APES Q2 Exam AP Classroom Questions

Approximate efficiency of the conversion of light energy to chemical energy in photosynthesis

1%

Based on the laws of thermodynamics, which of the following is the applied mathematical routine used to estimate the biomass of the mice in the pyramid?

18,705kg×0.10×0.10

Which of the following was the average beak size of finches on the island of Daphne Major in 1976?

9.5 mm

Which of the countries listed in the chart above is most likely to have limited educational opportunities for women?

A

Which of the following statements about levels of biodiversity is correct?

A population with high genetic biodiversity is better able to respond to environmental stressors.

Which of the following claims is best supported by the data in the graph?

After the volcanic eruption, pioneer species colonized the area and the ecosystem began to undergo succession.

The largest area of old-growth forest in the United States is located in

Alaska

Which of the following statements best describes the most unsustainable method of clear-cutting forests to harvest timber?

All of the trees in a forest are cut down and removed in one operation.

If the trend in total water withdrawal represented in the graph continues, which of the following is most likely to happen in the future?

Aquifers will be depleted if demand is higher than recharge rate.

Country with the greatest percentage of land area affected by desertification

Australia

Which letter correctly identifies a process of the hydrologic cycle in which the phase of water is changed from a liquid to a gas?

B

Which stage has high birth rates and rapidly decreasing death rates as a result of improved access to health care?

B

Which of the following world regions contain the greatest area of rain forest?

Brazil and Indonesia

Marine sediments that form limestone are a major sink for this element.

Carbon

Which of the following is the correct order of soil particles in order of increasing size?

Clay—silt—sand

Which of the following countries is most likely represented in the age structure diagram shown above?

Country B

Dandelions grow quickly and produce many seeds, ensuring that at least some plants will survive and produce seeds themselves. Which curve best represents the survivorship of dandelions?

D

This type of irrigation is often used by small-scale farming operations, and it requires extensive labor to set up individual irrigation lines.

Drip irrigation

Based on the data in the table, which ecosystem is in the earliest stages of succession?

Ecosystem B

Which of the following changes to the local hydrologic cycle will result if large areas of land experienced clear-cutting?

Evaporation of water from the soil will increase.

Farmers use various methods of irrigation on crops. Which of the following statements correctly pairs an irrigation method with an advantage or disadvantage?

Flood irrigation is often used in agricultural fields, however, it increases surface erosion and salinization of the soil.

Scientists calculated the net primary productivity at two different forest sites. Both forests have the same gross primary productivity. Forest AA has a net primary productivity of 1,650kcal/m2/year1,650kcal/m2/year, and forest BB has a net primary productivity of 1,110kcal/m2/year1,110kcal/m2/year. Which of the following statements is best supported by the data?

Forest AA producers have lower rates of cellular respiration than forest BB producers.

Which of the following statements about genetic diversity is true?

Genetic resistance to pests and diseases can be increased by crossing a crop plant with ancestral varieties.

Based on the diagram, which group of organisms would be considered herbivores?

Grasshoppers

Which of the following pairs of statistics would most likely indicate the highest quality of life in a country?

High life expectancy and low infant mortality

Elements that cycle in the environment and that also have a gaseous phase at some point in their cycle include which of the following? I. Carbon II. Phosphorus III. Sulfur

I and III only

Factors that affect the total fertility rate of a human population include which of the following? I. Cultural traditions II. Government policies and economic incentives III. Education level and economic opportunities for females

I, II, and III

The diagrams above show an area that was once a pasture that has since undergone changes to the vegetation over time. Which of the following changes in the hydrologic cycle is most likely to occur as a result of the change in vegetation in the area?

Increased infiltration

Which of the following is most likely to be the direct result of lack of genetic diversity in a food crop such as corn?

Increased susceptibility on plant disease

The country with a population about three times that of the United States is

India

Switching from customary large-scale agricultural practices to which of the following is most likely to reduce the exposure of farmworkers and nearby residents to toxic chemicals?

Integrated pest management

Industrial logging threatens many forested ecosystems. Which of the following environmental consequences will most likely result from clear-cutting deciduous forests for logging?

More carbon dioxide will be added to the atmosphere and increase anthropogenic climate change.

Which of the following best describes the net primary productivity of an ecosystem?

Net primary productivity is the amount of energy lost through respiration by producers subtracted from the gross primary productivity of an ecosystem.

Ammonia is converted to nitrite, then to nitrate.

Nitrification

Which of the following species is most likely to be an invasive species if introduced into a favorable new habitat?

Oyster

Based on the diagram above, which of the following processes reduces the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

Photosynthesis

Which of the following best explains the change in the moose population from 1995 to 1997?

Plants in the area could not support the large population of moose in 1995.

Which soil composition would be the best choice for lining a landfill?

Point W

Rapid runoff following a heavy rainfall may cause flooding downstream from urban areas. Which urban design strategy will most likely slow water runoff though an urban area and decrease the risk of downstream flooding?

Preserve open areas with intact vegetation

Which of the following correctly describes the disruption of an ecosystem service by an anthropogenic activity?

Provisioning services are disrupted by increased combustion of fossil fuels, which leads to an increase in air pollution.

Raccoons eat a variety of foods and can live in a variety of habitats, including locations near humans. Tiger salamanders eat an abundance of worms and insects and require wetland habitats so they do not dry out. Which of the following best identifies the two different species?

