APUSH Chapter 19

Harriet Beecher Stowe

"The little woman who wrote the book that made this great war". Wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin. (the Civil War)

Dred Scott

Black slave whose unsuccessful attempt to win his freedom deepened the sectional controversy.

John C. Breckinridge

Buchanan's vice president, nominated for president by breakaway southern Democrats in 1860.

Which state was the only one divided among Lincoln, Douglas, Breckenridge?

California

Dred Scott decision

Controversial Supreme Court ruling that blacks had no civil or human rights and that Congress could not prohibit slavery in the territories.

By opposing the proslavery Lecompton Constitution in Kansas, Senator Stephen A. Douglas was able to unite the Democratic party.

False

In the Lincoln-Douglas debates, Lincoln's criticisms forced Douglas to back away from his support for popular sovereignty.

False

Lincoln made a strong effort to get the South to accept the Crittenden Compromise in order to avoid a civil war.

False

Northern Democrats walked out of the Democratic party in 1860 when southerners nominated Stephen A. Douglas for president.

False

Prosouthern Kansas pioneers brought numerous slaves with them in order to guarantee that Kansas would not become a free state.

False

The Dred Scott decision upheld the doctrine of popular sovereignty that the people of each territory should determine whether or not to permit slavery.

False

John Brown

Fanatical and bloody-minded abolitionist martyr admired in the North and hated in the South.

South Carolina

First state to secede from the Union in December, 1860.

Jefferson Davis

Former United States senator who in 1861 became the president of what called itself a new nation.

Election of 1860

Four-way race for the presidency that resulted in the election of sectional minority president.

In which two states were many county conventions divided about secession?

Georgia and Florida

Stephen A. Douglas

Leading northern Democrat whose presidential hopes fell victim to the conflict over slavery.

In which six northern states did Lincoln carry every single county?

Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island

In which fives states did Bell receive his strongest support?

Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, and North Carolina

Which border state was closely divided among Douglas, Bell, and Breckenridge?

Missouri

Constitutional Union Party

Newly formed middle-of-the-road party of elderly politicians that sought compromise in 1860, but carried only three border states.

Which five states gave Douglas his strongest support?

Ohio, Indiana, Illinois,Missouri, and California

Which four states carried Buchanan in 1856 and then were carried by Lincoln in 1860?

Pennsylvania, Indiana, Illinois, and California

Lame Duck

Period between Lincoln's election and his inauguration during which the ineffectual President Buchanan remained in office.

H. B. Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin

Persuaded millions of northerners and Europeans that slavery was evil and should be eliminated.

Beecher's Bibles

Rifles paid for by New England abolitionists and brought to Kansas by anti-slavery pioneers.

John C. Fremont

Romantic western hero and first republican candidate for president.

Pottawatomie Creek, Kansas

Scene of militant abolitionist John Brown's massacre of proslavery men in 1856.

Panic of 1857

Sharp economic decline that increased the northern demands for a high tariff and convinced southerners that the North was economically vulnerable.

Harper's Ferry

Site of a federal arsenal where a militant abolitionist attempted to stop a slave rebellion.

Montgomery, Alabama

Site where the seven seceding states united to declare their independence from the United States.

Preston Brooks

Southern Congressman whose bloody attack on a northern senator fueled sectional hatred.

Hinton R. Helper

Southern-born author whose book attacking slavery's effects on whites aroused northern opinion. The Impending Crisis of the South.

Bleeding Kansas

Term that describes the prairie territory where a small-scale civil war erupted in 1856.

Lincoln Douglass Debate

Thoughtful political discussion during an Illinois Senate campaign that sharply defined national issues concerning slavery.

Lecomton Constitution

Trickery proslavery document deigned to bring Kansas into the Union but was blocked by Stephen A. Douglas.

Although the Republican candidate lost to Buchanan, the election of 1856 demonstrated the growing power of the new anti-slavery party.

True

Both South Carolina and Massachusetts defiantly reelected the principal figures in the Brooks-Sumner beating incident.

True

Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin proved to be the most influential publication in arousing the northern and European publics against the evils of slavery.

True

John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry failed to set off a slave uprising but succeeded in inflaming passions in both North and South.

True

Republicans considered the Supreme Court's Dred Scott decision invalid and vowed to defy it.

True

Seven states seceded and formed the Confederate States of America during the "lameduck" period between Lincoln's election and his inauguration.

True

The election of 1860 was really two campaigns, Lincoln versus Douglas in the North and Bell versus Breckenridge in the South.

True

The overwhelming support for Lincoln in the North gave him a majority of the total popular vote despite winning almost no votes in the South.

True

The violence in Kansas was provoked by both radical abolitionists and militant proslavery forces.

True

In which four future Confederate states was the opposition to secession strongest?

Virginia, Alabama, Tennessee, and Georgia

James Buchanan

Weak Democratic president whose manipulation by proslavery forces divided his own party.

John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry

What convinced southerners that the North generally supported murder and slave rebellion?

Lincoln's rejection of the Crittenden Compromise

What ended the last hopes of a peaceable sectional settlement and an end to secession?

The Dred Scott case

What infuriated Republicans and made them determined to defy the Supreme Court?

The exercise of "popular sovereignty" in Kansas

What led to a "mini" prairie civil war between proslavery and antislavery groups?

The 1858 Illinois senate race

What made Lincoln a leading national Republican figure and hurt Douglas' presidential chances?

The election of Lincoln as president

What moved South Carolina to declare immediate secession from the Union?

Buchanan's support for the proslavery Lecompton Constitution

What offended Senator Douglas and divided the Democratic party?

The "lame-duck" period and Buchanan's indecisiveness

What paralyzed the North as the southern secessionist movement gained momentum?

The splitting of the Democratic party in 1860

What shattered one of the last links between the sections and almost guaranteed Lincoln's victory in 1860?

How many electoral votes did Buchanan get from the free states?

52

The Impending Crisis of the South

A book by a southern writer that argued that slavery especially oppressed poor whites.

Crittenden Compromise

A last-ditch plan to save the Union by providing guarantees for slavery in the territories.

Confederate States of America

A new nation that proclaimed it independence in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1861.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

A powerful, personal novel that altered the course of American politics.

New England Emigrant Aid Company

Abolitionist group that sent settlers and "Beecher's Bibles" to oppose slavery in Kansas.

Charles Sumner

Abolitionist senator whose verbal attack on the South provoked a physical assault that severely injured him.

Know Nothing Party

Anti-immigrant party headed by former President Fillmore that competed with the Republicans and Democrats in the election of 1856.

In which three states did every single county for which returns are available support secession?

Arkansas, North Carolina, and South Carolina