APUSH Chapter 23 pt. 1

Thomas Nast

(1840-1902) American political cartoonist; he helped turn public attention to the corruption of Tammany Hall and Boss Tweed.

"Mugwumps"

(1880s): Republican political activists who supported Grover Cleveland (the Democratic candidate) in the election of 1884. They switched parties because they were opposed to the financial corruption associated with the Republican candidate James G. Blaine; supposedly, they made the difference in NY in the close election and played a significant role in getting Cleveland elected.

Grover Cleveland

..., 22nd and 24th president, Democrat, Honest and hardworking, fought corruption, vetoed hundreds of wasteful bills, achieved the Interstate Commerce Commission and civil service reform, violent suppression of strikes

Horace Greeley

-nominated by Liberal Republicans and Democrats for Presidential candidate in the election of 1872, but did not win election

Benjamin Harrison

..., the twenty-third President of the United States, serving one term from 1889 to 1893. He had previously served as a senator from Indiana. His administration is best known for a series of legislation including the McKinley Tariff and federal spending that reached one billion dollars. Democrats attacked the "Billion Dollar Congress" and defeated the GOP in the 1890 mid-term elections, as well as defeating Harrison's bid for reelection in 1892. He is to date the only president from Indiana.

James Garfield

1880; Republican; president for only 4 months before being assassinated by Charles Guiteau; promoted civil service reform but did not live to see

Rutherford B. Hayes

19th President, ended reconstruction by removing federal troops, disputed Tilden/Hayes election resulted in the Compromise of 1877

Samuel Tilden

A New York lawyer who rose to fame by bagging big boss Tweed, a notorious New York political boss in New York. He was nominated for President in 1876 by the Democratic party because of his clean up image. This election was so close that it led to the compromise of 1877. Even though he had more popular votes the compromise gave presidency to the Republicans and allowed the Democrats to stop reconstruction in the south.

Stalwarts

A faction of the Republican party led by Conkling in the end of the 1800s. Supported the political machine and patronage. Conservatives who opposed civil service reform.

Roscoe Conkling

A politician from New York who served both as a member of the United States House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. He was the leader of the Stalwart faction of the Republican Party.

Ulysses S. Grant

An American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.

J.P. Morgan

An influential banker and businessman who bought and reorganized companies. His US Steel company would buy Carnegie steel and become the largest business in the world in 1901

Chester Arthur

Appointed customs collector for the port of New York - corrupt and implemented a heavy spoils system. He was chosen as Garfield's running mate. Garfield won but was shot, so Arthur became the 21st president.

James G. Blaine

Benjamin Harrison's secretary of state and played an important role in the Pan-American Conference. The charming and popular man was the Republican nominee for president in 1884 who lost to Grover Cleveland. His candidacy was hurt by charges of corruption with the railroads exposed in the Mulligan letters.

Election of 1888

Benjamin Harrison(Republican) Vs. Grover Cleveland(Democrat). The main issue was the tariff. Harrison opposed tariff reduction while Cleveland supported it. Harrison won because he won a larger electoral vote than Cleveland. Cleveland was unpopular with industrialists, veterans and farmers because of his actions towards pensions, tariffs, and currency.

Election of 1876

Brought military reconstruction to an end. An example of the winner of the popular vote not winning to electoral college. Hayes elected by one-vote margin of victory in the electoral college

Election of 1892

Cleveland v. Harrison, in which Cleveland won. The former was anti-protectionist tariffs, while the latter supported them. The people's party ran with Weaver, and showed their worth in this election. They did not win the presidency, but won several seats in both the house and the senate.

Horatio Seymour

Democratic presidential nominee for election of 1868; former New York governor; platform was the Ohio Idea (redemption in greenbacks, so as to keep more money in circulation and keep interest rates lower); lost to Grant. Had a lot of Southern support.

Election of 1884

Election between James G. Blaine (republican) and Grover Cleveland (democrats). Republican reformers (mugwumps) refused to support Blaine, giving the win to Cleveland. It was one of the dirtiest elections in American history ("rum, romanism, and rebellion!").

Election of 1872

Election where Liberal Republicans sought honest government and nominated Greeley as their candidate. The Democratic Party had also chosen Greeley. Regular Republicans renominated Grant. The Republicans controlled enough Black votes to gain victory for Grant.

Liberal Republican Party

Formed in 1872 by reform-minded citizens in response to the political corruption in Washington. The party met in Cincinnati and chose Horace Greeley as their presidential candidate.

Election of 1868

Grant vs. Seymour; republicans nominate grant and their platform is payback civil war debt and allow reconstruction; democrats nominate horace seymour; grant takes office for 8 years nicknamed "era of good steelings"

Election of 1880

In this election, Republican James A. Garfield with Stalwart vice president, Chester A. Arthur, run against Democrat Winfield Scott Hancock; Garfield won.

Greenback Labor Party

Political party devoted to improving the lives of laborers and raising inflation, reaching its high point in 1878 when it polled over a million votes and elected fourteen members of Congress.

Winfield Scott

Ran against James Garfield in the election of 1880, and lost

Populist (People's) Party

U.S. political party formed in 1892 representing mainly farmers, favoring free coinage of silver and government control of railroads and other monopolies

William Jennings Bryan

United States lawyer and politician who advocated free silver and prosecuted John Scopes (1925) for teaching evolution in a Tennessee high school (1860-1925)

Boss Tweed

William Tweed, head of Tammany Hall, NYC's powerful democratic political machine in 1868. Between 1868 and 1869 he led the Tweed Reign, a group of corrupt politicians in defrauding the city. Example: Responsible for the construction of the NY court house; actual construction cost $3million. Project cost tax payers $13million.

Jay Gould

an American financier who became a leading American railroad developer and speculator. Partnered with Jim Fisk, Conned President Grant into ceasing the sale of gold on market to stop inflation and help farmers, but resulted in "Black Friday," Spetember 24,1869

Thomas "Czar" Reed

republican Speaker of the House in 1888, had an iron grip over Congress, and kept democrats in line; billion-dollar Congress; passed McKinley Act (raised rates)

Half-Breeds

republican reformers who were accused of backing reform simply to create openings for their own supporters, led by James G. Blaine

Charles J. Guiteau

shot President Grafield in the back in a Washington railroad station. Guiteau allegedly committed this crime so that Arthur, a stalwart, would become President. Guiteau's attorneys used a plea of insanity, but failed and Guiteau was hung for murder. After this event politics began to get cleaned up with things like the Pendelton Act.

Jim Fisk

worked with jay gould - wanted to corner the US gold market and convince the treasury not to release gold so they could have control over the gold market - almost worked- showed corruption of grant presidency - lead to black friday