APUSH AP CLASSROOM CHAPTER 23 & 24

During the 1930s Black voters overwhelmingly switched from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party because A) Black Americans benefited from some New Deal economic policies B) the Ku Klux Klan was gaining power within the Republican Party C) President Roosevelt actively pursued race reform D) southern Democrats widely favored abolishing the poll tax E) the Democrats promised to end Prohibition

A

Governmental policies enacted during the New Deal most strongly demonstrate a continuity with which of the following earlier developments? A) Progressive reformers demanded stricter regulation of the economy. B) Populists attempted to get the United States to adopt the silver standard for currency. C) Imperialists claimed that the United States needed to gain colonies for resources. D) Nativists advocated restrictions on the number of immigrants.

A

The impact of the Great Depression on agriculture in the United States continued which of the following trends? A) The demand for food resources from abroad grew. B) The farm labor force diminished in size as the economy industrialized. C) The need for immigrant farmworkers increased. D) Support for conservation policies in rural areas declined.

B

Which of the following best describes the Harlem Renaissance? A) The rehabilitation of a decaying urban area B) An outpouring of Black artistic and literary creativity C) The beginning of the NAACP D) The most famous art show of the early twentieth century E) The establishment of motion picture palaces

B

Which of the following best explains the factor that prompted United States involvement in military actions during the Second World War? A) Germany attempted to convince the Mexican government to attack the United States B) Japan conducted a surprise attack on a United States military base C) Germany declared war against the United States D) The Japanese navy carried out strikes against United States shipping interests

B

Which of the following factors most likely contributed to the trend in Chicago's population from 1890 to 1940 ? A) Increasing birth rates B) Job opportunities in industry C) The promise of religious freedom D) Growing employment in agriculture

B

In the 1930s the Great Depression resulted in A) a dramatic increase in emigration to Canada B) a major migration from California to the Central Plains C) an increase in the number of transient people searching for work D) a dramatic increase in the number of foreign immigrants E) a significant increase in the birth rate

C

One major effect of the Second World War was increased opportunities for women in A) combat command B) higher education C) industrial employment D) domestic work E) political office

C

Roosevelt's speech was most likely intended to increase public support for A) extending New Deal programs to guarantee unemployment benefits B) integrating the United States armed forces C) aiding the Allies in Europe during the Second World War D) enhancing rights protected by the United States Constitution

C

Situations such as those described in the excerpt were most directly addressed by A) Progressive Era reforms B) First World War economic production C) New Deal government programs D) Great Society efforts to end poverty

C

The American home front in the Second World War is best described as A) politically divided over the wisdom of the American war effort B) unaffected by ethnic and racial tensions C) economically invigorated by military spending D) rededicated to the reform efforts of the New Deal E) demoralized by food shortages

C

The Congress of Industrial Organizations was most interested in unionizing which of the following? A) Migrant farmworkers B) White-collar factory managers C) Unskilled and semiskilled factory workers D) Sailors on American merchant ships E) Women clerical workers

C

The establishment of a stronger economic regulatory system during the Great Depression most closely reflected a continuity with which of the following? A) Efforts to fund internal improvements during the Early Republic B) Efforts to expand the influence of unionized labor during the Gilded Age C) Efforts to restrict the excesses of corporations during the Progressive Era D) Efforts to encourage women to enter the workforce during the Second World War

C

The image was most likely intended to promote A) popular support for federal civil rights legislation to end discrimination B) the belief that women should have rights equal to those of men C) the movement of women into jobs traditionally held by men D) access to union membership for all workers regardless of race or gender

C

The policies passed in response to the Great Depression contributed to a change in which of the following earlier popular beliefs? A) Big business should have significant influence over federal legislation. B) Labor unions should have the sole power to negotiate with corporations. C) Government should be noninterventionist during economic downturns. D) Federal programs should contribute to the welfare of older Americans.

