Apparel Product Development
Color forecasting services predict color trends ______in advance of when the product is available to consumers.
18 months to 2 years
_____ is/are the main reason(s) a fashion company would want to become a publicly traded corporation.
Ability to raise capital and increase resources
Effective supply chain management in the fashion industry depends on all of the following except:
Ability to vertically integrate most design, development, manufacturing, and distribution systems.
A _____ is an association of two or more persons to carry on as co-owners of a business for profit.
partnership
Which of the following statements about supply chain management in fashion is false?
Because there are no contractors in the United States, domestic production for US fashion brand companies requires that they own their factories.
Which of the following would be considered psychographic information about a target customer?
preferences, attitudes, and personality
In the United States, the Textile Fiber Products Identification Act, the Flammable Fabrics Act, and the Care Labeling of Textile Wearing Apparel are all associated with business practices to ____.
protect consumers
Which of the following is a type of secondary data that might be used by a fashion company in its marketing research?
Data that have already been collected and are available to the company or in the public domain
Which of the following is not a key aspect of design of fashion products?
Design is designer-centered with a focus on addressing needs, wants, or problems of the designer through the creative process.
Which of the following is not a type of information that marketing research can usually provide?
Economic information such as estimates of profits for a particular style
This type of research utilizes independent and dependent variables to determine the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable and is often used in textile testing.
Experimental design
Unique to the fashion industry, this financial agency allows a business to receive a cash advance based on the value of its current invoices.
Factor
Which of the following supply chain calendars is characterized by continual color and trend forecasting, continual retail budget and assortment planning, and integrated design, development, and manufacturing systems?
Fast fashion
Which of the following statements about fibers is true?
Fibers are divided into two primary divisions: natural fibers and manufactured fibers.
This type of interview technique brings together groups of consumers to answer questions and engage in a discussion led by a moderator.
Focus group
_____ are often used when a fashion brand retailer wants to expand its retail concepts into new territories.
Franchise agreements
contractors provide design, development, and manufacturing services.
Full-package
______ provide design and preproduction services, fabrics, trims, and labor for manufacturing fashions.
Full-package contractors (both domestic and offshore)
Which of the following is not an example of licensing intellectual property in the fashion industry?
Hanesbrands Inc. use of dedicated contractors for manufacturing merchandise.
Which of the following statements about the ready-to-wear (RTW) industry is false?
In France, the RTW industry is known as haute couture.
Which of the following is not a leading economic indicator to predict the health of the economies of countries?
Interest rates or cost of borrowing money
Which of the following is NOT an example of a textile trade show?
JustFashion
To determine the retail price of a garment, this pricing strategy is used when the cost of manufacturing is doubled to determine the wholesale cost and then doubled to determine the retail cost.
Keystone pricing
_____ are designs that are very similar to designs of more expensive and best-selling designs sold at lower prices than the original.
Knock-offs
Which of the following statements about licensing agreements in the fashion industry is false?
Licensing is an advantage for the licensee as that person or company is guaranteed royalties regardless of the popularity of the licensed name or image.
Which of the following is NOT a method for pattern development?
Marker making
Which of the following statements about price zones of fashion brands is true?
SPA brands can be found at several price zones.
_____ is the percentage of items sold at retail compared to the number of items in the line that were manufactured.
Sell through
Which of the following statements about corporations is true?
Several publicly traded corporations in the fashion industry, including Gap Inc., Nike, and Walmart Inc., are also multinational corporations.
Professionals in the _____ area of a fashion brand company forecast fashion trends and trends in consumer purchasing behavior in order to develop color, fabric, and garment silhouette directions for the company's merchandise offerings.
research and merchandising
This manufacturing system relies on simple designs, limited materials, integrated computer technology, and effective PLM systems. short-cycle mass-production one off production made-to-measure
short-cycle
The pattern for a new garment style can be created by beginning with a basic block, also called a _____.
sloper
Unlimited liability is a characteristic of which of the following business entities?
sole proprietorship
The decision by a fashion brand company about where and by whom to purchase materials and contract production is known as ______.
sourcing
Colors that appear frequently in the fashion cycle, such as black, white, and beige are referred to as _____.
staple colors
Which of the following is not a type of legal business entity in today's fashion industry?
