APUSH Chapter 25

Besides serving immigrants and the poor in urban neighborhoods, settlement workers like Jane Addams and Florence Kelley a. actively lobbied for social reforms like anti-sweatshop laws and child labor laws. b. created the new, largely female profession of teaching. c. looked down on the immigrant populations they served. d. saw themselves primarily as feminists who worked to advance women's causes. e. steered clear of controversial international questions like war and peace.

a

Black leader, Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois a. demanded complete equality for African Americans. b. established an industrial school at Tuskegee, Alabama. c. supported the goals of Booker T. Washington. d. was an ex-slave who rose to fame. e. None of these

a

During the industrial revolution, life expectancy [A] measurably increased. [B] changed very little. [C] decreased. [D] rose for women more than men. [E] was much higher in Europe than in the United States.

a

Henry George argued that the unearned windfall profits of those who did not work for them should be a. confiscated by government taxation. b. distributed to public works through private philanthropy. c. saved and invested for the benefit of the community. d. looked upon as the inevitable consequence of "the survival of the fittest." e. prevented through communal land ownership.

a

Henry George found the root of social inequality and social injustice in [A] landowners who gained unearned wealth from rising land values. [B] businesspeople who gained excessive profits by exploiting workers. [C] labor unions that artificially drove up the prices of wages and therefore goods. [D] patriarchal ideologies that regarded women as inferior domestic beings. [E] stock speculators and financiers who manipulated the price of real goods and services

a

In the course of the late nineteenth century, [A] family size gradually declined. [B] people tended to marry at an early age. [C] the birthrate increased. [D] the divorce rate fell. [E] children lived longer at home.

a

Labor unions favored immigration restriction because most immigrants were all of the following except a. opposed to factory labor. b. used as strikebreakers. c. willing to work for lower wages. d. difficult to unionize. e. non-English speaking.

a

New Immigrant groups were regarded with special hostility by many nativist Americans because a. most Americans considered Italian, Greek, or Jewish culture inferior to their own. b. many New Immigrants attempted to convert Americans to Catholicism, Orthodox Christianity, or Judaism. c. in many New Immigrant families, women were kept in distinctly subordinate roles. d. New Immigrants were often more politically loyal to their homelands than to the United States. e. their religions were distinctly different and some New Immigrants were politically radical.

a

That a "talented tenth" of American blacks should lead the race to full social and political equality with whites was the view of [A] W. E. B. Du Bois. [B] Ida B. Wells. [C] Paul Laurence Dunbar. [D] George Washington Carver. [E] Booker T. Washington.

a

The Darwinian theory of organic evolution through natural selection affected American religion by a. turning most scientists against religion. b. creating a split between religious conservatives who denied evolution and accomodationists who supported it. c. raising awareness of the close spiritual kinship between animals and human beings. d. causing a revival of the doctrine of original sin. e. sparking the rise of new denominations based on modern science.

a

The Morrill Act of 1862 [A] granted public lands to states to support higher education. [B] mandated racial integration in public schools. [C] established the modern American research university. [D] established women's colleges like Vassar. [E] required compulsory school attendance through high school.

a

The philosophy of pragmatism maintains that __________ is/are important. [A] the practical consequences of an idea [B] the logically correct formulation of a theory [C] forgoing materialism in favor of high ideals [D] knowledge is innate in the human mind [E] how you think, not what you do

a

The place that offered the greatest opportunities for American women in the period 1865-1900 was a. the big city. b. the West. c. suburban communities. d. rural America. e. New England.

a

The post-Civil War era witnessed a. an increase in compulsory school-attendance laws. b. the collapse of the Chautauqua movement. c. rejection of the German system of kindergartens. d. a slow rise in the illiteracy rate. e. an emphasis on liberal arts colleges.

a

The pragmatists were a school of American philosophers who emphasized a. the provisional and fallible nature of knowledge and the value of ideas that solved problems. b. that ideas were largely worthless and only practical experience should be pursued. c. that the traditional Greek ideals of Plato and Aristotle should be revived. d. that scientific experimentation provided a new and absolutely certain basis for knowledge. e. that most academic knowledge was based on bourgeois ideas that oppressed the working class.

a

The religious denomination that responded most favorably to the New Immigration was a. Roman Catholics. b. Baptists. c. Episcopalians. d. Christian Scientists. e. Mormons.

a

The term Richardsonian in the late nineteenth century pertained to A architecture. B sculpture. C novels. D music. E painting.

a

Which of the following schools became a prominent scholarly academic institution for African-Americans in the late 1800s? a. Howard University b. Harvard University c. Tuskegee Institute d. the University of Chicago e. Temple University

a

Most New Immigrants a. eventually returned to their country of origin. b. tried to preserve their Old Country culture in America. c. were subjected to stringent immigration restrictions. d. were quickly assimilated into the mainstream of American life. e. were converted to mainstream Protestantism.

b

One of the most important factors leading to an increased divorce rate in the late nineteenth century was the a. decline in farm income. b. stresses of urban life. c. emerging feminist movement. d. passage of more liberal divorce laws. e. decline of religious organizations.