C

The New Deal attempted to revive the farm economy during the 1930's by A) reducing the amount of land under cultivation B) opening up more federal land for homesteads C) making cash payments to encourage more production D) increasing tariffs to eliminate foreign competition E) selling surplus farm commodities abroad

A

The Rosie the Riveter campaign during the Second World War encouraged women to A) enter the labor force B) vote in union elections C) enlist in the armed forces D) join machinists' unions E) sew military uniforms

A

The bracero program encouraged A) Mexican workers to come to the United States as temporary laborers from the 1940s to the 1960s B) federal courts to protect the civil rights of Mexican Americans in the 1960s C) the United States media to broadcast Latino music and movies in the 1980s D) Congress to enact more restrictive immigration laws in the 1990s E) Latino immigrants to pursue United States citizenship

A

The excerpt could best be used by historians to explain which of the following historical situations? A) Attempts by the United States to use its power to influence postwar peace settlements B) Challenges to the economic influence of the United States as a result of the Second World War C) Resistance to treaties between the United States and Asian nations by European colonial powers D) Rejection of international engagement by isolationists in the United States government

A

The ideas expressed in the excerpt most directly contributed to the A) emergence of organizations pursuing equality for African Americans B) large-scale African American migration to northern cities C) expansion of legal segregation by the Supreme Court D) persistence of economic discrimination based on race

A

The photo above most likely shows the work of which of the following New Deal agencies? A) Civilian Conservation Corps B) Farm Security Administration C) National Recovery Administration D) National Labor Relations Board E) Social Security Administration

A

The years 1930-1980 have been described by one historian as a period that saw the "rise and fall of the New Deal Order." What is meant here by the phrase "New Deal Order"? A) An arrangement in which the United States government took an active role in regulating the economy and in mediating disputes between labor and management B) A plan to allow increased free trade between the United States and Europe C) An agenda pushed by congressional Republicans intent on encouraging family values and moral behavior D) A program intended by congressional Democrats to promote the growth of small businesses at the expense of major corporations E) A scheme designed to pave the way for a single, worldwide governing body

A

Which of the following best explains how actions such as those described in the excerpt affected wartime mobilization? A) Many women experienced new economic and social opportunities. B) The economic crisis deepened as a result of military spending. C) Immigration declined because of improving unemployment rates. D) The public widely rejected the internment of Japanese Americans.

A

Which of the following is true of the 1935 Social Security Act? A) It legislated a tax that transfers money from workers to pensioners. B) It provided health insurance for anyone who needed it. C) It created benefits for the needy by using taxes on corporate profits. D) It made the United States the first industrialized country to provide a social welfare system. E) It was ended during the first hundred days of the New Deal.

A

Which of the following was Harry Truman's stated reason for authorizing the use of the atomic bomb against Japan? A) Using the atomic bomb would prevent the need for a costly invasion of Japan. B) Dropping the atomic bomb would demonstrate United States military capability to the Soviets. C) An earlier United States land assault against Japan had been unsuccessful. D) The development of the atomic bomb had been expensive. E) The United States should retaliate in response to Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor.

A

Which of the following was a common experience on the United States home front during the Second World War? A) Rationing of basic consumer goods B) Frequent antiwar protests C) Government attempts to misinform the public about the war's death toll D) The belief that society could simultaneously pay for both its war effort and its social- welfare legislation E) Highly publicized trials of suspected communists

A

Which of the following was the most direct effect of conditions such as those described in the excerpt? A) Internal migration in search of better economic opportunities B) Earlier marriages and an increase in family size C) A middle-class movement to the suburbs D) Conservative opposition to an increased government role in the economy

A

Democratic Party support by a new coalition of workers and African Americans during the 1930s was most similar to that of Whig Party support following the Mexican-American War Republican Party support following the Civil War Populist Party support following the Spanish-American War Socialist Party support following the First World War

B

In the 1960s, the policy referenced in the image was A) determined to be in the purview of the states rather than the federal government B) overturned by the passage of new legislation C) made permanent through an amendment to the United States Constitution D) left largely unchanged because it did not apply to immigrants from parts of the world other than Europe

