APHY 102 Ch. 24

Renal columns are

bundles of tissue that extend between pyramids from the cortex.

The urethral lining consists of:

stratified squamous epithelium near the external urethral orifice.

Where does most nutrient reabsorption occur?

1

The prominent indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the

hilum

When the pH of body fluids decreases, which of the following are secreted in exchange for sodium ions reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubule?

hydrogen ions

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) decreases,

more urine is produced and the osmolarity of the urine decreases.

The U-shaped segment of the nephron is the

nephron loop (loop of Henle).

The efferent arteriole of a nephron divides to form a network of capillaries within the cortex called the ________ capillaries.

peritubular

Each of the following is a normal constituent of urine, except

proteins

The filtrate first passes from the glomerular capsule to the

proximal convoluted tubule

Triangular or conical structures located in the renal medulla are called

pyramids

The proximal convoluted tubule is the main region responsible for _____ .

reabsorbing nutrients

Each of the following organs is part of the urinary system, except the

rectum

The detrusor muscle

compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine through the urethra.

Eighty-five percent of nephrons in the human kidney are located in the ________ and have short nephron loops.

cortex

The majority of glomeruli are located in the ________ of the kidney.

cortex

Contraction of which structure compresses the urinary bladder and expels its contents into the urethra?

detrusor muscle

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the

distal convoluted tubule

______ deliver blood to the glomerulus.

Afferent arterioles

Which area is sensitive to the hormone ADH?

5 and 6

What percentage of nutrients (glucose, amino acids, etc) are reabsorbed in the PCT?

99%

Which of the following formulas will allow you to calculate the net filtration pressure (FP)? (Hint: GHP = glomerular hydrostatic pressure, BCOP = blood colloidal osmotic pressure , CsHP = capsular hydrostatic pressure.)

FP = GHP - (CsHP + BCOP)

Which ion/solute movement or event does not occur in the distal convoluted tubule?

Osmosis pulls water out of the tubular fluid and into the peritubular fluid.

Which of these components of the nephron is largely confined to the renal medulla?

collecting ducts

The process of filtration is driven by

blood hydrostatic pressure

The ability to form concentrated urine depends on the functions of

both the collecting duct and the nephron loop (loop of Henle).

The glomeruli are best described as being tufts of

capillaries

What is the function of the vasa recta?

collect and transport water and solutes within the renal medulla in the juxtamedullary nephron

Urine passes, in the order given, through which of the following structures?

collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra

Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?

excretes excess albumin molecules

What physiological process occurs at the structure labeled "2"?

filtration

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term calyx?

final urine enters here

The amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys each minute is called the ________.

glomerular filtration rate

Under normal conditions, glomerular filtration depends on three main pressures: Which of those pressures is a pressure that favors the filtration pressure?

glomerular hydrostatic pressure

Antidiuretic hormone

increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water.

Glomerular (Bowman's) capsule and the glomerulus make up the

renal corpuscle

The expanded beginning of the ureter connects to the

renal pelvis

Sympathetic innervation in the kidneys adjusts blood flow and blood pressure at the glomeruli, and stimulates the release of ______.

renin

The process of filtration occurs at

the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule.

Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by

the ureters

The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by ________ epithelium.

transitional

The area of the urinary bladder bounded by the openings of the two ureters and the urethra is called the ________.

trigone

The conversion of ammonia into a less toxic substance produces

urethra

The ________ is a capillary plexus that parallels the nephron loop (loop of Henle).

vasa recta