b

Prominent Protestant pastors like Walter Rauschenbusch and Washington Gladden argued that a. the ancient Bible should be replaced by more modern scientific sociology and social theory. b. the Christian Gospel required that churches address poverty and other burning social issues of the day. c. the churches were in danger of being taken over by anti-intellectual fundamentalism. d. it was up to women to lead the church in an age of industrial democracy. e. the clergy should become the advance guard of a militant working class revolution.

b

The development of electric trolleys in the late nineteenth century transformed the American city by a. ending horse-drawn transportation in the city. b. enabling cities to build upward as well as outward. c. separating the mass transportation of the working class from the private vehicles of the wealthy. d. enabling cities to plan streets along regular grid lines. e. creating distinct districts devoted to residential neighborhoods, commerce, and industry.

b

The early settlement house workers, such as Jane Addams and Florence Kelley, helped to blaze the professional trail for a. language specialists. b. social workers. c. day-care workers. d. criminal psychologists. e. female politicians.

b

The major factor in drawing country people off the farms and into the big cities was the a. development of the skyscraper. b. availability of industrial jobs. c. compact nature of those large communities. d. advent of new housing structures known as dumbbell tenements. e. lure of cultural excitement.

b

The two immigrant ethnic groups who were most harshly treated in the mid to late nineteenth century were the a. Spanish and Greeks. b. Irish and Chinese. c. Germans and Swedes. d. Japanese and Filipinos. e. French and Russians.

b

The two major sources of funding for the powerful new American research universities were a. tuition paid by undergraduate students and fees charged to those served by the universities. b. state land grants and wealthy, philanthropic industrialists. c. the federal government and local communities. d. income from successful patents and corporate research grants. e. churches and numerous private individual donors.

b

In the course of the late nineteenth century a. the birthrate increased. b. the divorce rate fell. c. family size gradually declined. d. people tended to marry at an earlier age. e. children were seen as a greater economic asset.

c

In the decades after the Civil War, changes in sexual attitudes and practices were reflected in all of the following except [A] soaring divorce rates. [B] increasingly frank discussion of sexual topics. [C] the fact that Americans were marrying at an earlier age. [D] the spreading practice of birth control. [E] critiques of women's roles as mothers.

c

Reflecting women's increasing independence in the late 1890s, author and feminist Charlotte Perkins Gilman supported all of the following except a. women abandoning their dependent status. b. women seeking power via their roles as wives and mothers. c. notions that biology made women fundamentally different from men. d. centralized nurseries and cooperative kitchens. e. women becoming productive members of the economy as workers.

c

The New Immigrants who came to the United States after 1880 a. had experience with democratic governments. b. were numerous but never constituted a majority of the immigrants in any given year. c. were culturally different from previous immigrants. d. received a warm welcome from the Old Immigrants. e. represented nonwhite racial groups.

c

Which one of the following has the least in common with the other four? a. Slums b. Dumbbell tenements c. Bedroom communities d. Flophouses e. The "Lung Block"

c

A "bird of passage" was an immigrant who a. came to the United States to live permanently. b. only passed through America on his or her way to Canada. c. was unmarried. d. came to America to work for a short time and then returned to Europe. e. flew from job to job.

d

As a leader of the African-American community, Booker T. Washington [A] promoted black political activism. [B] discovered hundreds of uses for the peanut. [C] advocated social equality. [D] grudgingly acquiesced to segregation. [E] helped to found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

d

By 1900, advocates of women's suffrage a. acknowledged that women were biologically weaker than men but claimed that they deserved the vote anyway. b. temporarily abandoned the movement for the vote. c. formed strong alliances with African Americans seeking voting rights. d. argued that the vote would enable women to extend their roles as mothers and homemakers to the public world. e. insisted on the inherent political and moral equality of men and women.

d

By the late nineteenth century, most of the Old Immigrant groups from northern and Western Europe a. actively promoted the idea of a multicultural America. b. were still regarded with suspicion and hostility by the majority of native Americans. c. had largely abandoned their ethnically based churches, clubs, and neighborhoods. d. were largely accepted as American, even though they often lived in separate ethnic neighborhoods. e. still maintained a primary loyalty to their country of origin, especially Ireland or Germany.

d

General Lewis Wallace's book Ben Hur [A] achieved success only after his death. [B] was based on a popular early movie. [C] detailed Wallace's experiences in the Civil War. [D] defended Christianity against Darwinism. [E] emphasized that virtue, honesty, and hard work were rewarded by success.

d

In the decades after the Civil War, college education for women [A] blossomed especially in the South. [B] resulted in the passage of the Hatch Act. [C] became more difficult to obtain. [D] became much more common. [E] was confined to women's colleges.

d

Religious Modernists [A] tended to ignore evidence of social and economic injustice. [B] railed against the social philosophy of the social gospel movement. [C] denounced the Christian Scientists and Salvation Army as "ungodly." [D] found ways to reconcile Christianity and Darwinism. [E] sought to do away with the Bible.

d

Settlement houses such as Hull House engaged in all of the following activities except a. child care. b. instruction in English. c. cultural activities. d. instruction in socialism. e. social reform lobbying.