start-up
The fashion brand company carefully examines the _______ before giving approval to print production yardage. This is a fabric sample that is printed by the textile converter. It shows the rendition of the textile print made from the artwork submitted to the textile converter by the apparel company.
strike off
Patagonia's Footprint Chronicles are an excellent example of________, which refers to the effective communication of where, how, and by whom all aspects of a fashion product are made and distributed.
supply chain transparency
Which of the following is NOT a reason an active sportswear apparel company may decide to expand its offerings by introducing a new line of sportswear.
the creative director hires new designers
Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of computerized pattern design systems?
accuracy of the patterns is decreased
Fashion company A purchases fashion company B and assumes ownership of fashion company B's assets and liabilities. This strategy for company expansion is called a/an _____.
acquisition
Garments may be eliminated at the line review meeting for the following reason(s): estimate cost is higher than the target customer's expectation styling is too similar to another garment in the line the design, fabrics, and/or trims may pose potential problems in production all of the above
all of the above
Sewing operators' wages are computed based on which of the following? the number of pieces sewn at the end of each workday or week a team wage calculation rate, with bonuses for high productivity and/or low rate of errors an hourly rate, based on a standard set by law and the company all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following information is generally included on the garment Tech Pack? a sketch of the garment style a fabric swatch construction details all of the above none of the above
all of the above
Corporations are created by filing ____, which outline the purpose, scope, operations, and time frame for the corporation.
articles of incorporation
In corporations, stockholders elect the corporation's ____ who serve as the chief governing body of the corporation.
board of directors
A fashion brand company (licensor) may use licensing agreements to expand their product offerings by creating ____, which refers to new products with their brand name.
brand extensions
The creation of a strong ____ is determined by the company through the company's brand strategy including logo, advertising, and promotional messaging created by the company.
brand identity
Weaving and knitting are the two most common methods of ____.
fabric construction
A person who has the ideal body proportions of a brand's target customer and is used to evaluate a prototype garment is referred to as a(an)
fit model
Which of the following is not considered an external resource used for fashion trend research?
focus group feedback
The textile industry is organized around four basic components of textile production, including all of the following except:
garment construction
Which of the following is not an advantage of the vertical integration supply chain strategy?
greater ability to use dedicated contractors for product development and manufacturing
Advantages of limited liability companies include all of the following except:
greater opportunity for employee advancement than corporations
The supply chain strategy used by Qurate Retail Group™ in which the company owns seven retail brands (QVC, HSN, zulily, Ballard Designs, Frontgate, Garnet Hill, and Grandin Road) is known as _____.
horizontal integration
Laws verifying legal hiring processes throughout a fashion company's supply chain are designed to eradicate _____.
human trafficking and modern slavery
Which of the following is an example of trademark infringement in the fashion industry?
illegal practice of a fashion brand's logo being copied and used on counterfeit products
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of CAD over traditional pattern making?
increased need for CAD technical support
Joan, Cynthia, and Maria are co-owners of a small fashion brand company. Joan and Cynthia handle all of the operations of the company. Maria invested in the company but does not engage in the company's operation and is only liable for the amount she invested. Maria would be considered a _____.
limited partner
Which of the following is NOT a component of a design brief? description of the target customer for the line supply chain calendar that will be used design inspiration or theme of the line listing of promotional tools the fashion company will use to market the line
listing of promotional tools the fashion company will use to market the line
Which of the following is not used by fashion brand companies as a criterion in making decisions about where they will contract production?
location of the design headquarters of the fashion brand company
Economic trends, the business climate, and cost of living expenses are included in the _____ for fashion companies.
long-range forecasting
Fashion brand companies compete with one another for ____, which refers to the percentage of total volume a particular company or brand captures.
market share
The process of planning, collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and applying data relevant for a company to make strategic decisions is known as ________.
marketing research
A fashion brand company's ____ is a brief description of the company's fundamental purpose for its customers and society.
mission statement
The most common form of competition in the fashion industry is _____.
monopolistic competition
Manufacturing fashions around the world was spurred by which of the following developments? quick and easy transfer of information electronically from design through distribution relatively low labor costs relatively fast production and worker productivity All of the above
All of the above
Sewing a prototype garment provides the opportunity to do which of the following? test the design in selected fabric evaluate the garment style on a live fit model perform a cost analysis for materials and labor costs All of the above
All of the above
Who is responsible for developing a design brief? Creative Director and Designers Product developers Merchandisers All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following is not an example of a SPA?
