Application Development Exam 1 study guide

Which is easier to locate, a Syntax or Logical error?

A logical error is more difficult to locate. EX: it is easier to pick out that eggs is spelled incorrectly than it is for you to tell if there are too many eggs being added.

What is a Block?

A group of statements that execute as a single unit. (ex if you place a sequence structure in a selection structure)

What is a loop and what is it used for?

A loop is used when you want a set of instructions executed over and over again.

What is a Identifier?

A variables Name

What is a Boolean Expression?

An expression whose value can only be true or false.

In a Flowchart you use a parallelogram for what?

An input symbol and a output symbol

What do structured techniques promote?

Clarity, professionalism, efficiency, modularity.

What is the process of walking through a program's logic on paper before you actually write the program?

Desk-checking?

What is a Planning tool?

Develops the overall relationship of program modules before you write them

What do you call a pre-selected value that stops the execution of a program?

Dummy value but sometimes it is called a sentinel value.

(True of false) Many programming languages use the term fe (file end) to refer to a marker that automatically acts as a sentinel value?

False. The correct term to use to end a program is eof (End of file)

What is an IDE? and what is is used for?

Integrated development environment. It is a software package that provides an editor, compiler, and other programming tools.

What is a data item's data type?

Is a classification that describes: - what values can be held by the item -how the item is stored in the computers memory -what operations can be performed on the data item.

What is an algorithm?

Is the sequence of steps necessary to solve any problem.

What is initializing the variable?

Is when you are declaring a starting value.

What does Selection structure do?

It ask a question, and will take one of two actions (ex: what if statements)

What is a Compound condition?

It asks multiple questions before an outcome is determined

What does a "endwhile" statement end?

It ends a loop structure.

What does the "endif" statement end?

It ends an if-then-else structure

What is Spaghetti code?

It is a popular name for logically snarled program statements, which is often a complicated mess that is very hard to follow.

What does a Loop structure do?

It repeats actions while a condition remains true.

In a Flowchart you use a rectangle for what?

Processing symbol.

Structured logic?

Programs that do follow the rules of structured logic.

What are unstructured programs?

Programs that do not follow the rules of structured logic.

What is it called when you attach structures end-to-end?

Stacking structures

A Program with syntax errors cannot be fully translated and cannot execute. (True or False)

True

What is an infinite loop?

a repeating flow of logic with no end.

What will happen if a program contains Logical Errors?

the program will still execute but will produce a incorrect output.

What is a variables unknown value called?

Garbage

What are the Rules of Precedence (Order of operations)?

-Dictate the order in which operations in the same statement are carried out -Expressions within parentheses are evaluated first -Multiplication and division are evaluated next •From left to right -Addition and subtraction are evaluated next •From left to right

What is a Prompt?

-Message displayed on a monitor to ask the user for a response -Used both in command-line and GUI interactive programs

What is a Hierarchy chart used for?

-Shows the overall picture of how modules are related to one another -Tells you which modules exist within a program and which modules call others -Specific module may be called from several locations within a program

What is a Named Constant?

-Similar to a variable -Can be assigned a value only once -Assign a useful name to a value that will never be changed during a program's execution

What is the program development cycle? (1-7)

1. Understanding the problem 2. Plan the Logic 3. Code the Program 4. Use Software to translate the program into Machine language 5. Test the program 6. Put the program into production 7. Maintain the program.

What are the rules of a structured loop?

1. You ask a question 2. If the answer indicates you should execute the loop body, then you do so. 3. If you execute the loop body, then you must go right back to repeat the question.

How do you develop correct Logic?

1. You must write program instructions in a specific sequence. 2. You must not leave any instructions out. 3. and you must not add extraneous instructions.

What shape do you use to represent a decision?

A diamond

What is a Declaration?

A statement that provides a data type and an identifier for a variable.

What does Documentation consist of?

All the supporting paperwork for a program.

What is the process of finding and correcting program errors?

Debugging

What does eof stand for? When is it used?

End of file. eof is used to indicate the end of data whenever using a dummy value is impractical or inconvenient.

What is a else clause?

Executes only when the tested condition in the decision is false

What are the two most common planning tools in programming?

Flowcharts and Pseudocode

What do we get when statements contribute to the same job?

Functional cohesion

What is a if-then clause?

Holds the action or actions that execute when the tested condition in the decision is true

(True or false) The operand to the left of an assignment operator must be a name that represents a memory address

True

What does HouseKeeping task include?

Includes any steps you must perform at the beginning of a program to get ready for the rest of the program.

What must be developed correctly to make a program work?

Logic

What does a Numeric data type consist of?

Numbers

Who does a computer program write programs for?

Other users or end users

What is a echoing input?

Repeating input back to a user either in a subsequent prompt or in output

(True or False) Structures can be combined in an infinite number of ways.

True

(True or False) Structures can be stacked or connected to one another only at their entry or exit points

True

(True of false) A preselected value that stops the execution of a program is often called a dummy value or sentinel value?

True

(True of false) A program that contains an infinite loop is one that never ends?

True

(True or False) All logic problems can be solved using only sequence, selection, and loop.

True

(True or False) Although the syntax of programming languages differs, the same program logic can be expressed in different languages.

True

(True or False) Flowcharts can be made structured by untangling.

True

(True or False) If name is a string variable, then the statement set name = "ED" is valid

True

(True or False) Most simple computer programs include steps that perform input, processing and output?

True

What are programs that use spaghetti code?

Unstructured programs

What does a sequence structure do?

Will perform actions in order and does not have any branching or skipping of task.

What does a string data type consist of?

anything not used in math (Text)

Statements taken out of a main program and put into a module have been___________

encapsulated

What is Object-oriented programming?

focuses of object, or "things" and describes their features (attributes) and behaviors.

What is Procedural programming?

focuses on the procedures that a programmer creates.

What is a Variable?

is a named memory location, whose value can vary.

What is a Flowchart

is a pictorial representation of pseudocode.

What is Pseudocode?

is an English-like representation of the logical steps it take to solve a problem.

What is a priming read?

is an added statement that gets the first input value in a program.

What do the most simple computer programs steps include?

steps that perform input, processing, and output. ex: input myNumber (Input Operation) set myAnswer = myNumber * 2 (Processing Operation) output myAnswer (Output Operation)

What does Type-Safety prevent?

stops you from assigning values of an incorrect data type

What is Nesting structures?

when you place a structure within another structure.