APUSH Chapter 19 Learning Curve

By 1900, city reformers worked on altering urban landscapes as part of a movement given what name?

"City Beautiful"

What entrepreneur donated money that was used to found more than a thousand libraries across the United States?

Andrew Carnegie

Which city was the first to build an underground railroad line?

Boston

What impact did city politics have on immigrant communities in the United States in the late nineteenth century?

Integrated them into urban society

In the late nineteenth century, many cities cut death rates from typhoid, yellow fever, and cholera by instituting what?

New sewage and drainage systems

Joseph Pulitzer worked in which industry in the late nineteenth century?

Newspaper

In the early 1900s, a baby born to a Slavic woman in an American city had what chance of dying in infancy?

One in 3

Why did big cities in the United States become sites of manufacturing as well as finance and trade after the Civil War?

Steam engines allowed factory operators to move away from water-driven power

Which act, passed by Congress in 1906, created an administration to regulate food and medical products?

The Pure Food and Drug Act

Which subculture emerged in American cities in the late nineteenth century and offered a dramatic challenge to Victorian ideals?

The gay community

What new institution arose as a result of the work with children of Julia Lathrop, one of the workers at Chicago's Hull House?

The juvenile justic system

During the depression of the 1890s, what percentage of working-class Americans was unemployed?

Up to 25 percent

To what does the term "private city" refer in historians' discussions of urban life in the United States in the late nineteenth century?

Urban areas shaped by individuals and profit-seeking businesses

What did Florence Kelley hope to achieve through her leadership of the National Consumers' League (NCL)?

Worker protection

Which technological innovation transformed urban nightlife in the United States in the late nineteenth century?

electric wiring

What innovation did Detroit mayor Hazen Pingree offer to address the problems of the depression of the 1890s?

giving city land for urban gardens

How did reform-minded businessman Tom Johnson recapture the political support of Cleveland's working class in the early twentieth century?

he advocated public ownership of city utilities

In what type of buildings did New York City's poor immigrants generally make their homes?

tenements

Which statement assesses the early-twentieth-century crusade against prostitution in the United States?

the crusade pushed prostitution out of the brothels and into the street

Which institution of progressivism offered a laboratory to experiment with solving social problems?

the settlement movement

What was the relationship of Italian immigrants' mutual aid societies and Chinese Americans' tongs?

they were essentially the same

What prompted urban reform movements in the 1890s?

widespread suffering from the depression of that decade

What form of government did the leaders of the National Municipal League advise cities in the United States to institute in the early twentieth century?

A city manager system

What was the Triangle factory fire?

A sweatshop fire that resulted in the deaths of nearly 150 people

A mob of whites attacked the black community in 1906 in which city?

Atlanta

How did the early-twentieth-century campaign against prostitution affect prostitutes in many Americans cities at the time?

By closing brothels, new laws worsened many prostitutes' lives

How did the citizens of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, try to bring innovative reforms to their city around the turn of the nineteenth century?

By electing Socialists to city governement

How did adoption of steam power change manufacturing in the middle and late nineteenth century?

By vastly expanding scale

Which city suffered a terrible fire in 1871?

Chicago

What was America's best-known amusement park around 1900?

Coney Island

Which Hull House volunteer became the first American woman to hold a U.S. cabinet post?

Frances Perkins

What city was struck by a violent hurricane in 1900, leading to a major reform of its city government structure?

Galveston, Texas

Why was Margaret Sanger indicted for publishing her newspaper column "What Every Girl Should Know" in the 1910s?

Her frank discussion of birth control violated obscenity laws

Which ethnic group was the largest in Boston in the late nineteenth century?

Irish

Who were the "muckrakers" of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century?

Journalists who promoted reform

How did the city of Chicago address its sewage problem around the turn of the century?

It reversed the course of the Chicago River

Who founded Hull House in 1889 in Chicago as part of the settlement movement?

Jane Addams

What were the political machines that played such a vital role in late-nineteenth-century American cities?

Local party bureaucracies that controlled elected and appointed offices

What did the New York Tammany ward boss George Washington Plunkitt mean by "honest graft"?

Profiting from insider status

Congress passed the Mann Act in 1910 to achieve what purpose?

Prohibit the transportation of prostitutes across state lines

The nation's first electric trolley car system was built in which American city?

Richmond

What was the main feature of the "yellow journalism" of Joseph Pulitzer, William Randolph Hearst, and other newspaper publishers of the late nineteenth century?

Sensational stories

The settlement houses that emerged in early-twentieth-century cities pioneered what new occupational field?

Social work

The dominance of private development in U.S. cities and the preference for business solutions to city needs are expressed in what concept?

The "private city"

Why were audiences at the Metropolitan Opera in New York shocked by an opera presented there in 1907?

The Metropolitan performed the sexually scandalous opera Salome

At the turn of the twentieth century, 90 percent of African Americans still lived in what region?

The South

Which building, completed in 1913, marked the beginning of the modern Manhattan skyline?

The Woolworth Building

Why were skyscrapers an impetus to urban development?

They made it possible to crowd more work and living space into a given area

In what way was the power of city governments limited?

They were subject to state law

Why did journalist Upton Sinclair write his 1904 novel The Jungle?

To expose labor exploitation in Chicago's meatpacking plants

What political boss made Tammany Hall a byword for corruption in the late nineteenth century?

William Marcy Tweed

Working separately in the 1880s and 1890s, researcher Helen Campbell and photographer Jacob Riis both sought to call attention to what problem?

miserable conditions in urban tenement housing

To which political party did the American reform mayors of the early twentieth century belong?

no particular party

What was the ultimate basis for the cohesion of urban political machines?

party loyalty

Which of the following bore primary responsibility for developing the infrastructure of late-nineteenth-century American cities?

private enterprise

Beginning in the 1850s and accelerating in the late nineteenth century, the spread of railroads in the United States spurred the growth of

suburbs