Raccoons are generalists, and salamanders are specialists.

The Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event was caused when an asteroid impacted Earth approximately 66 million years ago, near what is now the Gulf of Mexico. The indirect effects of the impact affected the entire globe. The event resulted in the extinction of nearly 75 percent of all plant and animal species on Earth, including the majority of dinosaur species. Which of the following likely best describes why most of these species went extinct?

Rapid climate and habitat change

According to the diagram, the movement of phosphorus between biological organisms and soil is in a steady state in an undisturbed system. Which of the following best explains the reason for this steady movement?

Readily available organic phosphorus in the soil is assimilated by plants.

Which of the following would be categorized as a cultural ecosystem service of forests?

Recreation and scenic areas for tourism

Country with the largest area of boreal forests

Russia

Salamanders, ospreys, snapping turtles, and beavers all live in aquatic habitats. Salamanders lay their eggs in small freshwater pools and feed on insects. Osprey habitats include rivers, bays, and swamps and the birds feed on fish and other animals in the water or on land. Snapping turtles live in fresh or brackish water and feed on plants, fish, frogs, and snakes. Beavers build lodges on islands, pond banks, and lake shores and eat a variety of shrubs, grasses, and crops. Based on the information provided above, which of the following species would best be classified as a specialist?

Salamanders

Based on the data in the table above, which of the following samples would be the most prone to becoming waterlogged?

Sample D

This biome is characterized by long dry seasons and is dominated by grasses, shrubs, and grazing animals.

Savanna

Which of the following is the most likely unintended consequence of using pesticides in agriculture?

The continual use of pesticides can cause organisms to build a resistance through genetic mutation that then requires more or stronger pesticides.

A small developing country with negligible rates of immigration and emigration is going through a demographic change. Thirty years ago the crude birth rate was 44 per thousand per year and the crude death rate was 17 per thousand per year. Now the crude birth rate is 16 thousand per year and the crude death rate is 5 per thousand per year. Which of the following statements about the country now is most likely to be true?

The country is at the industrial stage of the demographic transition.

Based on the table, which of the following claims about the relationship between the tree finch and the invasive fly is best supported?

The flies and finches have a parasitic relationship; the finches provide a home for the fly, and the fly decreases the breeding success of the finches.

Which of the following biogeochemical cycles is correctly paired with its largest reservoir?

The nitrogen cycle and the atmosphere

Which of the following major storage reservoirs of carbon, stored in the form of carbon dioxide, is not represented in this diagram?

The ocean

The spotted lanternfly is a herbivorous insect that is native to Asia and feeds on over 70 species of plants. The feeding behavior of the spotted lanternfly damages plants, and the nymph and adult lanternflies secrete sticky residues that exacerbate the damage to native plant species by promoting mold growth. The spotted lanternfly reproduces once during its lifetime by laying between 30 and 50 eggs, and the eggs hatch after a short amount of time. The range of the spotted lanternfly is increasing because the insects are transported to new environments by the movements of animals and people, and it is now found in many parts of the United States. Which of the following best describes the spotted lanternfly in the United States?

The spotted lanternfly is an r-selected and invasive species.

Which of the following is a true statement about the total fertility of a society?

The total fertility of a society decreases as the society progresses through the demographic transition.

Which of the following is a measure of the biodiversity of an ecosystem?

The total number of different plant species

Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following is the most likely reason that an island in the ocean that is 5 kilometers from a continent would have a higher number of species than one that is 15 kilometers from a continent?

There are more species that have the ability to travel 5 kilometers than can travel 15 kilometers.

Which of the following characteristics is most closely associated with a country that demonstrates the age structure in the diagram shown above?

There is a high total fertility rate.

Which of the following is the most likely result from clearing mature, forested land and converting it into agricultural land that would be used for cattle grazing?

There will be a reduction in the uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Which of the following best explains why decomposers in soils and water are important to ecosystems?

They recycle nutrients.

This biome is warm and wet, with little seasonal variation in temperature and frequent precipitation.

Tropical rain forest

Traveling southward from the Arctic regions of Canada to the tropics of Panama, one passes through several biomes - tundra, coniferous forest, temperate deciduous forest, and tropical rain forest. This pattern of change in vegetation is primarily the result of

an increase in both mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation

Sustainable use of forests in the United States would likely be encouraged by

cutting small groups of medium- and large- sized trees in uneven-aged forests

One way a local community might regulate a shared and limited resource and reduce the tragedy of the commons is to

divide the resources into parcels and assign them to individuals

In North America, native pollinators often increase the quantity and quality of crops of native plants that are insect pollinated more effectively than European honeybees do. The most likely reason for the phenomenon is that native pollinators

have coevolved with native plant species

When a rain forest is slashed and burned, the local concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases. This is primarily due to

oxidation of carbon compounds

The major biological source of dissolved oxygen in the ocean comes from

photosynthesis by phytoplankton

Members of an r-selected species characteristically

reach sexual maturity quickly

The annual fluctuation in carbon dioxide concentration can best be explained by the

seasonal photosynthetic activity of green plants

One important step that homeowners in the new development can take to protect water quality in Samel Creek would be to

use rain barrels to reduce the flow of storm water into the creek