APES Unit 8

Based on the data in the graph, which of the following should be used to calculate the difference in LD50 for the two different species of mice?

575mg−490mg

Which of the following best describes the action of an endocrine disruptor?

An endocrine disruptor blocks the receptor protein binding site of a hormone so that the cell cannot receive a signal.

Disinfectant

Chlorine, UV, ozone used to kill bacteria and pathogens

Based on the diagram, which of the following is an expected consequence of runoff and sewage in an aquatic environment?

Decreased oxygen production by seaweed on the seafloor from an increase in turbidity

Which of the following components, which are not shown on the diagram, are part of the tertiary treatment of wastewater?

Disinfectant

Researchers suspect that sewage leaked into the Moose River. Rates for which of the following diseases should be used to determine whether the human population using the river as a source of drinking water was exposed to sewage?

Dysentery

Based on the data in the graphs, which of the following strategies would best increase the total volume of municipal solid waste being recycled?

Enacting a single-stream recycling program and providing bins to residential homes

Based on the diagram, which of the following is associated with the primary treatment of sewage?

Grit Chamber

Endocrine disruptors directly affect which of the following in an organism?

Hormones

Which of the following is the most likely consequence of runoff transporting chemicals that are endocrine disruptors to a pond?

Increased frequency of birth defects in fish populations in the pond

Which of the following is a way to potentially eliminate one of the greatest threats to the world's mangrove wetlands?

Integrate ecologically sound shrimp aquacultural practices with mangrove management.

Based on the data in the graphs, which of the following would result in the largest reduction in volume of municipal solid waste disposed of in landfills?

Introduce composting programs for yard trimmings and food waste

more disease in _____

LDC

Which of the following is the best example of a point source pollutant?

Oil Tanker Spill

Which of the following is a point source pollutant that would likely affect the ecosystem health of a coral reef?

Oil released from the broken hull of a shipwrecked tanker

Which of the following best explains why top predators can have up to 60 times as much of persistent organic pollutant (POP) as their prey and up to 600 times as much of the pollutant as producers?

POPs accumulate in the body fat of living organisms. POPs increase in concentration as they move up the food chain.

Which of the following best describes a way that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) cause harm in the environment?

Persistent organic pollutants are soluble in fat, so they accumulate in an organisms' fatty tissues.

Which of the following practices would best help to protect against inland and coastal flooding in urban areas?

Preserving wetland and coastal mangrove habitats

Scientists are interested in determining if selenium, from a nearby mine, magnifies in the tissues of fish living in a lake. Which of the following best describes a testable hypothesis for the study?

Selenium will be at a higher concentration in fish tissue than in the tissue of fish prey.

When water used to cool power plants during normal plant operations is released into adjacent waterways, which of the following is most likely to occur as a result?

The dissolved oxygen in the adjacent waterways would decrease because used coolant water is warm and leads to thermal pollution.

A massive bluegill fish kill was observed in a lake near a power plant during the winter months. It was determined that the plant was releasing large amounts of hot water into the lake. Which of the following explains what likely caused the death of so many bluegills in the lake?

The influx of warmer water caused an unexpected increase in the metabolic rate of the bluegills, which led to increased physiological stress from limited resource availability

Based on the data in the graphs, which of the following materials would be best suited for incineration to reduce total volume, produce energy, and have minimal release of air pollutants?

Wood

soluabilty

ability for solid, liquid, gas to dissolve in liquid

endocrine disruptors

bind to cellular receptors of cells blocking hormone from being received

BOD

biological oxygen demand

Secondary Treatment

break down organics in water (aerobic)

what can sludge be used for

fertilizer or filler in landfills

what is cultural eutrophication

human caused nutrient pollution leads to eutrophication

warm area has more ____

pathogens

LC50

Concentration of a substance needed to kill 50% of the organisms within a tested pop.

Which of the following best describes why DDT is classified as a persistent organic pollutant?

DDT is very stable, and as much as 50% of the original concentration can remain in the soil 15 years after the initial application.

Tertiary Treatment

ecological or chemical treatments to reduce pollutants

sludge

inorganic solid waste

hypoxic

lack of oxygen

LD50

lethal dose (of a toxin) for 50% of the test population to die

effluent

liquid waste that is discharged into a body of water

chronic

long term

What type of feedback is BOD

negative

dont know where it comes from

non-point

easily identified source of pollutants, confined place

point source

what type of feedback is eutrophication

positive

Primary sewage treatment

removing big solid objects using screen and grates

ED50

the point at which 50 percent of the test organisms show a negative, or desired, effect from a toxin.

method of transport

vector

Which of the following examples includes both a point and a nonpoint source of pollution?

Fertilizer from suburban lawns and wastewater from a water treatment plant

acute

short term

Based on the diagram, which of the following best describes how a malfunctioning air compressor would affect the process of sewage treatment?

Fewer bacteria would be available to absorb dissolved organics in the tank.

Significant increases in water temperature can drastically change dissolved oxygen (DO) levels in a lake. Why does the combined effect of these two environmental changes result in algal blooms?

Low dissolved oxygen leads to death for aerobic organisms, like fish, whose decomposition provides an overabundance of nutrients for the algae, resulting in the large blooms.

A scientist is studying PCBs in tertiary consumers. She wants to determine if PCBs can be found in tertiary consumers even though these compounds were banned in the United States in the 1970s. Which of the following best identifies a testable hypothesis for the study?

PCBs are persistent organic compounds that are fat-soluble, so they should be found in the fatty tissues of tertiary consumers even though the compounds have been banned for decades.

oligotrophic

clear