APES Unit 2 Test

Which statement about patterns of air convection is NOT correct? The greatest amount of precipitation occurs at the intertropical convergence zone, the air of a polar cell rises near 60 degrees latitude, the air in a Hadley cell descends near 30 degrees N and 30 degrees S, causing the formation of deserts, the air in a Hadley cell rises where sunlight strikes Earth most directly, along Earth's surface, the air of a Hadley cell moves away from the equator.

Along the Earth's surface, the air of a Hadley cell moves away from the equator

Elevation changes affect biomes: As elevation decreases rainfall increases, as elevation gains solar radiation it becomes stronger and biomes become more tropical, as elevation increases climate is more effected by prevailing winds, as elevation increases it demonstrates a similar pattern to increasing latitude.

As elevation increases, it demonstrates a similar pattern to increasing latitude

Terrestrial regions characterized by similar climate, soil, and organisms regardless of where they are found on Earth are known as: Biomes, ecological footprints, communities, continents, ecosystems

Biomes

Which statement about tundras and boreal forests is correct? Plant growth in both biomes is limited by precipitation, tundras are warmer than boreal forests, both are characterized by slow plant growth, so there is little accumulation of organic matter, boreal forests have larger dominant plant growth forms than tundras, boreal forests have a shorter growing seasons than tundras.

Both are characterized by slow plant growth, so there is little accumulation of organic matter

Phosphorus is being added to the environment by all of the following activities EXCEPT: Runoff from feedlots, mining to produce inorganic fertilizer, burning coal and fossil fuels, slashing and burning in tropical areas.

Burning coal and fossil fuels

Burning fossil fuels coupled with deforestation increases the amount of ____ in the atmosphere: Ozone, sulfur dioxide, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide.

Carbon dioxide

Which of the following processes is NOT characteristics of oceanic circulation? Unequal heating of tropical versus polar ocean waters, slow thermohaline circulation of surface and deep ocean waters, counterclockwise gyres in the Northern Hemisphere, El Nino- Southern Oscillation, coriolis effect.

Counterclockwise gyres in the Northern Hemisphere

Which of the following biome sequences would appear at a similar latitude, but with decreasing precipitation: Shrubland --> chaparral -> coniferous forest --> tundra, desert --> savanna, --> scrubland --> tropical forest, rainforest --> coniferous forest --> desert, deciduous forest --> chaparral --> grassland --> desert.

Deciduous forest --> chaparral --> grassland --> desert

All biotic and abiotic factors in an area make up a ______? Kingdom, ecosystem, community, population, organism.

Ecosystem

Which statement about aquatic biomes is correct? They can be categorized by temperature and precipitation, lakes contain littoral zones and intertidal zones, coral reefs have the lowest diversity of species, they are characterized by dominant plant growth forms, freshwater wetlands have emergent plants in their deepest areas, whereas ponds and lakes do not.

Freshwater wetlands have emergent plants in their deepest areas, whereas pond and lakes do not

All of the following are true of ENSO EXCEPT: The warming of the western pacific causes a reduction in upwelling nutrients and an increase in rainfall, it occurs regularly, every five years in the Pacific, the prevailing winds in the tropical pacific weaken and change directions, the typical monsoon season in the Eastern pacific is reduced, and sometimes there are droughts, it changes the distribution patterns of pelagic marine species.

It occurs regularly, every five years in the Pacific

Which of the following denotes atmospheric nitrogen? N2, NO3-, NO2-, NH4+, N2O.

N2

Which of the following describes anthropogenic effects on the carbon cycle? Net decrease of carbon in the soil, no impact, net increase of carbon in the soil, net increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, net decrease of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Net increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Ammonium ions (NH4+) are converted to nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite ions (NO2-) through which process? Ammonification, nitrification, denitrification, nitrogen fixation.

Nitrification

Photosynthesis in the ocean is limited to the upper layer where light can penetrate. This layer is called the: Littoral zone, aphotic zone, disphotic zone, benthic zone, photic zone.

Photic zone

Carbon dioxide is a reactant in: Respiration, nitrogen fixation, photosynthesis, assimilation.

