APUSH 30-32

The Environmental Protection Agency was created in ________ when ________ signed the National Environmental Protection Act into law.

1970; Richard Nixon

In 1972, the Equal Rights Amendment

All these answers are correct.

In order to avoid losing public support, President Nixon informed the American people of his decision to begin bombing Cambodia before he did so.

False

The 1972 Democratic nominee George McGovern could most accurately be described as a strong critic of the Vietnam War who was a moderate on social issues.

False

The AIDS epidemic weakened the gay rights movement in the early 1980s.

False

The founders of Students for a Democratic Society could accurately be described as hippies.

False

In 1973, allegations of misconduct by Richard Nixon were made by presidential advisor

John Dean

Sandra Day O'Connor, the first female Supreme Court justice, was named to the court by

Ronald Reagan.

The Free Speech Movement was born on a college campus.

True

The gay rights movement had been gaining strength since at least the 1950s.

True

President Richard Nixon's proposed Family Assistance Plan included

a guaranteed annual income for all Americans.

In the mid-1960s, the National Organization of Women focused its efforts on

addressing the needs of women in the workplace.

"Earth Day" in 1970 was

an example of the popularization of environmentalism.

According to policies that came to be called the Nixon Doctrine, the United States would

assist in the development of friendly nations.

The key evidence in the determination of President Richard Nixon's guilt or innocence in the Watergate scandal was

audio tape recordings made of most conversations in the Oval Office.

President Richard Nixon's visit to China in 1972

came after Taiwan was expelled from the United Nations.

In 1973, Vice President Spiro Agnew resigned because

evidence surfaced that he had accepted bribes.

The purpose of the 1969 Woodstock music festival was to

express the ideals of the counterculture philosophy.

In 1972, the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty

froze the arsenals of some nuclear missiles at their current levels.

Betty Friedan's 1963 book, The Feminine Mystique,

gave a voice to a reemerging women's rights movement.

The 1969 "Stonewall Riot" is associated with the civil rights movement for

homosexuals.

As a result of the Vietnam War,

more than 1.2 million Vietnamese soldiers died.

In the 1960s, the aspect of popular culture most strongly embraced by the counterculture was

music.

In 1972, the Watergate scandal began with a break-in at the

offices of the Democratic National Committee.

After the 1972 election, President Richard Nixon, to prompt a peace settlement with North Vietnam,

ordered an increase in the aerial bombing of North Vietnam.

In the 1960s, the youth counterculture

presented a fundamental challenge to American middle-class society.

Students for a Democratic Society was formed

primarily by college students from prestigious universities.

The so-called Pentagon Papers

revealed the government had misled the public regarding the progress of the war.

In 1972, diplomat Henry Kissinger announced that "peace is at hand"

right before the American presidential election.

In Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), the Supreme Court

ruled that all felony defendants were entitled to a lawyer, regardless of their ability to pay.

In 1972, the United States' "Christmas bombing" of North Vietnam

saw the United States suffer, by far, its greatest loss of bombers in the war.

In April 1970, the antiwar movement was recharged by

the U.S. invasion of Cambodia.

In 1964, a dispute broke out at the University of California at Berkley over

the rights of students to engage in free speech.

Between 1960 and 1970, the Latino population of the United States

tripled.

The Supreme Court in the case United States v. Richard M. Nixon (1974) ruled that Nixon must

turn over evidence to the special prosecutor.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

was amended for the benefit of women.

The Supreme Court case of Roe v. Wade (1973)

was one of the most controversial decisions in modern court history.

In the 1960s, the radical group known as the "Weathermen"

were involved in college bombings that claimed several lives.

In 1972, two Washington Post reporters uncovered evidence linking the Watergate break-in to

All of these answers are correct

In the 1960s and 1970s, the agenda of the political left included

All of these answers are correct

As part of his domestic agenda, President Richard Nixon

All of these answers are correct.

By the early twenty-first century, gay men and lesbians in the United States

All of these answers are correct.

In 1973, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

All of these answers are correct.

In the late 1960s and early 1970s all of the following occurred due to American Indian activism, EXCEPT

Congress granting to reservations "independent nation" status within the United States.

All of the following statements regarding Latinos in the United States are true EXCEPT that

Cuban immigrants in the 1980s were more well-to- do than their counterparts in the 1960s.

Aldo Leopold's sensational 1962 book, Silent Spring, helped popularize the new science of ecology.

False

Betty Friedan's book, The Feminine Mystique, concerned the difficulties facing poor and working-class women.

False

By the early 1970s, a significant change was visible in the tone and direction of the women's movement. New books by younger feminists expressed a milder critique of American society than Friedan had offered.

False

Conservative Americans, by and large, supported the decisions of the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren.

False

The lesson of the Yom Kippur War was that the United States could continue to expect cheap, easy access to raw materials from its "client states."

False

The political New Left emerged out of opposition to the military draft in the 1960s.

