APES Unit 4 Exam

The major biological source of dissolved oxygen in the ocean comes from A decomposition of organic sediments on the ocean floor B metabolic processes of coral in reefs C oxidation of sulfur by bacteria in ocean vent communities D photosynthesis by phytoplankton E respiration by zooplankton

D

The use of which of the following to control agricultural insect pests is most likely to have a negative and persistent impact on an ecosystem? A Bacillus thuringiensis, a soil organism that kills insect larvae B Braconid sp., a parasitic wasp C Insecticidal soap, a surfactant that kills through suffocation D Lindane, a chlorinated hydrocarbon E Rotenone, a toxic plant derivative

D

Which of the following is most likely to be the direct result of lack of genetic diversity in a food crop such as corn? A Decreased kernel size B Decreased potential yield C Decreased dependence on chemical fertilizers D Increased susceptibility on plant disease E Increased resistance to pests

D

Which of the following would likely reduce the threats posed by exotic species to native species? Increasing inspections of goods coming into a country Mandating that bilgewater from vessels be emptied in ports instead of in the open ocean Enforcing legislation that restricts imported materials such as untreated wooden packing crates A I only B II only C III only D I and III only E I, II, and III

D

A large forested area is fragmented into small forest tracts separated by agricultural areas. This change will most likely lead to A an increase in the population of top carnivores B an improvement in the dispersal mechanisms of forest species C a more stable regional climate D a decrease in the amount of edge habitat E a decrease in the gene flow within species of the original forest

E

Characteristics that tend to increase the risk of a species becoming endangered include which of the following? Having a very limited distribution Being a specialist at the end of a long food chain Having a small population size A I only B II only C III only D II and III only E I, II, and III

E

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the following countries. (A) Australia (B) Brazil (C) Chile (D) Russia (E) United States of America Country with the largest area of temperate deciduous forest

E

The factor that likely poses the greatest threat of extinction of species worldwide is A weakening of environmental legislation B increase in hunting and fishing C aggressive collecting of specimens by museums and zoos D black-market trade in endangered species E increasing loss of habitat

E

When logging is carried out in a watershed, a likely effect on the local streams is A mitigation of anoxia B decreased nutrient levels C decreased input of sediments D increased oligotrophic conditions E increased water temperature

E

Which of the following best illustrates point-source pollution? A Toxic sediments in the delta of a major river B Increase in NOx in a traffic-clogged city C Dust blowing off unpaved roads D Smoke emitted from forest fires E Smokestack emissions from a large smelting company

E

Which of the following can be used to assess the biological diversity of an area? A Population size of each species and area occupied by each population B Minimum population area and minimum viable population size C Ratio of r-strategists to K-strategists and life expectancy of K-strategists D Number of individuals under fifteen years old and number of individuals over sixty-five years old E Genetic variation within each species and number of species present

E

Which of the following is the best example of environmental remediation? A A species of trout becomes extinct in a eutrophic lake. B The annual volume of sewage flowing into a stream is decreased by one half. C The height of a factory smokestack is increased. D A parcel of forest land is declared a state park. E PCB-consuming bacteria are sprayed on an area that has soil contaminated with PCBs.

E

The location of the greatest remaining natural biodiversity

E (Brazil)

Alligators in a Florida lake polluted by high levels of dioxins (chlorinated hydrocarbons) had low testosterone levels and failed to reproduce. Scientists came to the conclusion that the dioxins were acting as which of the following? A Endocrine disrupters B Growth hormones C Carcinogens D Immune-system suppressors E Mutagens

A

Fragmenting one large park or preserve into many small parks with human habitation in between them is most likely to lead to which of the following? A Reduction in species diversity B Stabilization of microclimates C Decreases in the proportion of edge habitat D Increase in gene flow within species E Increase in population size of top carnivores

A

Of the following, which is the best example of a point source of water pollution? A Factory effluent B Storm water C Acid precipitation D Agricultural runoff E Residential pesticide runoff

A

The location where desertification is occurring most rapidly

A (Africa)

The intraplate location where hot-spot volcanism is occurring

A (Pacific Ocean)

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the qualities of water samples. A)Acidity B)Turbidity Hardness C)Dissolved oxygen D)Salinity Caused by suspended particulates

B

Rachel Carson's contributions to the environmental movement include which of the following? A Alerting the public to the hazardous waste problem at Love Canal B Increasing public awareness of the risks of using pesticides C Starting the first Earth Day in 1970 D Discovering the thinning of the ozone layer in polar regions E Being the first female administrator of the EPA

B

The CITES treaty has been helpful in protecting endangered animals and plants by A listing all species that can be hunted, traded, and used commercially B listing those species and products whose international trade is controlled C funding projects for breeding endangered plants and animals D preventing the hunting of whales and dolphins E specifying prices for certain plant and animal products

B

Which of the following is a major goal of the program begun in 1995 to reintroduce the gray wolf into Yellowstone National Park? A Decrease the number of grizzly bears, because they were becoming a nuisance B Enable the removal of the gray wolf from the endangered species list C Increase the dwindling numbers of tourists that visit the park each year D Upset the natural predator-prey balance between coyotes and elk E Decrease the number of sheep and cattle that wander into the park and overgraze the vegetation

B

Which of the following is a measure of the amount of suspended material in water? A Salinity B Turbidity C Trace-metal concentration D Leachate concentration E pH

B

High rates of species extinction caused by human activity have taken place at which of the following times in Earth's history? At the end of the Permian period At the end of the Cretaceous period During recent times A I only B II only C III only D I and II only E I, II, and III

C

Of the following, which has the greatest permeability? A Clay B Loam C Sand D Silt E Humus

C

The dangers of disposing of toxic chemicals underground came to public attention in which of the following locations? A Bhopal, India B Chernobyl, Ukraine C Love Canal, New York D Minamata, Japan E Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania

C

Which of the following identifies the two factors thought to be the most harmful to biodiversity? A Acid deposition and increased use of fertilizers for agriculture B Depletion of the ozone layer and oil drilling C Destruction of habitat and invasion by nonnative species D Changes in climate and proliferation of endemic species E Global warming and decline in fisheries

C

Which soil indicated on the soil triangle above would most likely have the highest water-holding capacity? A Soil A B Soil B C Soil C D Soil D E Soil E

C

The location where new crust is being created at a divergent plate boundary

C (Atlantic Ocean)

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the following processes. (A) Photosynthesis (B) Eutrophication (C) Denitrification (D) Decomposition (E) Transpiration The rapid rate of this process in tropical forests results in low-nutrient soils

D

Reasons that the population size of an exotic species often grows rapidly when the species is introduced in a new environment include which of the following? The exotic species is resistant to pesticides. There is a large, underutilized food source in the new environment. The exotic species has few natural predators in the new environment. A I only B II only C I and III only D II and III only E I, II, and III

D