B

Of the following, the most important cause of the Great Depression was A) soaring energy costs B) serious dislocation in international trade C) European abandonment of the gold standard D) confiscatory social security taxes E) excessive government spending

B

One means by which President Hoover attempted to fight the Great Depression was A) the establishment of the Tennessee Valley Authority B) the establishment of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation C) a lowering of barriers for free trade D) the early payments of bonuses to veterans E) direct government aid to the needy

B

Production activities like those depicted in the image most directly contributed to A) calls to limit arms and naval destroyers for the major world powers B) critical wartime provisioning for the Allies that led to victory C) efforts to rebuild Western Europe's postwar economy D) concerns about the political influence of the military-industrial complex

B

The economy described in the speech is most similar to the economy in which of the following decades? A) 1910s B) 1930s C) 1950s D) 1960s

B

The excerpt's point of view best explains the issues in which of the following? A) Arguments regarding whether to use atomic weaponry against Japan B) Debates about how to address the consequences of the war in the Pacific C) Campaigns to encourage women to work in defense industries D) Controversies over alleged communist infiltration of the United States government

B

Which of the following best characterizes the National Origins Act of 1924 ? A) It allowed Chinese immigrants entry into the United States after 1930. B) It allowed increased levels of immigration from southern and eastern Europe. C) It established immigration quotas based on a percentage of each nationality residing in the United States in 1890. D) It established procedures for the immigration of alien spouses of United States citizens after 1935. E) It set restrictions on the importation of certain goods.

C

Which of the following best explains a context for the development depicted in the excerpt? A) African American sharecropping led to the creation of a new southern regional identity. B) African American painters created works to advocate against fascist ideologies. C) Urban centers provided African Americans with opportunities for artistic expression. D) Market instability caused African Americans to seek work as writers.

C

Which of the following best explains a result of the developments described in the excerpt? A) African Americans entered the military because they could not find employment owing to the Great Depression. B) Many African American men preferred to remain as sharecroppers rather than enlist in the military. C) New employment opportunities opened up for African Americans in industrial and defense industries. D) The United States government allowed African American enlistment only after the attack on Pearl Harbor.

C

Which of the following is true of American women during the Second World War? A) They initiated a visible and highly vocal feminist movement. B) They married younger and had more children than women did before or after the war. C) Those who took industrial jobs learned new skills and earned better pay than in jobs previously open to them. D) They organized labor unions and led strikes demanding better working conditions. E) Aside from participating in rationing programs, women contributed little to the war effort.

C

Which of the following is true of women in the 1920s? A) A majority of women attended college. B) Flappers became role models for women of all social strata. C) Women's political activism declined despite their gain of the right to vote. D) Most women supported the Equal Rights Amendment. E) The number of women in the medical and legal professions increased.

C

Which of the following movements expressed ideas most similar to the ideas expressed in the excerpt? A) Abolitionism in the 1830s and 1840s B) Nativism in the 1840s and 1850s C) Populism in the 1890s and early 1900s D) The counterculture of the 1960s and 1970s

C

Which of the following was most significant in influencing organized labor to support the Democratic Party? A) Herbert Hoover's signing of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act B) Harry Truman's use of the Taft-Hartley Act C) The passage of the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) D) Woodrow Wilson's appointment of Samuel Gompers to the War Production Board E) The establishment of welfare capitalism in the 1920s

C

Which of the following ways best explains how the United States attempted to influence the outside world following the conclusion of the First World War? A) It established mutual defense treaties to discourage war from occurring. B) It granted independence to colonies such as the Philippines to encourage European countries to end their empires. C) It used trade and investment in order to maintain international connections. D) It contributed to rebuilding European militaries in order to discourage invasions.

