APES Quiz: Ecosystems and Biogeochemical Cycles

The diagram below shows a simplified nitrogen cycle. The majority of the nitrogen on Earth can be found in which of the following reservoirs? A) Terrestrial plants B) Soil Bacteria C) The atmosphere D) Sedimentary Rock

C

The energy available to consumers determined by subtracting the energy used by plants from the total energy transformed by the process of photosynthesis A) Primary Productivity B) Gross Primary Productivity C) Net Primary Productivity D) Cellular Respiration

C

Which of the following biogeochemical cycles includes the processes of buffering ocean pH and photosynthesis, as shown in the diagram? A) Carbon cycle B) Nitrogen cycle C) Phosphorus Cycle D) Potassium Cycle

C

The long term storage of phosphorus is in which of the following A) bacteria B) rocks C) water D) atmosphere E) plants

b

Which of the following trophic levels represents a primary producer in an aquatic food chain? A) Phytoplankton B) Herbivorous zooplankton C) Carnivorous zooplankton D) Baleen whale

A

The long term storage of phosphorus is in which of the following A) bacteria B) rocks C) water D) atmosphere E) plants

B

The total rate of photosynthesis in a given area A) Primary Productivity B) Gross Primary Productivity C) Net Primary Productivity D) Cellular Respiration

B

The two major processes involved in the carbon cycle are A) weathering and erosion B) photosynthesis and cellular respiration C) evaporation and transpiration D) erosion and deposition

B

The diagram below shows a simplified nitrogen cycle. Which of the following types of organisms are required to complete the nitrogen cycle, including the process of denitrification? A) Bacteria B) Producers C) Consumers D) Fungi

A

Which box represents a carbon sink that holds carbon compounds fo the shortest period of time? A) Vegetation B) Sedimentary Rock C) Ocean D) Burning Fossil Fuels

A

Which of the following best describe the first law of thermodynamics? A) In a closed system of constant mass, the energy involved in any physical or chemical change in neither created nor destroyed B) Energy always changes from a more useful, more concentrated form to a less useful, less concentrated form C) Heat always flows from a hot body to a cold body D) Entropy of a system increases at the state of disorganization in the system increases E) In a reversible process, the entropy of a system is constant, whereas in irreversible process, the entropy of the system...

A

Which of the following is in the correct order from smallest to largest? A) organism--> species --> population ---> community ---> ecosystem B) species --> ecosystem --> population --> community ---> organism C)community --> organism --> ecosystem --> population --> species D) ecosystem --> population --> species --> organism --> community E) species --> population-- community--> organism --> ecosystem

A

Marine sediments that form limestone are a major sink for this element. A) Sulfur B) Phosphorus C) Potassium D) Carbon E) Nitrogen

D

Plants/animals die or make waste and decompose convert the nitrogen found is the waste and dead organisms back into ammonium A) nitrification B) dentrification C) assimilation D) ammonification E) nitrogen fixation

D) Ammonification

Of the following organisms, which occupies the lowest trophic level? A) spider B) deer C) lion D) hawk E) snake

b

The net primary productivity of an ecosystem is 25kg C/m2/yr, and the energy needed by the producers for their own respiration is 30 kg C/m2/yr. The gross primary productivity of such an ecosystem is? A) 5 kg B) 10 kg C) 25 kg D) 30 kg E) 55 kg

E) 55 kg

An ecosystem has an ecological efficiency of 10%. If the tertiary consumer level has 1 kcal of energy, how much did the producer level contain? A) 1,000 B) 10,000 C) 90 D) 900

A

Nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia to nitrite, then nitrate. A) Nitrification B) Denitrification C) Assimilation D) Ammonification E) Nitrogen Fixation

A

The diagram above best illustrates major processes in which of the following biogeochemical cycles? A) the Carbon cycle B) the nitrogen cycle C) the phosphorus cycle D) the Water cycle

A maybe look at phone

Nitrate and nitrite ions are converted into nitrogen gas by bacteria. A) nitrification B) denitrification C) assimilation D) ammonification E) nitrogen fixation

B

The diagram below shows a simplified nitrogen cycle. Which of the following processes is illustrated by the downward arrows from the atmosphere that show the conversion of nitrogen gas into usable forms available to producers? A) nitrogen assimilation B) nitrogen fixation C) Photosynthesis D) Weathering

