APHG Chapter 10 Key Issues 3 + 4

Coca leaf

1/2 of the worlds in Colombia, most of the rest is in Peru + Bolivia

Opium

80% in Afghanistan, most of the rest in Myanmar(Burma)

Rest crop

A crop that helps restore a field (clover)

How have efficient agricultural practices, fertilizers, and mechanical equipment created a problem for commercial farmers?

A surplus of food can be produced because of wide spread adoption of efficient agricultural practices

What is the irony between the amount of land devoted to crops vs. animals and the income generated by this in each region?

A typical mixed crop + livestock farm devotes nearly all land area to growing crops but derives nearly 3/4 of its income from the sale of animal products.

In what way are animals treated differently in sustainable agriculture?

Animals consume crops grown on the farm and aren't confined to small pens

What has ridge tillage done for the world?

Caused better growth of crops.

In what different ways is corn used?

Consumed by people as oil, margarine, and other food products. Most is fed to pigs and cattle.

What are the 2 groups that fruit farmers sell their crops to?

Consumers and processors

What is the principal difference between grain grown in commercial grain farming regions and grains grown in mixed crop and livestock regions?

Crops on a grain farm are grown primarily for consumption by humans instead of livestock

What are most crops in the Mediterranean used for?

Human consumption

What problems do dairy farmers currently face?

Labor-intensive and winter feed

How does the increasing population play both a negative and positive role?

Land avaliability

Fallow

Land that is left to rest

3 conditions that make the US southeast an ideal location for commercial gardening and fruit farming

Long growing season Humid climate Accessible to large markets of New York, Philadelphia, and Washington

How do farmers and combine companies make use of the fact that the wheat matures at different times in the spring and winter wheat belt?

Machinery can be used throughout the year, spreading the cost of expensive equipment your long

Marijuana

Majority is in Mexico

What are the 6 main types of commercial agriculture practiced in MDC's?

Mixed crop and livestock farming, grain farming, Mediterranean agriculture, dairy farming, livestock ranching, commercial gardening and fruit farming.

What country is the world's largest producer of dairy products? Who is second?

New Zealand, United states

What are the most important crops of Mediterranean regions?

Olives and grapes

What are the climatic conditions of Mediterranean climate and agriculture?

Provide moisture and moderate the winter temp. summers are hot + dry. Provide fruits, vegetables, and flower/tree crops.

What type of climate is livestock best adapted to?

Semiarid/arid land

Ranching

The commercial grazing of livestock over an extensive area

What are the three regions of large-scale grain production in North America?

The winter wheat belt, the spring wheat belt, and the palouse region

Why do some regions specialize in "milk products" like cheese and butter rather than fluid milk?

They are situated further away from consumers and those products are more easily kept fresh. Western areas, far from urban areas.

Where is mixed crop and livestock farming common?

US west of the Appalachians + east of 98 degrees west longitude, and much of France +Russia.

Cereal grains

a grass yielding grain for food (oat, wheat, barley)

Where is the US Corn Belt and what crop is making rapid inroads among farms there?

extends from Ohio to the Dakotas w/ its center in Iowa. Soybeans.

How does mixed crop and livestock farming allow farmers to more evenly distribute their workload?

fields require less attention in winter than in spring(planting) and fall(harvesting). Livestock require year-long attention.

3 advantages of ridge tillage

lower production costs, greater soil conservation, minimum of soil disturbance from harvest to next planting

3 principal practices that distinguish farmers practicing sustainable agriculture

sensitive land management, limited use of chemicals, and better integration of crops and livestock

Milkshed

the area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied.

What is the dilemma that is faced by LDC's as they seek to increase the amount of export crops to sell to MDC?

the more land that is devoted to growing export crops for domestic consumption rather than helping funds generated needed to feed people due to growing export crops