APUSH 19 & 20 ap classroom

The People's (Populist) Party emerged most directly in response to which of the following late-nineteenth-century trends? A) The efforts of businesses to gain control over markets and resources abroad B) The influx of migrants from Asia and southern and eastern Europe C) The growth of corporate power in agriculture and the economy D) The development of political machines

C

Which of the following contributed to reducing the conflict that article 11 and similar provisions of other treaties were designed to address? A) The rerouting of several major railroads to avoid tribal lands B) A decrease in the number of White settlers traveling near reservations C) The implementation of government conservation policies that protected large areas of public land D) The destruction of nearly the entire population of buffalo

D

W. E. B. Du Bois differed in philosophy from Booker T. Washington in that Du Bois believed A) African Americans should pursue immediate and full equality B) economic success would lead to political equality C) job training was ultimately more important than formal education D) civil rights would come through local efforts rather than national organization E) segregation was a southern problem more than a national one

A

Which of the following is a difference between White's and Hahn's claims in the excerpts about how American Indian societies changed in the late 1800s? A) White claims that reservations reduced American Indian autonomy from the United States, while Hahn claims reservations could be used to resist federal encroachment. B) White argues that federal supervision of American Indians decreased, while Hahn argues that the United States came to control all aspects of their lives on reservations. C) White argues that federal supervision of American Indians decreased, while White asserts that American Indians came to be governed directly by the United States, while Hahn asserts that they remained outside the jurisdiction of the United States. D) White contends that American Indians retained possession of much land, while Hahn contends that they lost possession of most of their land to United States settlers.

A

Which of the following pairs of immigrant groups were most prominent in the construction of the first transcontinental railroad? A) Chinese and Irish B) Irish and Japanese C) Chinese and Japanese D) Italians and Irish E) Chinese and Italians

A

Which of the following was a long-term development that contributed to the change in Chinese immigration depicted in the graph between 1875 and 1885? A) Chinese laborers competed with White laborers for jobs and mineral wealth during the 1850s and 1860s. B) Chinese recruits were used to replace White soldiers in the Union army during the Civil War. C) Chinese immigrants filled most of the factory jobs created during the market revolution. D) Chinese farmers settled American Indian lands taken by the United States in the 1830s and 1840s.

A

City bosses and urban political machines in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries did which of the following? A) They enabled the urban middle class to participate more effectively in politics. B) They provided some welfare for poor immigrants in exchange for political support. They encouraged racial integration of residential neighborhoods. C) They discouraged railroad and highway construction to prevent people from moving out of urban areas. D) They promoted prohibition and the abolition of prostitution.

B

Pratt's arguments in the excerpt in support of his school for American Indians had most in common with the arguments of which of the following groups? A) Business leaders in the later 1800s who maintained that laissez-faire policies would best encourage economic growth B) Some social reformers in the later 1800s who founded settlement houses for newly arrived immigrants C) African American activists in the early 1900s who advocated for separation from White society D) Anti-imperialists in the early 1900s who opposed United States governance of non-White peoples overseas

B

The cartoon suggests that the disparate groups that favored the People's (Populist) Party typically shared which of the following? A) The idea that wealthy people had some obligation to help people living in poverty B) Belief in a stronger federal government role in the United States economic system C) Support for United States expansionism D) Advocacy of individual rights

B

The excerpt is best understood as a response to which of the following historical developments? A) The first Red Scare B) Industrialization C) The Great Depression D) Reconstruction

B

The fulfillment of advice such as that in the excerpt most directly contributed to which of the following in the late nineteenth century? A) The economic decline and depopulation of eastern cities B) Competition for resources among White settlers and American Indians C) The outbreak of war with Mexico over control of territory D) Restrictions on immigration from eastern and southern Europe

B

The ideas of the Populist Party, as expressed in the excerpt, had the most in common with the ideas of the A) Federalists in the 1790s B) Progressive movement C) Whigs in the 1830s D) Civil Rights movement