B

Plant roots absorb nitrate ions for use in making molecules such as DNA, amino acids, and proteins A) Nitrification B) Dentrification C) Assimilation D) Ammonification E) Nitrogen Fixation

C

An energy transformations occur and results in increased disorder; so you can never have 100% energy transfers some energy as always lost A) Heat flow B) Kinetic Energy C) Potential Energy D) First Law of Thermodynamics E) Second Law of Thermodynamics

E

Which of the following correctly diagrams the nitrogen cycle? A) NO3+ --> NO2- --> N2 --> NH4+ --> NH3 --> NO3+ B) Nh4+ --> H2NO3 --> NH3--> N2 --> NO2- --> N2 C) NO2- --> NO3- --> N2 --> NH3 --> NH4+ D)NH4+ --> N2 --> NH4+ --> NO3- --> NH3 --> N2 E) N2 --> NH4_ --> NO2- --> NO3- --> N2

E

Which of the following is usable by plants for assimilation A) N2 ---> Nitrogen gas B) NH3 ----> ammonia C) NH4+ ----> ammonium D) NO2- ---> nitrite E) NO3- ---> nitrate

E

Which of the following best helps explain why phosphorus is often a limiting factor in many ecosystems? A) there is usually a gaseous stage in the phosphorus cycle B) phosphorus cycles very quickly through environments C) phosphorus forms stable, insoluble compounds in rocks, which are slow to weather D) phosphate is not readily taken up by plants E) there are no anthropocentric sources of phosphorus

E maybe

Elements that cycle in the environment and that also have gaseous phase at some point in their cycle include which of the following? I. Carbon II. Phosphorus III. Sulfur A) I only B) III only C) I and II only D) I and III only E) I, II, and III

I & III

Check all that are processes that RELEASE carbon A) Photosynthesis B) Cellular Respiration C) formation of sedimentary rocks such as bituminous coal or limestone D) Forest Fires E)Thermal Decomposition of calcium carbonate during cement making

a,d, e

A temperate grassland biome has a gross primary productivity of 3,480 kilocalories/meter2/year and a net primary productivity of 2000 kilocalories/meters2/year. Which of the following approximate number of kilocalories/meter2/year available to herbivores in that biome? A) 200 kilocalories B) 1, 480 kilocalories C) 2,000 kilocalories D) 5,480 kilocalories

b

The diagram below represents steps in the phosphorus cycle. Which of the following statements is best supported by the diagram of the phosphorus cycle? A) the largest reservoir of phosphorus is in the atmosphere B) the phosphates absorbed by animal tissue through consumption eventually return to the soil C) Plants take up the phosphate ions primarily from the metamorphic rocks D) Phosphates are not soluble in water

b

The diagram below shows a model of the global movement of water in the hydrologic cycle. Which of the following best identifies a key component of the hydrologic cycles that powers the movement of water and is missing from the diagram? A) Terrestrial animals B) The Sun C) Bacteria D) Volcanoes

b

The diagram below shows a particular marine food web. Which of the following best describes what is represented by the arrows in the food web? A) the photosynthetic rates of producers B) The flow of energy C) The movement of predators D) The decomposition of matter

b

Which of the following best describes a terrestrial ecosystem that will have the highest net primary productivity? A) Warm temperatures, high rainfall, and consistent sunlight B) Hot temperatures, low rainfall, and constant sunlight C) Cold temperatures, high rainfall and inconsistent sunlight D) Warm temperatures, low rainfall and inconsistent sunlight

b

Which of the following terrestrial biomes has the highest net primary productivity? A) Desert B) Tropical Rainforest C) Taiga D) Savanna

b

Which of the following terrestrial biomes has the highest primary productivity per unit area? A) Desert B) Tropical Rain Forest C) Boreal Forest D) Savanna

b

Which of the following best describes the flow of energy in most terrestrial and near-surface marine ecosystems? A) Decomposers break down dead or decaying organisms to release energy and nutrients to be used by producers B) Chemoautotrophs use inorganic energy sources, such as hydrogen sulfide, to create organic compounds from carbo C) Apex predators feed on other organisms, which releases heat that can be used by producers and primary consumers D) Producers use energy from the sun to make organic matter, such as sugars, from carbon dioxide and water and are

