APHUG Chapter 12 Services

62)Discuss the possible reasons for the origin of settlements.

1) Burial of the dead 2) places to house families 3) the need for tools, clothing, and other important factors led to the origin of settlements 4) Also protection of a groups land.

40)A firm that sells its products primarily to consumers outside its settlement is a A)basic industry. B)nonbasic industry. C)functional classification. D)consumer service. E)primate city.

A)basic industry.

18)Most people in the world live in what type of settlement? A)clustered rural B)primordial C)urban settlement D)metropolitan area E)dispersed rural

A)clustered rural

3)The CBD attracts offices primarily because of its A)high accessibility. B)construction of skyscrapers. C)more intensive land use. D)access to manufacturing facilities. E)high land costs.

A)high accessibility.

48)What factors determine where back office services will locate in LDCs? A)low wage rates and workers who can speak English B)political stability and cultural diversity C)market threshold and service range D)military training and proximity to command and control centers E)tax advantages and bank secrecy laws

A)low wage rates and workers who can speak English

44)A central place is a A)market center. B)hinterland. C)range of a good. D)rank-size distribution. E)circular settlement.

A)market center.

32)In a linear community, the best location for a service is the A)median. B)hinterland. C)meridian D)range. E)threshold.

A)median.

37)If a country's largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants and the second largest city has 200,000 inhabitants, the country follows what distribution? A)primate city B)equidistant C)economic base D)rank-size E)central place

A)primate city

21)The most significant anticipated benefit of the enclosure movement was to A)promote agricultural efficiency. B)destroy traditional village life. C)replace abandoned villages with new farmsteads. D)discourage urbanization. E)all of the above

A)promote agricultural efficiency.

24)The fall of the Roman Empire in the fifth century A. D. brought about what change in urban settlements? A)reduction in urban population B)revival of urban life C)increased trade D)rapid urbanization E)development of city-states

A)reduction in urban population

31)The minimum number of people needed to support a service is A)threshold. B)hinterland. C)meridian D)range. E)median.

A)threshold.

1)The area of the city where retail and office activities historically were clustered was the A)central city. B)central business district. C)urbanized area. D)hub. E)metropolitan statistical area.

B) Central Business District

38)Why is the absence of a rank-size distribution significant in a country like Romania? A)The capital city Bucharest is a primate city. B)Consumers do not all have access to goods and services. C)Consumers do not have to travel far for goods and services. D)Consumers are less likely to take buses to obtain goods and services. E)Central planning improved settlement distribution.

B)Consumers do not all have access to goods and services.

22)Clustered rural settlements were most common in which region of colonial America? A)Southeast B)New England C)Middle Atlantic D)Coastal margins E)all of the above

B)New England

26)The city-state is an example of A)an early form of urban settlement. B)a state dominated by its major city. C)a local government of the Roman Empire. D)diffuse political functions. E)a functional region.

B)a state dominated by its major city

17)A place where farm buildings, homes, and churches are found close together is what kind of settlement? A)linear B)clustered rural C)urban D)primordial E)dispersed rural

B)clustered rural

46)One of the most important basic activities in the southern Great Lakes region is A)high technology services. B)manufacturing of durable goods. C)government and education. D)entertainment and recreation facilities. E)manufacturing of textiles.

B)manufacturing of durable goods.

42)The hierarchical organization of settlements by size is known as the A)gravity model. B)rank-size rule. C)nesting of settlements. D)primate city. E)economic base.

B)rank-size rule.

23)The plantation was a common form of rural settlement in which region of colonial America? A)Coastal margins B)Middle Atlantic C)Southeast D)New England E)all of the above

C)Southeast

34)The geometric pattern which geographers use to represent market areas is A)a square. B)an octagon. C)a hexagon. D)a circle. E)a pentagon.

C)a hexagon.

5)As a result of high land costs, the American CBD is characterized by A)sprawl. B)high threshold and range. C)construction of skyscrapers. D)less intensive land use. E)reuse of existing buildings

C)construction of skyscrapers.

9)Public transportation is better suited for commuting to the CBD primarily because A)it is less expensive. B)the population of the CBD has declined. C)each traveler takes up less space. D)private transportation is prohibited. E)commuters desire to use it.

C)each traveler takes up less space.

19)The French long-lot system was developed primarily because of A)common grazing land. B)inheritance laws. C)need for access to a river. D)collective land ownership. E)long distance between farms.

C)need for access to a river.

41)Attracting a new basic industry is important to a community, primarily because it A)changes the community's functional classification. B)changes the nation's rank-size distribution of settlements. C)stimulates new nonbasic industries. D)replaces obsolete industry. E)disrupts the central place hierarchy.

C)stimulates new nonbasic industries.

49)What technical development has allowed back office services to relocate to LDCs? A)financial market reforms B)standard time zones C)telecommunications D)improved public health services in tropical countries E)effective trademark enforcement

C)telecommunications

15)Residents of rural settlements are more likely than residents of urban settlements to work in A)manufacturing. B)education. C)services. D)agriculture. E)all of the above

D)agriculture.

12)The most likely religious reason for the origin of settlements was a place to A)celebrate seasonal festivals. B)educate children. C)house the ruler. D)bury the dead. E)protect the group's assets.

D)bury the dead.

33)According to the gravity model, the potential use of a service at a location is related A)inversely to both distance and population. B)directly to distance and inversely to population. C)to the presence of other services. D)directly to population and inversely to distance. E)directly to both population and distance.

D)directly to population and inversely to distance.