B

Which of the following best accounts for the curve on the graph above depicting immigration to the United States from Asia, Africa and the Americas between 1882 and 1900? A) Rapid expansion of the British Empire into the Southern Hemisphere B) Restrictive congressional legislation C) Immigration to less-settled areas of the world D) Improved worldwide economic conditions E) Reduction of potential immigrant populations by widespread epidemics

B

Which of the following most directly contributed to the overall trend depicted in the graph? A) Global fluctuations in credit and stock markets B) The transformation of the United States into an industrial society C) Progressive Era reforms of social conditions in the United States D) The outbreak of global war

B

Which of the following was NOT characteristic of immigrants in the late nineteenth century? A) They were primarily unskilled laborers. B) They were mainly female. C) They were predominately from southern and eastern Europe. D) They often formed ethnic communities. E)They tended to settle in urban areas.

B

Which of the following was a difference between the immigration from 1865 to 1895 depicted in the graph and immigration in the 1840s and 1850s? A) More immigrants in the 1840s and 1850s sought factory work than did the immigrants who arrived between 1865 and 1895. B) More immigrants in the 1840s and 1850s arrived with cultural practices similar to those of Americans than did the immigrants who arrived between 1865 and 1895. C) Immigration was a main source of agricultural labor in the Southern states during the 1840s and 1850s, but it was not between 1865 and 1895. D) Immigration from China was greater than immigration from central Europe in the 1840s and 1850s as compared to the period between 1865 and 1895.

B

By the 1910s, the conditions described in the excerpt were most addressed by A) government unemployment programs B) acceptance of immigrants by native-born Americans C) efforts of middle-class reformers D) consolidation of large corporations

C

Studies similar to Riis' were most effective in prompting action by the federal government during the A) 1920s B) 1950s C) 1960s D) 1980s

C

The claims made by White and Hahn about United States policies toward American Indians in the late nineteenth century are similar in that they both support which of the following arguments? A) The federal government sought to grant members of American Indian tribes United States citizenship. B) The United States Congress saw treaties as the best way to promote American Indian economic development. C) Federal officials desired to encourage the adoption of White American lifestyles by American Indians. D) The United States wanted to force American Indians to provide labor for agriculture and mining.

C

The image was created most directly in response to A) social reform efforts by settlement-house workers B) poll taxes and literacy tests that blocked African Americans from voting C) the power gained by urban political machines D) the exclusion of women from voting

C

Which of the following arguments could best be supported by the purpose of the excerpt? A) Urbanization led to the transformation of the natural landscape in every part of the country. B) Industrialization resulted in the use of fewer raw materials because of efficient production. C) Reformers encouraged the more active protection of natural resources. D) Wartime mobilization contributed to the use of national parks for military purposes.

C

Which of the following best explains a connection between the economic development of the West in the mid-1800s and in the late 1800s? A) In both periods, the he end of conflicts with American Indians encouraged many Southerners to migrate to the West. B) In both periods, the he West offered a large existing labor force eager for work in mining and railroads. C) In both periods, the he expansion and improvement of railroads facilitated transportation in the West. D) In both periods, the he federal government encouraged immigrants from abroad to settle in the West.

C

Which of the following was a response to both immigration in the 1850s and the immigration depicted in the graph? A) Immigrants were provided social support in settlement houses. B) Immigrants were restricted from gaining the right to vote in elections. C) Nativists advocated against the continued arrival of immigrants. D) Reformers helped immigrants to maintain their traditional cultures.

C

Which of the following was a result of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 ? A) It encouraged cooperative landownership among American Indians. B) American Indians in the West led attacks on United States forts. C) American Indians lost control of millions of acres of land. D) American Indians and Whites challenged each other over landownership in range wars. E) Most American Indians were relocated to the west of the Mississippi.

