetchy Valley

construct a reservoir

outcome of Hetch Hetchy Debate

dam was constructed

Pollution

degradation or an undesired change in air, water, or soil that affects the health of living things

which type of country has a larger footprint, and what does it represent?

developed countries, shows a larger use of resources

Where are many products in developed countries produced and why?

developing countries because working conditions and pay in these countries are often at levels that would be unacceptable elsewhere

nondegradable pollution

does not break down

Why did the Cuyahoga river in Ohio catch fire?

due to all of the pollution that had accumulated in it

what has a huge influence on environmental decision-making?

economics

what does pollution affect, regardless of whether it is in air or water?

ecosystems far away from the sources because it can move

How many major extinction events occurred in Earths history

five

Developed countries

higher incomes, longer life spans, slower growth rate. Economically stable, educated, more environmental protections. consume resources at a greater rate

what was the result of the Bhopal Pesticide Plant

immediate death toll of 3000 people with 8000 more dying of long term health ailments

environment

includes all conditions that surround living organisms: climate, air and water quality, soil and landforms, prescence of other living organisms

Global Environmentalism

increased travel and communication enables people to know about daily events in places unknown in previous generations. explores issues and problems over the entire world, not just within the local community

what was the effect of Rachel Carson's book?

it began a public awakening to threats of pollution and toxic chemicals to humans as well as other species, called MODERN ENVIRONMENTALISM

environmental science is INTERDISCIPLINARY, which means..

it includes concepts and ideas from multiple fields of study. decisions have impacts in all fields of study (Economics, geology, engineering, chemistry, meteorology, ecology, politics)

Ecocentrists view on Hetch Hetchy Debate

it violated the very purpose of the Federal Parks that needed to be protected

why was the settlement for the Bhopal Pesticide Plant unsatisfactory?

it was not sufficient to treat all of the long term health issues stemming from the disaster. the site itself was also not remediated

What did planners try to do as they rebuilt San Francisco?

look for ways to address some of the issues with the city's infrastructure, including water supply

developing countries

lower incomes, shorter life spans, rapid population growth

Yosemite National Park

national park directly east of San Francisco

ecocentrism

nature deserves to exist for its own sake regardless of degree of usefulness to humans. the preservation of ecosystems or other living things take priority over human needs

Ecological Footprint

one measurement of a person's resource use. includes the amount of space needed to support each person in a nation, including forests, farms, cities, etc.

what would DOW Chemical have to do to properly compensate and treat all individuals affected by the disaster?

pay billions of dollars in settlements

Bhopal Pesticide Plant

pesticide factory that leaked a large amount of toxic chemicals into the area

San Francisco Earthquake

powerful earthquake struck the city in 1906, followed by a devastating fire

Cost/benefit analysis

questions whether the benefit of doing something justifies the economic cost

nonrenewable resources

replenished extremely slowly, if at all. these can be used up

Teddy Roosevelt advocated what idea?

resource conservationalism

3 major environmental problems

resource depletion, pollution, loss of biodiversity

What does the Tragedy of the Commons compare?

short term interests of individuals vs long term interests of civilization and the Earth itself

Why couldn't the firemen put out the fire due to the San Francisco Earthquake

the city's water pipes were so damaged by the earthquake, that firefighters were not able to tap fire hydrants

Hetch Hetchy Debate

the debate about whether to build a dam in the Hetch Hetchy valley, one of the biggest debates between the two philosphies

environmental ethics

the discipline that studies the moral relationship of human beings to the environment

the more forms of life within a community...

the more stable that ecosystem will be

supply and demand

the most basic principle of economics

what do scientists believe we may be in due to human influences

the next major extinction event

biodiversity

the number of different species present in one specific ecosystem and diversity within one species

loss of biodiversity

the number of species on the Earth is unknown, but estimated to be in the tens of millions

What is discussed in Garret Hardin's essay?

the source of environmental problems as a conflict. Likelness of a commons area being exploited for short term economic gain

Environmental Science

the study of the interaction of humans with the natural environment

What effect do developing countries have on the environment and why

they have less regulation on their industries and fewer environmental protections because they are overpopulated and desperate for economic gain

2 examples of renewable resources

timber, water

Resource Conservationalists

wanted to protect open land. Created National Parks System and National Forest System

Which questions are considered in environmental ethics

what is the value of the environment? What moral responsibility do we have in dealing with the major environmental problems that result from our resource consumption? which needs should be given the highest priority in our decision making?

introspecies

within one species


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