False

The release of chlorofluorocarbons into the atmosphere directly affects the earth's capacity to replenish its oxygen supply.

False

Throughout the Vietnam War, deferments from the military draft were increasingly easy to obtain for those in college.

False

When it was founded, the National Organization of Women was concerned primarily with the rights of women in marriage and in the home.

False

When the Supreme Court handed down the Roe v. Wade decision, abortion became legal for the first time in American history.

False

The killing of South Vietnamese civilians by American soldiers in the village of My Lai

None of these answers is correct.

In the 1972 presidential election,

Richard Nixon won over 60 percent of the popular vote.

An important and controversial aspect of the counterculture was its more permissive view of sex and drugs.

True

By the mid-1970s, affirmative-action guidelines included women, and the vast majority of women with college degrees were in the workforce.

True

Despite President Nixon's desire for a more conservative Supreme Court and his appointment of several new justices, the Court actually moved further toward social reform.

True

During the 1970s, Congress approved the Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution.

True

During the Nixon administration, relations with communist China were greatly improved.

True

In the early 1970s, the United States suffered its first fuel shortage since World War II.

True

Incomes in the United States are far more unequal today than they were a generation or more ago.

True

Richard Nixon was reelected in 1972 by a much greater margin than he had received in 1968.

True

Shortly after the last Americans had left South Vietnam, Cambodia came under the control of a brutal and repressive government.

True

The 1973 Yom Kippur War saw the United States pressure Israel to accept a cease-fire rather than push for more territory.

True

The Nixon administration abolished the Office of Economic Opportunity and created the Environmental Protection Agency.

True

The United Farm Workers union was founded and first led by César Chávez.

True

The Wilderness Society, the Sierra Club, the National Audubon Society, the Nature Conservancy, the National Wildlife Federation, and the National Parks and Conservation Association all predated the rise of modern ecological science.

True

The federal government's "termination" policy toward Native Americans contributed to a generation of Indian militancy.

True

The political demise of Richard Nixon was largely a result of his own personality and leadership style.

True

The so-called Pentagon Papers revealed the government had misled the public in explaining its motives for American involvement in Vietnam.

True

The tragedies of Kent State and Jackson State occurred during protests over the American expansion of the Vietnam War into Cambodia by the Nixon administration.

True

To secure a peace agreement in Vietnam in 1972, President Nixon dropped his demand that North Vietnam withdraw its troops from South Vietnam before American troops would be removed.

True

Weeks after Henry Kissinger announced that "peace is at hand" in the Vietnam War, President Nixon ordered the heaviest air raids on North Vietnam of the entire war.

True

What came to be called the Watergate scandal began when five men broke into the offices of the Democratic National Committee.

True

In 1973, American Indian activists occupied the old Indian battle site of

Wounded Knee.

President Richard Nixon believed U.S. foreign policy should work toward

a balance of power among several major nations.

After President Richard Nixon had appointed four new justices, the Supreme Court

actually increased its commitment to social reform.

Ecology rests primarily on the assumption that nature should be preserved

because humans need to maintain the interrelated balance of life.

By 1973, there was mounting evidence that President Richard Nixon had

been part of the cover-up of the break-in.

By the end of their first year in office, Nixon and Kissinger had concluded that the most effective way to tip the military balance in America's favor was to

destroy military bases in Cambodia.

In the 1950s, the federal "termination" policy as applied to American Indians sought to

end their cultural distinctiveness.

Founded in 1968, the American Indian Movement (AIM)

focused on militant action.

In 1971, President Richard Nixon believed an American withdrawal from Vietnam would

harm his own credibility of and that of the nation.

The intent of President Richard Nixon's "Vietnamization" policy was to

have the South Vietnamese military do more of the fighting.

In 1971, President Richard Nixon responded to mounting economic problems by

imposing a freeze on all wages and prices.

Throughout the late 1960s,

opposition in the United States to the Vietnam War intensified.

The Supreme Court ruling in the case of Furman v. Georgia (1972)

overturned existing capital punishment statutes.

Rachel Carson's 1962 book Silent Spring helped launch the modern environmental movement by focusing on problems concerning

pesticides.

In Miranda v. Arizona (1966), the Supreme Court

required authorities to inform a criminal suspect of his or her legal rights.

In 1974, Richard Nixon left the presidency after he

resigned.

"Stagflation" refers to

rising prices and a weak economy.

In Engel v. Vitale (1962), the Supreme Court

ruled prayers in public schools were unconstitutional.

The 1961 Declaration of Indian Purpose called for

the preservation of Indian heritage.

In the 1970s, the Nixon administration believed the world's most volatile region to be

the so-called Third World.

President Richard Nixon's appointments to the Supreme Court

were twice rejected by the Senate.

In Bakke v. Board of Regents of California (1978), the Supreme Court

upheld the principle of affirmative action, with restrictions.

The Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade (1973)

was based on a new legal interpretation of privacy rights.