C

The cartoonist most likely supported A) reform of local government B) women's political equality C) redistribution of wealth D) government policies favoring corporations

D

The majority of immigrants who arrived in the United States between 1821 and 1880 settled in the A) West and Midwest B) South and Midwest C) South and Northeast D) Midwest and Northeast

D

Which of the following best describes the overarching goals of the Populist Party in the late nineteenth century? A) Establishment of a transcontinental network of trains and the improvement of roads in the western United States B) Expansion of United States influence in Central America and access to new international markets C) Social and political reform guided by the idea of the survival of the fittest D) Cooperative democracy and a stronger governmental role in the economic system

D

Which of the following best describes the relationship of ideas such as those in the excerpt to the broader Progressive reform movement of the era? A) The ideas in the excerpt were adopted widely by Progressive reformers as worthy objectives. B) Progressive presidents supported the ideas in the excerpt while social reformers tended to reject them. C) State laws addressing Progressive reform issues tended to incorporate ideas like those in the excerpt. D) The ideas in the excerpt challenged the racial stereotypes held by many White Progressive reformers.

D

Which of the following groups would most likely agree with the quote above? A) Urban workers B) Railroad executives C) New York City financiers D) Midwestern farmers E) White-collar and professional workers

D

Which of the following most accurately describes a group who acted on ideas such as those in the excerpt? A) Business leaders planning to promote philanthropy B) Activists calling for preservation of the western wilderness C) Southern European immigrants seeking opportunity in urban areas D) Northern European immigrants pursuing mining, farming, and ranching

D

Which of the following pieces of historical evidence would best modify the claim in the last paragraph of the excerpt? A) Many members of Congress sought to restrict the ability of new immigrants to register to vote in elections in the 1870s. B) State government leaders passed laws to take control of fire and police departments run by political machines in eastern cities. C) Radical Republicans passed a law that allowed for federal supervision of local elections and the prosecution of voter fraud. D) Some Democratic political machines continued Republican fiscal policies that limited spending on patronage jobs.

D

Which of the following pieces of historical evidence would support the overall argument in the excerpt? A) The Democratic political machine in San Francisco failed to gain a majority of Irish votes in elections during the 1880s. B) Many Irish politicians in Philadelphia became members of the Republican Party in the late 1800s. C) Political factionalism among Irish voters in Boston in the 1890s discouraged the formation of a Democratic political machine. D) People of Irish descent in New York City registered to vote at a higher rate than their proportion of the population in the 1890s.

D

According to historian Frederick Jackson Turner, a key factor in the development of American individualism and democracy was A) Puritan theology B) transcendentalism C) the American Revolution D) the Civil War E) the frontier

E

All of the following account for nativist sentiment against the "new immigrants" of the late nineteenth century EXCEPT that the immigrants Responses A) practiced different religions B) had different languages and cultures C) were willing to work for lower wages than were native-born workers D)were not familiar with the United States political system E) dominate the professions of law, medicine, and engineering

E

All of the following contributed to the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment legislating Prohibition in 1919 EXCEPT A) the continued efforts of the Anti-Saloon League B) the fervor of the First World War lending patriotism to the cause of prohibition C) the Progressive belief in social reform D) the cumulative impact of state prohibition laws E) the high death toll from alcohol-related automobile accidents

E

From the 1880s to the New Deal, the dominant United States government policy toward American Indians was to try to A) strengthen tribal authority B) relocate all tribes to Oklahoma C) encourage migration to Canada D) preserve native languages and customs E) assimilate them into White culture

E

Immigrants to the United States in the last quarter of the nineteenth century came primarily from A) Latin America B) Asia C) Canada D) middle-class backgrounds E) European farms and villages

E

Jacob Riis is best known for his work in the 1890s as a A) labor organizer and Socialist Party activist B) leader of the People's Party C) reformer who encouraged new immigrants to homestead D) playwright whose dramas celebrated the assimilation of immigrants into American society E) journalist and photographer who publicized the wretched conditions in which many immigrants lived

E

The Ghost Dance was an American Indian religious movement associated with A) the Pueblo Revolt B) an American Indian victory at Little Bighorn C) an infusion of Hispanic cultural traditions D) the outbreak of King Philip's War E) distress over loss of tribal autonomy

E

Which of the following constitutes a significant change in the treatment of American Indians during the last half of the nineteenth century? A) The beginnings of negotiations with individual tribes B) The start of a removal policy C) The abandonment of the reservation system D) The admission of all American Indians to the full rights of United States citizenship E) The division of the tribal lands among individual members

E

Jacob Riis's How the Other Half Lives is a study of A) Jim Crow segregation and its effect on African Americans B) the plight of Great Plains farmers in the 1890's C) immigrant urban poverty and despair in 1890's D) corruption in city political machines in the 1890's E) the rise of industrial capitalists in the late nineteenth century.