Caslon for Nordstrom
The country of origin of a jacket designed in the United States, made with fabric from Japan, cut and sewn in a factory in China, and sold by a US retailer would be ________.
China
_____ is an egregious form of trademark infringement whereby there is an intentional reproduction of a genuine trademarked product for the purpose of misleading the consumer to believe they are purchasing the genuine product.
Counterfeiting
_____ refers to the strategy used by fashion brand companies to combine apparel and accessories in their product offerings and visual merchandising.
Cross-merchandising
_____ refers to the management processes related to buying and selling fashion products; that is, product assortment planning, acquisition, pricing, presentation, and sales to fulfill a company's financial goals.
Merchandising
_____ refers to production in a country outside the country where the merchandise will be sold at retail.
Offshore production
retail integration results in retail formats (e.g., brick-and-mortar, online) being integrated to create a seamless shopping experience for the consumer.
Omnichannel
This company created the "color language tool" in which specific numbers are associated with specific colors.
Pantone
_____ is the systematic increasing and decreasing a pattern to develop other sizes of a garment.
Pattern grading
Which of the following is not considered part of what is referred to as a company's marketing mix?
Planning
Which of the following statements about sustainable supply chains in the fashion industry is false?
Practices of fashion brand companies that enhance economic, environmental, social and cultural sustainability focus almost entirely on safe and healthy manufacturing facilities.
_____ are the businesses that make a profit by selling goods and services to the ultimate consumer.
Retailers
____ are affiliated with a parent fashion brand company but carry a different name than the parent company.
Sub-brands
Which of the following statements about textile designers is false?
Textile designers primarily work for full-package contractors
Which of the following is not an example of a trade association?
The Business of Fashion
Which of the following statements about the global fashion industry is false? -The global fashion industry is primarily comprised of very large multinational corporations that offer similar merchandise around the world. -The fashion supply chain includes all of the interconnected individuals, businesses, and processes that are necessary to get a product to the ultimate consumer. -Companies across the global fashion supply chain are engaged in design, manufacturing, merchandising, and marketing products. -The global fashion or soft goods industry includes businesses associated with apparel, footwear, accessories, and home fashions.
The global fashion industry is primarily comprised of very large multinational corporations that offer similar merchandise around the world.
The _____ supply chain calendar is based on a fashion system whereby fashion brands research and design fashion collections two to six times per year and market their collections to retail buyers who purchase styles to be sold to the ultimate consumer.
Traditional
Which of the following would not be an example of a business goal for a fashion brand company?
We strive to be the best company in the world within our product category.
Which of the following statements about contract production is false?
With contract production, fashion brand companies control all aspects of production thus assuring the quality of merchandise that will be shipped.
Which of the following is not an example of intellectual property in the global fashion industry?
children's pajamas made of fabrics that comply with the laws that require children's sleepwear be flame-resistant
Organizational and company __________ are guidelines that outline human resources, health and safety, and labor and environmental standards that must be met by contract factories and other suppliers.
codes of conduct
The term __________ generally refers to the fashions presented by luxury/designer fashion brand companies that present their styles through runway/catwalk fashion shows.
collection
Colors that are brought together to create a theme or statement for a line are referred to as ______.
color stories
Fiber producers may create fabric that is then made into garments to see how the new fiber may be used. These garments are known as ______.
concept garments
Direct-to-consumer fashion brands typically integrate design, marketing, and retailing functions of their supply chain and use _____ for manufacturing functions.
cut, make, and trim contractors
Age, occupation, and gender are considered__________ information related to consumer research.
demographic
When comparing and evaluating sourcing alternatives, costs associated with ______ (i.e., taxes on imports) must be taken into consideration.
duties
WWW, Apparel magazine, and Sourcing Journal are examples of _____.
trade publications
Fashion companies that use a _____ supply chain strategy to own and control several stages of production or several sectors of their supply chains.
vertical integration
Fashion trends are said to reflect the social "spirit of the times," also known as ________.
zeitgeist
A design objective that results in 100% fabric utilization is referred to as ____ design.
zero-waste