C

In the 1930's, the movement led by Dr. Francis Townsend contributed to congressional approval of a law A) insuring the bank deposits of consumers B) securing federal protection of labor union organizers C) providing larger federal subsidies to farmers D) implementing a federal program of old-age benefits E) protecting ethnic minorities form discrimination

D

Patterns of migration in the United States during the 1930s and 1940s were most similar to which of the following earlier patterns of migration? A) The internal migration of Northerners to the South during the period of Reconstruction B) The restrictions placed on Chinese immigration to the United States during the 1880s C) The internal relocation of American Indians to reservations from the 1860s to the 1890s D) The immigration of Europeans to Northern cities in the United States during the Gilded Age

D

Policy initiatives during Franklin D. Roosevelt's first two presidential terms included all of the following EXCEPT restricting agricultural production restoring public confidence in the banking system deficit financing nationalizing basic industries creating new jobs in the public sector

D

The Great Depression-era photograph above was taken with the goal of A) generating congressional support for the Wagner Act B) protesting the federal government's refusal to provide aid for victims of natural disasters C) winning approval of a federal program that would distribute land and agricultural equipment to impoverished farmers D) publicizing the plight of migrant farmworkers and their families E) promoting enrollment in the new Medicaid program

D

The excerpt best reflects which of the following developments by the 1920s? A) The growing similarity of rural and urban African American culture B) The decline in racial violence against African Americans C) The rise of African American civil rights advocacy organizations in the North D) The movement of African Americans during the Great Migration

D

The system of labor that is the focus of the excerpt would eventually change most dramatically as a result of the A) success of the woman suffrage movement B) rapid increase in immigration from southern and eastern Europe C) growing access to automobiles and public transportation D) demands of industrial production during the Second World War

D

Which of the following best describes the experience of Americans of Japanese descent during the Second World War? A) They were forced to take loyalty oaths along with Americans of Italian and German descent. B) They were expelled from Hawaii and California. The Supreme Court intervened to protect them from wartime hysteria. C) They were forced from their homes and businesses on the West Coast into detention camps. D) The Department of the Army repatriated them forcibly to Japan.

D

Which of the following best explains an effect of the events described in the excerpt? A) African Americans increasingly moved away from urban areas. B) New forms of expression emerged in African American art and culture. C) Support by African Americans for New Deal policies declined. D) African American socioeconomic standing improved overall.

D

Which of the following groups was NOT part of the voting coalition that supported the New Deal? A) African Americans in the North B) White people in the South C) Industrial workers in cities D) Business executives E) Farmers

D

Based on the map above, which of the following is the most accurate statement about the 1948 presidential election? A) Republicans had great success in California and the Pacific Northwest. B) The Democratic Party derived the majority of its support from the solid South in the 1948 election. C) The Republican Party had ended its long streak of electoral failures in the former Confederate states by 1948. D) Support for the Republican Party was concentrated in the Southwest and Rocky Mountain states. E) The New Deal coalition that had elected Franklin D. Roosevelt four times had begun to weaken by 1948.

E

In 1932 Franklin D. Roosevelt and Herbert Hoover disagreed most strongly about the desirability of A) a balanced federal budget B) farm price supports C) federal aid to corporations D) a program of public works E) federal relief to individuals

E

The purpose of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 was to A) ease the economic difficulties of sharecroppers and tenant farmers B) provide for the distribution of surplus meat and produce to the poor C) reapportion electoral districts to give farmers greater representation in Congress D) expand agricultural production by subsidizing farmers E) raise farm prices by limiting agricultural production

E

What was the main reason for the major decrease in the number of Europeans immigrating to the United States in the 1920s? A) There was widespread prosperity in Europe after the First World War. B) Most European countries passed laws forbidding immigration to the United States. C) A significant increase in emigration from Latin America left fewer jobs for European immigrants. D) Fear of political persecution after the Palmer raids and the Sacco and Vanzetti case discouraged many Europeans from emigrating. E) The United States passed the National Origins Act.