16)Rural settlements differ from urban settlements primarily according to which type of activity? A)religious B)cultural C)educational D)economic E)political

D)economic

20)The most significant impact on the rural landscape of Great Britain's enclosure movement was to A)discourage urbanization. B)reinforce the traditional clustered rural settlement pattern. C)increase rural population. D)encourage a dispersed rural settlement pattern. E)all of the above

D)encourage a dispersed rural settlement pattern.

29)The area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted is the A)meridian B)range. C)median. D)hinterland. E)threshold.

D)hinterland.

8)A land use typically excluded from a North American CBD is A)government. B)retail. C)office. D)industrial. E)B and C

D)industrial.

47)LDCs specialize in what two types of business services? A)biotechnology and medical research B)regional command and control centers C)management consulting and staff training D)offshore financial and back office E)entertainment and recreation

D)offshore financial and back office

25)The typical medieval European urban settlements were characterized by the A)dispersal of palaces, churches, and other important buildings throughout the town. B)broad avenues in residential districts. C)provision of parks and open space surrounding important churches. D)placement of buildings around a central market square. E)demolition of ancient walls surrounding the town.

D)placement of buildings around a central market square.

30)The maximum distance people are willing to travel for a service is A)median. B)hinterland. C)meridian D)range. E)threshold.

D)range.

2)Retail activities which tend to concentrate in the CBD include those which have A)a need for rapid transportation. B)a low threshold. C)a low range. D)service for office workers. E)all of the above

D)service for office workers.

28)Business services provide what kind of services? A)diffusion and distribution of services B)product sales C)security and protection D)services to businesses E)services for the wellbeing of individuals

D)services to businesses

45)Which of the following is a basic economic activity? A)travel agency B)grocery store C)gas station D)steel mill E)video rental store

D)steel mill

36)If a country follows the rank-size rule, if the largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants, how many people live in the fifth largest city? A)50,000 B) 100,000 C) 500,000 D) 5,000,000 E) 200,000

E) 200,000

39)A market area is a good example of what kind of region? A)formal B) cultural C) diverse D) uniform E) functional

E) functional

14)Economic reasons for settlements include which of the following? A)warehousing B)defense C)trading D)manufacturing E)All of the above

E)All of the above

11)Which of the following is a cultural reason for establishing a settlement? A)manufacturing B)religion C)family protection D)politics E)all of the above

E)all of the above

43)A primate city is A)the center of gravity for a hinterland. B)a city with political, economic, and cultural functions. C)the seat of a Roman Catholic diocese. D)a rapidly growing city. E)at least twice as large as the next smaller city.

E)at least twice as large as the next smaller city.

10)Because so few people live in the CBD, urban areas are characterized by a high degree of A)skyscrapers. B)blockbusting. C)threshold. D)restrictive zoning. E)commuting.

E)commuting.

4)Land values are high in the CBD primarily because of A)high threshold and range. B)less intensive land use. C)lack of residential space. D)construction of skyscrapers. E)competition for limited space.

E)competition for limited space.

50)Recent decades have seen greatest employment increases in which consumer service sector? A)temporary employment B)transportation C)entertainment D)retail E)health

E)health

35)Larger settlements are A)more numerous and farther apart. B)less numerous and closer together. C)more numerous and evenly dispersed. D)more numerous and closer together. E)less numerous and farther apart.

E)less numerous and farther apart.

27)Which of the following is not primarily a Consumer Service? A)retail services B)education services C)health services D)hospitality services E)professional services

E)professional services

13)The most important political reason for the origin of settlements was a place to A)house the ruler. 13) _____ B)celebrate seasonal festivals. C)educate children. D)bury the dead. E)protect the group's assets.

E)protect the group's assets.

6)What activity tends to locate on the street-level floor of a skyscraper in a typical North American CBD? A)industrial B)education C)government D)office E)retail

E)retail

7)European CBDs are similar to those in North America because they both contain A)extensive residential areas. B)skyscrapers. C)high density residential space. D)structures inherited from medieval times. E)retail and office activities.

E)retail and office activities.

51)Rapid urbanization continues today in the more developed countries.

F

52)People who live in rural settlements are more likely to engage in secondary sector economic activities

F

57)Most inhabitants of developing countries live in urban areas.

F

59)The threshold of a service is the maximum distance that most of the customers are willing to travel.

F

60)Cities grew rapidly in Europe immediately after the collapse of the Roman Empire.

F

61)Business services are more likely to cluster in specialized business-service centers than in world cities or regional command and control centers

F

65)Outline the steps a retailer should take in selecting the optimal location for a store.

First indentify a possible site, and within a certain range indetify the location of potential users. Measure the distance from each potential user and divide each potential user by the distance to the site, and add them all together. Select a second possible site and repeat steps. Compare the results and the site with the highest score=the highest potential users=optimal location.

53)Linear settlement patterns were brought to North America by the French.

T

54)The colonial New England rural settlement pattern was clustered.

T

55)The frequency of periodic markets varies by culture.

T

56)Copenhagen and London are primate cities even though they are located in more developed countries.

T

58)According to the rank-size rule, if the largest city in a country contains 1,000,000 inhabitants, the fifth largest city should contain 200,000 inhabitants.

T

63)Outline the major principles of central place theory.

The central place theory holds that service providers will locate in a central market place to attract the maximum number of customers from the surrounding market area. The size of the market area is the is based on range, maximum distance a consumer will travel to receive the service, and threshold, the minimum number of consumers needed to remain in business survive.

64)Discuss the impact of globalization on modern world cities.

Globalization of modern world cities was expected to reduce the need for clustering of services in large cities. Instead, it dispersed economic activities such as manufacturing, but transportation and communication reinforce the importance of world cities in the global economy. For example, world cities offer financial services to businesses and it attracts the headquarters of major banks and other important financial institutions. World cities also have retail services with extensive market areas, and tend to be centers of national or international political power.