Photosynthesis

The following chemical equation describes which process: 6CO2 + 6H2O ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2: Respiration, oxidation, assimilation, photosynthesis, carbonation.

Photosynthesis

Which statement best explains why polar regions are colder than tropical regions? Polar regions have lower albedo values, tropical regions receive less direct sunlight throughout the year, sunlight travels through more atmosphere and loses more energy in tropical areas, polar regions receive less solar energy per unit of surface area, tropical regions rotate at a faster speed than polar regions.

Polar regions receive less solar energy per unit of surface area

Which of these is an ecological service provided by coral reefs? Protects coastline from erosion, provides jobs and building materials, increase terrestrial temperature, increase oceanic temperature, adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

Protects coastline from erosion

What factor determines the major type of organisms found in aquatic life zones? Temperature, elevation, nutrient levels, density, salinity.

Salinity

The energy that drives the hydrologic cycle comes primarily from: Earth's rotation on its axis, solar energy and gravity, ocean currents, wind patters.

Solar energy and gravity

The Redwood forest on the coast of California is made up of coniferous trees and remains moist throughout most of the year from rainfall and fog-drip. They are considered in the ______ biome: Taiga, temperate rainforest, boreal forest, woodland/shrubland.

Temperate rainforest

The ultimate source of energy for terrestrial ecosystems is: Nutrients in the soil, the sun, nutrients in the water, primary consumers, producers.

The sun

The gross primary productivity of an ecosystem is: The total amount of biomass, the energy available to primary consumers, the total energy captured by photosynthesis, the energy captured after accounting respiration, the biomass of producers.

The total energy captured by photosynthesis

Which of the following best describes the role played by nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the nitrogen cycle? They convert ammonia to nitrates, they convert organic nitrogen to atmospheric nitrogen, they alter organic nitrogen, they convert atmospheric nitrogen to organic nitrogen, they convert nitrates to ammonia.

They convert atmospheric nitrogen to organic nitrogen

Which of the following processes is working against gravity? Precipitation, runoff, transpiration, infiltration.

Transpiration

Which term describes the addition of water to the atmosphere by plants? Infiltration, condensation, transpiration, precipitation, evaporation.

Transpiration

The limiting factors in the tropical rainforest are all of the following EXCEPT: Water, space, wind for pollution, sunlight, nutrients in soil.

Water

A local area's short-term atmospheric conditions are known as _________, while its long-term conditions are known as _________: Storms/weather, weather/patterns, weather/climate, weather/current, climate/weather.

Weather/climate

In the food chain, what organism is the primary consumer? Algae --> Zooplankton --> Fish -> Bald eagle

Zooplankton

An area's climate is determined by what main environmental factors? 1. Average temperature 2. Average humidity 3. Average precipitation: 1,2 and 3, 1 and 3 only, 2 and 3 only, 1 and 2 only, 1 only

1 and 3 only

The highest levels of net primary productivity found in the ocean are found in the coastal zone. Which of these factors are responsible for this? 1. Ample supple of light 2. High nutrient levels 3. High CO2 concentrations: 1, 2, and 3, 1 only, 1 and 3 only, 2 only, 1 and 2 only.

1 and 3 only

Grasslands are found in tropical, temperate, and polar regions and include: 1. Savannas 2. Prairies 3. Tundra: 3 only, 2 only, 1, 2 and 3, 1 only, 1 and 2 only

1, 2, and 3

The average efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels is approximately: 1 percent, 4 percent, 40 percent, 10 percent, 50 percent.

10 percent

Elements cycle through the atmosphere in all of the following biogeochemical cycles EXCEPT which? Phosphorus, carbon, water, oxygen, and nitrogen.

Oxygen

Which of the following is NOT an adaptation for survival in desert regions? Lack of leaves on plants, nocturnal and crepuscular animals, plants with deep roots for groundwater, reduced or no hair on animals, concentrated urine or feces.

Reduced or no hair on animals

An ecosystem that rapidly returns to its original state after a disturbance is: Vigorous, stable, resilient, resistant, adaptable.

Resilient

The pathway by which carbon is transferred from living biota to the atmosphere is called: Photosynthesis, transpiration, respiration, evaporation, deforestation.

Respiration