apes test 1

Based on the laws of thermodynamics, which of the following is the applied mathematical routine used to estimate the biomass of the mice in the pyramid?

18,705kg×0.10×0.10

The net annual primary productivity of a particular wetland ecosystem is found to be 8,000 kcal/m2 per year. If respiration by the aquatic producers is 12,000 kcal/m2 per year, what is the gross annual primary productivity for this ecosystem, in kcal/m2 per year?

20,000

Which of the following values best represents the amount of energy available for primary consumers in the food chain?

9,300kilocalories

Which letter correctly identifies a process of the hydrologic cycle in which the phase of water is changed from a liquid to a gas?

B (lake evaporating into sky)

Which of the following is an example of a carbon sink?

Deposition of organic matter on the deep ocean floor

Which of the following best describes the movement of energy in an ecosystem?

Energy is harnessed by producers, and available energy decreases with each trophic level transfer.

Which of the following statements is true of aquatic biomes?

Freshwater biomes are a vital source of drinking water.

Where is the majority of fresh water found on Earth?

Ice caps and glaciers

Two bird species coexist by feeding on the same type of insects in different parts of a tree. One bird species hunts insects near the top of the tree. The other bird species hunts insects near the base of the tree. Which of the following concepts is demonstrated between the two bird species?

Resource partitioning

The great grasslands of the world have which of the following primary characteristics in common?

Seasonal cycles of temperature and precipitation produce abundant vegetative growth.

Which of the following is the primary energy source for producers in near-surface marine communities?

Solar energy from the Sun

In a fish species, the number of eggs that hatch and survive for one year varies depending on the number of eggs that were produced. As the number of eggs produced increases past a threshold number, the survival rate of the offspring decreases. Which of the following statements best explains why only a limited number of offspring can survive in a fish population?

The chance of survival decreases when there is intraspecific competition for resources among surviving yearlings.

Which of the following best describes the change in the elk population since the introduction of wolves into Yellowstone in 1995?

The elk population steadily decreased in numbers.

Based on the diagram, which of the following best describes the most likely direct effect of a decline of the small fish population on the marine food web?

The jellyfish population will increase because of decreased predation.

Which of the following is a characteristic of tropical rain forests?

Their soils are relatively poor in nutrients.

Which of the following best explains why decomposers in soils and water are important to ecosystems?

They recycle nutrients.

This biome is warm and wet, with little seasonal variation in temperature and frequent precipitation.

Tropical rain forest

Which of the following world regions contain the greatest area of rain forest?

brazil and indonesia

The process by which a soil nutrient is reduced and released to the atmosphere as a gas

denitrification

This biome contains plants that are adapted to prevent water loss due to the low average rainfall and high temperatures year-round.

desert

For a primary producer, the main function of photosynthesis is to manufacture

glucose

Which environment is characterized by the highest diversity of tree species?

graph b (highest bars in everything)

Based on the diagram, which group of organisms would be considered herbivores?

grasshoppers

Based on the data in the table, which of the following pairs of organisms has two ecological relationships, both competition and predation?

hawks and snakes

Based on the data in the table, if the number of snakes were to suddenly decrease, which of the following changes would most likely occur in the food web of this ecosystem?

increase in number of shrews and decrease in number of hawks

Exemplified by bees consuming nectar and carrying pollen from one flower to another

mutualism

This biome is characterized by long dry seasons and is dominated by grasses, shrubs, and grazing animals.

savanna

The thick forest of this biome tends to be well adapted to short growing seasons.

taiga

The terrestrial biomes shown in the diagram above vary in net primary productivity. The explanation for the variation includes which of the following?

temperature and precipitation (I and II only)

Which of the following diagrams correctly illustrates the nitrogen cycle?

the one with n^2 coming FROM the sky

The process in the hydrologic cycle in which water vapor is released from leaves into the atmosphere is called

transpiration