E

Which of the following sought to address the Great Depression by reducing production? A) The Reconstruction Finance Corporation B) The National Labor Relations Act C) The Civilian Conservation Corps D) The Glass-Steagall Act E) The Agricultural Adjustment Act

E

During the 1930's, the Great Depression led to A) the nationalization of major industries B) the strengthening of the family unit and a higher birth rate C) a decline in highway construction D) a mass internal migration of Americans looking for work E) a decrease in labor union membership

D

An underlying cause of the Great Depression, which began in 1929, was A) excessive government control of business and industry B) overproduction in the manufacturing and farm sectors C) the budget deficit incurred after the First World War D) withdrawal of foreign investments from the United States E) the implementation of free-trade policies after the First World War

B

All of the following have been cited as reasons for the dropping of atomic bombs on Japan in 1945 EXCEPT the need to A) block a planned Japanese invasion of the United States B) keep the Soviet Union out of the war against Japan C) save American lives D) demonstrate American superiority in weaponry to the Soviet Union E) force the unconditional surrender of Japan

A

American participation in the Second World War had which of the following major effects on the home front? A) A movement of women into factory work B) The breakdown of racial segregation in the South C) The growth of isolationism in the Midwest D) The introduction of a system of national health insurance E) A decline in farm income

A

Which of the following messages did the United States government most likely intend to impart in the Second World War poster pictured above? A) Promotion of union membership for workers in war industries B) Encouragement of greater acceptance of African American workers in wartime industrial jobs C) Celebration of the United States policy of racial integration in the armed forces D) Response to criticism that corporate profiteering undermined United States war efforts E) Counterpoint to the Rosie the Riveter image by showing that men, as well as women, worked in war industries

B

Which of the following was the most direct effect of the African American migration shown on the graph between 1900 and 1929 ? A) The integration of the United States military B) The cultural movement known as the Harlem Renaissance C) The federal effort to support the integration of public schools D) The loosening of restrictions on immigration to the United States

B

An important result of the 1936 presidential campaign was the emergence of a viable third party landslide win by Republicans in the Congress shift of African American voters from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party move of intellectuals to Alf Landon and the Republican ticket decline in support for the New Deal

C

Conscription policies in the First and Second World Wars differed significantly in that in the Second World War A) African Americans were drafted into integrated units B) conscientious objectors were not officially recognized C) the draft began before the United States entered the conflict D) the draft was administered at the regional and federal levels by the armed forces E) exemptions were offered for a range of war-related occupations

C

During the Great Depression, "Hoovervilles" were A) government relocation camps for indigent workers B) model communities established by the Hoover administration C) shantytowns of unemployed and homeless people D) soup kitchens financed under New Deal legislation E) work projects established by the Hoover administration to revitalize the economy

C

Which of the following later movements held ideas closest to those expressed by Garvey in the excerpt? A) A. Philip Randolph's organizing of Black railroad workers into the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters B) Thurgood Marshall and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People's legal efforts to desegregate schools in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka C) Martin Luther King, Jr.'s, efforts to win equal rights for African Americans through nonviolent civil disobedience D) Malcolm X's Black nationalism emphasizing racial pride and economic self-sufficiency

D

Which of the following most plausibly influenced Garvey's argument in the excerpt? A) The emerging support for United States intervention in the affairs of Asia and Latin America B) Calls for integration of the United States armed forces C) New cultural expressions that emerged from the Harlem Renaissance D) The concept of self-determination debated at the Treaty of Versailles peace talks

D

Which of the following statements about the Tennessee Valley Authority is correct? A) It was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. B) It provided land for immigrants who wanted to become farmers. C) It was a state-sponsored agency established to restore eroded soil. D) It built dams that made rural electrification possible. E) It built interstate highways in the upper South.

D

Which of the following was most responsible for the change shown between 1938 and 1942 on the chart above? A) The illness and death of unemployed workers B) A redefinition of unemployment by the United States Census Bureau C) Legislation of the second New Deal D) Industrial mobilization related to the Second World War E) A global economic boom following the Great Depression

D

All of the following concerns were addressed during the "Hundred Days" of the New Deal EXCEPT A) banking regulation B) unemployment relief C) agricultural adjustment D) homeowner mortgage support E) court restructuring

E