C

Jacob Riis's principal involvement in the reform movements of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was his effort to A) bar obscene materials from the United States mail system B) organize the transfer of urban orphans to homes in rural areas C) publicize poor housing and sanitation in urban tenements D) establish special homes for juvenile delinquents E) pass federal laws to end prostitution

C

Which of the following was true of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 ? A) It created American Indian reservations for the first time. B) It was intended to recognize the contributions of American Indian peoples. C) It eliminated most tribal land ownership in favor of ownership by individuals. D) It led directly to the Battle of Wounded Knee. E) It indicated that the federal government had abandoned the goal of American Indian assimilation.

C

William Jennings Bryan's "Cross of Gold" oration was primarily an expression of his A) fundamentalist religious beliefs B) neutral stance toward the belligerents of the First World War C) advocacy of free and unlimited coinage of silver D) opposition to teaching the theory of evolution in public schools E) anti-imperialist convictions

C

The cartoon above is a commentary on late-nineteenth-century A) municipal corruption B) imperialism C) labor unrest D) business monopolies E) civil-rights campaigns

A

All of the following contributed to the decline of open-range cattle ranching at the end of the nineteenth century EXCEPT A) excessively cold winters B) federal recognition of American Indian land claims C) a drop in cattle prices at stockyards D) overgrazing E) production of crops for distant markets

B

Article 6 of the treaty most likely reflected which of the following sentiments? A) A desire by many American Indians to change their way of life B) A hope held by some in government that American Indians would adopt lifestyles similar to the lifestyles of White settlers C) A need felt by many American Indians to more clearly legitimize their claims to the land D) A wish by some in government to protect American Indian landholdings from encroachments by railroads

B

Between 1870 and 1900, farmers did all of the following in an attempt to better their condition EXCEPT A) seek state regulation of railways B) limit production of crops C) organize cooperative marketing societies D) form a third political party E) advocate inflation of the currency

B

Activists formed the Populist Party most directly in response to the A) growth of corporate power in agriculture and economic instability in farming B) emergence of concerns about abuses of the environment C) development of reform movements inspired by the Second Great Awakening D) rise of monopolies and reduction of wages for industrial workers

A

Before moving to Chicago, the people described in the excerpt most likely were engaged in which of the following? A) Sharecropping or tenant farming B) Gang labor on the railways C) Mining and other extractive industries D) Manufacturing in urban factories

A

During the closing decades of the nineteenth century, farmers complained about all of the following EXCEPT A) rising commodity prices B) high interest charges C) high freight costs D) high storage costs E) large middleman profits

A

The Dawes Act (1887) did which of the following? A) Divided Native American tribal lands into individual holdings. B) Promoted the preservation of Native American cultural identity. C) Granted immediate citizenship to Native Americans. D) Set up the reservation system. E) Forbade the use of Native American languages in public schools.

A

The Ghost Dance, a religious movement that developed in the late nineteenth century, emerged from which of the following? A) American Indians' distress over loss of tribal authority B) African Americans' efforts to cope with Jim Crow laws C) Southern White peoples' reactions to their loss of authority during Reconstruction D). Western migrants' nostalgia for life in the East E) East European immigrants' response to industrial life

A

Which of the following groups would be most likely to support the Populist Party? A) Sharecroppers B) Industrialists C) Immigrants D) Bankers

A

During the late nineteenth century, politicians such as the one depicted in the image most likely would have opposed which of the following? A) Social services provided to immigrants by local politicians B) Granting American Indians full citizenship and voting rights C) The expansion of the transcontinental railroad system D) Calls for reforms to local and state governments

D