APES Multiple Choice 1 & 2
The world's calculated human ecological footprint is ____ % of the Earth's total usable land area.
125
The number of species on Earth that have been identified is approximately
2 million
The poorest ____ % of the world's people consume no more than ____ % of the world's energy, paper, fish and meat.
20; 5
____ % of the world's most developed population consumes ____ % of the world's energy.
20; 58
If every person on Earth today lived with the average lifestyle of people in the United States, the land of ____ Earths would be required.
5
The number of species on Earth that have not yet been identified is estimated at
5-100 million.
Human population is expected to stabilize at ____ by the year ____.
6.8-10.5 billion; 2100
Human population today is closest to
7 billion.
If the worldwide number of births daily is 364,000 and the number of deaths is 152,000, then annually there are an additional ____ people.
77,380,000.
Which of the following are environmental indicators used to show that the San Francisco Sustainability Plan is successful?
Decrease of wastewater produced and increased biodiversity
Which of the following statements is/are correct? A. If more efficient automobile are built, consumption of gasoline will decrease. B. Even though more efficient cars are built, consumer behavior dictates the trend in consumption of gasoline. C. Interactions between natural and human-dominated systems are fairly easy to predict. D. Interactions between natural and human-dominated systems are complicated to predict. E. Both B and D
E.
Which is a correct statement from the point of view of an environmental scientist?
Human manipulation of the environment is outpacing the rate at which natural systems can evolve.
The following are examples of sustainable practices. I. Forests cut for timber are replanted. II. Steel is recycled. III. Plastic is disposed of in landfills because that it is less expensive than recycling.
I and II only
Pfiesteria has many life stages, including all I. carnivorous stage. II. free-floating amoeba stage. III. stage that allows development of a protective casing.
I, II, and III
An ecosystem is a location on Earth that includes I. only biotic components. II. only abiotic components. III. interacting living and non-living components.
III only
The concept of ecological footprint is measured in terms of the amount of
Land area.
The action that can reduce the ecological footprint of people in the highly developed world to levels that are sustainable is A. eating more fish. B. shopping only in stores that use organic cotton. C. traveling to the developing world. D. using more fertilizer.
None of these actions alone will result in a sustainable level of consumption.
The death of a billion fish in the Neuse River of North Carolina in 1991 was caused by
Pfiesteria
Environmental justice is
a social movement that works toward equal enforcement of environmental laws in poor communities.
A good example of direct human manipulation of the natural environment is seen in
adding emissions to the atmosphere from driving cars and converting land from forest to growing crops.
Natural experiments lack
an exact replication of the experiment.
The health of frog populations is used as an indicator of environmental health because frogs
are amphibious.
Ecosystem services
are the processes by which life supporting resources are produced, can be provided by a forest, can be provided by an aquifer, and can be provided by soil.
Sustainable development
balances human needs and economic development.
Factors that are responsible for grain production not keeping up with worldwide population include
crop diseases, soil degradation, use of food crops for fuel, and government encouragement to let land remain uncultivated.
The effect of a Pfiesteria outbreak on humans is a
decrease in tourism, economic loss from decreased seafood sales, decrease in recreational fishing, and increase of skin sores and nausea.
Environmental indicators
do not always describe what is causing a change in the environment.
Environmental Studies cover
ethics, policy, literature, and economics.
Evidence of biodiversity is seen in the
genetic variation among human populations, number of species in a region, number of ecosystems and habitats in a region, and variety of nutrients available in a region.
The population with the greatest ability to respond to environmental change most likely is the one with
high genetic diversity.
Precision is
how close a measured value is to repeated measurements of the same sample.
Accuracy is
how close a measured value is to the actual value.
Economic development goes hand in hand with
increased consumption of resources.
The study of environmental science differs from study of the natural sciences such as biology and chemistry because it
involves politics, law, and economics.
Dissemination of scientific results
is an essential part of the scientific process, allows for scientists to discuss results, furthers critical thinking, and assists researchers in developing alternative explanations to observable phenomena.
The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
is increasing in part due to fossil fuel use and is increasing in part due to deforestation.
Deductive reasoning
is the process of making general statements from specific facts and is the process of applying a general statement to specific facts.
Inductive reasoning
is the process of making general statements from specific facts.
Controlled experiments in nature are difficult because
large amounts of land are sometimes required to produce natural conditions.
Pfiesteria is a
microscopic free living organism
Natural experiments can be done when a
natural event changes an ecosystem, volcanic eruption destroys a forest, fire sweeps through a prairie, and tornado uproots a section of a forest.
A phenomenon that has been rigorously tested and to whic there are no known exceptions is called a(n)
natural law.
New innovations in food production are
not keeping pace with food needs of the world and frequently the cause of soil degradation.
The factor that enabled Pfiesteria to enter the life stage that caused fish kills in the Neuse River of North Carolina is that
nutrients were added to the water.
Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are
responsible for constant temperatures near Earth's surface.
Living in an environmentally sustainable way necessitates
sensitivity to the needs of future generations.
The comparison between the rate of speciation and background extinction rate is that
speciation and background extinction rate are very slow, natural processes and environmental stress may cause species to go extinct faster than new ones can evolve.
A hypothesis is different from a belief because it is
testable.
The difference between an environmentalist and an environmental scientist is
that an environmentalist is involved in a social movement; whereas an environmental scientist is concerned with the methods of science.
Sustainable development would incorporate
the development of alternative materials, efficient use of energy, replacement of nutrients in soil, and evaluation of residential patterns.
When studies are done to determine the effect of pesticides on humans
the health of similar groups of people who have not been exposed to the pesticides are used as a basis for comparison.
Calculating ecological footprint involves consideration of
the impact of activities on the resources of Earth, lifestyle, water usage for crops and direct consumption, and food calories required for continuing normal activity.
The study of environmental science is concerned with
the interactions among human systems and those found in nature and biotic and abiotic interactions with human systems.
When we discuss "our environment," we are referring to
the sum of all the conditions surrounding us that influence life.
An idea that has been repeatedly tested and confirmed by multiple groups of researchers is called a(n)
theory.
The following are non-renewable resources except A. aluminum B. oil. C. coal. D. copper. E. timber.
timber
Native Americans on the Great Plains
were responsible for the expansion of the tallgrass prairie.