b look at phone

Which of the following elements have cycles which include long term storage in rocks and short term storage in the atmosphere? Check all that apply. A) Sulfur B) Carbon C) Nitrogen D) Phosphorus

b, a

Energy is transferred along food chains from one stage to the next. Which statement best explains how long the energy is transferred? A) If a primary consumer stores 100 kcal of energy, then a secondary consumer that feeds on the primary consumer B) If a primary producer stores 10,000 kcal of energy, then a tertiary consumer will have 10 kcal of energy available C) If a primary producer stores 100,000 kcal of energy, then a secondary consumer will have 10,000 kcal of energy a D) If a secondary consumer stores 500 kcal of energy, then a tertiary consumer that feeds on the secondary consumer

c

The diagram below shows a model of the global movement of water in the hydrologic cycle. Which of the following reservors of freshwater are missing from the diagram? A) Fossil Fuels B) Rocks C) Ice Caps D) Algae

c

The diagram below shows a particular terrestrial food web. Based on the food web shown above, which of the following correctly describes the flow of energy through the tropic levels from producers to quaternary consumers? A) Red-tailed hawk, grasshopper mouse, grasshopper, rattlesnake, brittlebush B) Red-tailed hawk, rattlesnake, grasshopper mouse, grasshopper, brttlebrush C) Brittlebrush, grasshopper, grasshopper mouse, rattlesnake, red-tailed hawk D) Brittlebrish, red-tailed hawk, rattlesnake, grasshopper mouse, grasshopper

c

Farmers in a suburban coastal town started being no till agriculture, a practice that reduces soil erosion from their farmland. Use the image below to determine which of the following long-term effects no-till agriculture will have on the ecosystem surrounding the farmland. A) There will be an increased need for fertilizer on farmlands B) there will be less algal growth in the nearby ocean C) There will be less phosphorous pollution in the atmosphere D) There will be an increased deposition of phosphorous-rich sediments

d

The diagram below shows a particular marine food web. Which trophic level has the least available energy in kilojoules in this food web? A) Phytoplankton B) Herbivorous zooplankton C) Baleen Whale D) Killer Whale

d

The largest reserves of nitrogen and sulfur in the biosphere are correctly identified by which of the following? Nitrogen Sulfur A) Rocks Rocks B) Rocks Vegetation C) Rocks Atmosphere D) Atmosphere Rocks E) Atmosphere Atmosphere

d

Which of the boxes represents a carbon source? A) Vegetation B) Sedimentary Rock C) Ocean D) Burning of Fossil Fuels

d

the net annual primary productivity of a particular wetland ecosystem is found to be 8000 kcal/m2 per year. if respiration by the aquatic producers is 12000 kcal/m2 per year the gross annual primary productivity for this ecosystem in kcal/m2 per year? A) 4,000 B) 8,000 C) 12,000 D) 20,000 E) 96,000

d

Check all of the processes that SEQUESTER carbon A) Photosynthesis B) Cellular Respiration C) Shell and Coral Formation D) Burning of Fossil Fuels E) CO2 + H2O ---> H2CO3

d, c, b, e

Which of the following is true of carbon as it cycles in? A) carbon dioxide is released during photosynthesis B) carbon compounds rarely exists in the gaseous state C) carbon sinks include forests and oceans D) the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is reduced through the process of cement making E) carbon is found in rocks, except for limestone

e ior a

For a primary producer, the main function of photosynthesis is to manufacture ___________ to store as chemical energy for future use

glucose

The diagram below shows a model of the global movement of water in the hydrologic cycle. Based on the diagram, which of the following statements about the hydrologic cycle is true? A) Water from the ocean evaporated and condenses in the atmosphere B) Surface runoff is the primary recharge of groundwater C) Infiltration of water into the ground prevents water from returning to the oceanic reservoir D) Evapotranspiration from plants decreases atmospheric water vapor

look at phone

The diagram below shows a particular marine food web. Based on the second law of thermodynamics, how much biomass of photoplankton would be needed to produce 1 kilogram of large fish in this food web? A) 1 g B) 10 g C) 100 g D) 1,000 g

look at phone