APUSH Chapter 16

Chinese "tongs" were

secret societies

The Comstock Lode primarily produced

silver

In "The Significance of the Frontier in American History," Frederick Jackson Turner claimed

that the end of the "frontier" also marked the end of one of the most important democratizing forces in American life

In 1890, at Wounded Knee, South Dakota

the U.S. Seventh Cavalry massacred more than 300 Indians

In the late nineteenth century, "Range wars" in the West were between

white American ranchers and farmers

Which tribe should NOT be included among the Plains Indians?

Yurok

The Homestead Act of 1862

was expanded by the Timber Culture Act

By the mid-1840s, the American West

was extensively populated

After the Civil War, cattle driven on the Chisholm Trail ended the journey in

Abilene, Kansas

By 1900, one of the three American territories that had not been granted statehood was

Arizona

The Indian leader who said, "I am tired. My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever," was

Chief Joseph

Which of the following Indian tribes was NOT found on the Pacific coast of the Far West?

Creek

Which of the following was NOT a significant source of resentment for the late nineteenth-century farmers?

Crop speculators

In 1886, the end of formal warfare between the United States and American Indians was marked by the surrender of

Geronimo

All of the following writers and artists made significant contributions to the romanticizing of the American West EXCEPT

James Whistler

In the 1870s, in the Far West the largest single Chinese community was located in

San Francisco

Mining in the west

Saw individual prospectors move in first, followed by corporations

In the 1860s, cattle drives from Texas to Missouri

Saw the herds suffer heavy losses, while proving that cattle could be driven to distant markets in the east (established link)

Which of the following statements regarding Hispanic New Mexico is FALSE?

Taos Indians, allied with Navajo and Apaches, forced out Anglo-Americans until 1847

In the late nineteenth century, the western agricultural economy

Was composed of mostly settlers who had little to no experience with farming

The Dawes Act of 1887

Was designed to force Indians into becoming land owners and farmers

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the working class in the western economy was

Was highly multiracial + stratified along racial lines but were paid more than workers in the east.

In the late nineteenth century, the popular image of the American West

Was promoted by the Rocky Mountain School, and precoces as the place of true freedom with heroic cowboys.

In the 1850s, the United States policy of "concentration" for Indians

assigned all tribes to their own defined reservations

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

banned Chinese in the United States from becoming naturalized citizens.

In the late nineteenth century, fences for Plains farms were usually made from

barbed wire

In the late nineteenth century, in regards to western agriculture

commercial farmers were not self-sufficient and made little effort to become so

The decimation of American buffalo herds of the late nineteenth century

destroyed the ability of Plains Indians to resist the advance of white settlers, accelerated by eastern fashion fads, happened almost in the span of a decade, and was promoted by the railroad companies.

In the 1880s, the open range cattle industry declined as a result of

drought and land competition

In the late nineteenth century, which of the following was NOT a major western industry?

fur trading

The "Rocky Mountain School" of painting

helped inspire a growth of tourism in the West

During the late nineteenth century, Plains farm life

often lacked access to the outside world

The Sand Creek Massacre of 1864

involved the killing of Indian women and children

During the 1840s, Hispanics living in California

lost ownership of large areas of lands

In the 1840s and 1850s, in the Far West, the response by white Americans to the Chinese

moved from initial acceptance of them to gradual opposition

Women in nineteenth-century western mining towns

often found work doing domestic tasks

In Owen Wister's novel, The Virginian (1902), the American cowboy was

portrayed as a simple and virtuous frontiersman

William Cody's Wild West shows

proved to be popular in Europe as well as the United States

During the nineteenth century, in the Far West the term "coolie"

referred to Chinese indentured servants

In his writings during the late 1800s, the popular author Hamlin Garland

reflected the growing disillusionment of western farmers

The western cattle industry saw Mexican ranchers first develop

saddles, spurs, lariats, and leather chaps

In the mid-nineteenth century, the Plains Indians were

the most widespread Indian groups in the West

The Chinese from California became the major source of labor for the transcontinental railroad because

they worked for lower wages than what whites would accept

Before 1860, the traditional policy of the federal government was to regard Indians as

wards of the president of the United States

The 1876 Battle of Little Big Horn

was a short-lived Indian victory

In 1890, the "Ghost Dance"

was a spiritual revival among Plains Indians