d

Settlement houses, such as Hull House, engaged in all of the following activities except a. child care. b. instruction in English. c. cultural activities. d. evangelical religious instruction. e. lobbying for social reform.

d

The American Protective Association [A] was led for many years by Florence Kelley and Jane Addams. [B] sought to organize mutual-aid associations. [C] established settlement houses in several major cities in order to aid New Immigrants. [D] supported immigration restrictions. [E] preached the social gospel that churches were obligated to protect New Immigrants.

d

The subject of the Eighteenth Amendment was [A] the poll tax. [B] income tax. [C] woman suffrage. [D] prohibition. [E] direct election of senators.

d

The tremendously rapid growth of American cities in the post-Civil War decades was a. uniquely American. b. fueled by an agricultural system suffering from poor production levels. c. attributable to the closing of the frontier. d. a trend that affected Europe as well. e. a result of natural reproduction.

d

The two late-nineteenth-century newspaper publishers whose competition for circulation fueled the rise of sensationalistic yellow journalism were a. Horatio Alger and Harlan E. Halsey. b. Henry Adams and Henry James. c. Henry George and Edward Bellamy. d. William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer. e. Edwin L. Godkin and Stephen Crane.

d

According to the social gospel, a. workers should be content with their station in life. b. the church should not concern itself in the social affairs of the world. c. clergy should try to reach the socially prominent. d. Christianity would replace socialism. e. the lessons of Christianity should be applied to solve the problems manifest in slums and factories.

e

American novel-writing turned from romanticism and transcendentalism to rugged realism as a result of the [A] prominence of women writers. [B] impact of race relations. [C] influence of Latin American literature. [D] higher educational level of the authors. [E] materialism of industrial society.

e

Americans offered growing support for a free public education system [A] to combat the growing strength of Catholic parochial schools. [B] when the Chautauqua movement began to decline. [C] when private schools began to fold. [D] as a way of identifying an intellectual elite. [E] because they accepted the idea that a free government cannot function without educated citizens.

e

Booker T. Washington believed that the key to political and civil rights for African Americans was a. the vote. b. rigorous academic training. c. the rejection of accommodationist attitudes. d. to directly challenge white supremacy. e. economic independence and education

e

Charles Darwin's theory of evolution a. was opposed by religious Modernists. b. left open the question of human origins. c. was attacked most bitterly by orator Colonel Robert Ingersoll. d. helped to unite college teachers of biology in support of the theory of "survival of the fittest." e. cast serious doubt on a literal interpretation of the Bible.

e

During industrialization, Americans increasingly [A] became less optimistic. [B] fragmented into diverse consumer markets. [C] had less free time. [D] became more inefficient. [E] fell into the ways of lockstep living.

e

Edward Bellamy's novel, Looking Backward, inspired numerous late-nineteenth-century social reformers by a. demonstrating that women's work in the home was seriously undervalued. b. showing how a single tax on land speculation would end poverty. c. portraying the sufferings of an immigrant worker in Chicago's stockyard meat industry. d. showing the hypocrisy of the urban wealthy. e. portraying a utopian America in the year 2000, where nationalized industry had solved all social problems.

e

In a country hungry for news, American newspapers [A] crusaded for social reform. [B] repudiated the tactics of Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst. [C] printed hard-hitting editorials. [D] came to rely less on syndicated material. [E] became sensationalist.

e

In the 1890s, positions for women as secretaries, department store clerks, and telephone operators were largely reserved for [A] Irish. [B] African-Americans. [C] the college-educated. [D] Jews. [E] the native born.

e

Match each of these late-nineteenth-century writers with the theme of his work. ___ A. Lewis Wallace ___ B. Horatio Alger ___ C. Henry James ___ D. William Dean Howells 1. success and honor as the products of honesty and hard work 2. anti-Darwinism support for the Holy Scriptures 3. contemporary social problems like divorce, labor strikes, and socialism 4. psychological realism and the dilemmas of sophisticated women. [A] A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 [B] A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1 [C] A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4 [D] A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 [E] A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

e

Most Italian immigrants to the United States between 1880 and 1920 came to escape a. political oppression. b. famine. c. the political disintegration of their country. d. the military draft. e. the poverty and backwardness of southern Italy.

e

One of the early symbols of the dawning era of consumerism in urban America was a. mass-production factories. b. the Sears catalog. c. advertising billboards. d. public transportation systems. e. large department stores.

e

The Comstock Law was intended to advance the cause of a. racial equality. b. public health. c. temperance. d. woman suffrage. e. sexual purity.

e

The National American Woman Suffrage Association a. achieved its central political goal in 1898. b. conducted an integrated campaign for equal rights. c. abandoned the goals of Susan Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. d. elected Ida B. Wells as its president. e. limited its membership to whites.

e

The various racial and ethnic groups in large cities, though living in different neighborhoods, shared which of the following activities? [A] popular show business [B] shopping [C] sports [D] reading [E] all of these

e

Which of the following prominent post-Civil War writers did not reflect the increased attention to social problems by those from less affluent backgrounds? a. Mark Twain b. William Dean Howells c. Stephen Crane d. Kate Chopin e. Henry Adams

e