APUSH Chapter 5 Learning Curve

In 1775, what did William Pitt propose that American colonists should do in exchange for Parliament renouncing its power to tax the colonies and its recognition of the Continental Congress as a lawful body?

Acknowledge parliamentary supremacy and provide revenue

Who did Parliament decide to tax first when the British Empire found itself deep in debt in the wake of the Great War for Empire (1754-1763)?

Britain's poor and middling classes

Why did the British abandon Fort Pitt in October 1772?

Budget cuts forced the move.

To help pay the enlarged British national debt in the 1760s, Parliament passed an increase in sales taxes also known as what?

Excise levies

What statement by Benjamin Franklin outraged the American-born royal governor of Massachusetts, Thomas Hutchinson, in 1770?

Franklin suggested that the colonies were "distinct and separate states."

Which prime minister presided over British attempts to reform the colonial system in America after the Great War for Empire?

George Grenville

Why did Lord North repeal the Townshend duties in 1770?

He argued that taxes on British exports made no economic sense.

Why was Patrick Henry's attack against the Stamp Act so radical?

He directly attacked George III for supporting the legislation.

What was George III's political failure in handling the rebellion among American colonists?

He failed to exploit the divisions among the Patriots.

Why did the British secretary of state for American affairs Lord Hillsborough favor a permanent Proclamation Line to the west of the colonies?

He feared the end of the British laboring class

How did Prime Minister George Grenville first try to address the revenue problem with the American colonies?

He proposed the Currency Act.

How did chancellor of the exchequer Charles Townshend seek to undermine American political institutions in his Revenue Act of 1767?

He sought to block American influence by using parliamentary taxes to finance imperial administration in the colonies.

In November 1773, a group of African American slaves in Virginia planned to use what strategy to try to win their freedom?

Helping British troops expected to arrive in Virginia

Which statement describes the impact of Thomas Paine's Common Sense?

It made a broad and deep impression throughout colonial society.

Why did southern slave owners join the cause of the largely urban-led Patriot movement?

Many were deeply in debt to British merchants and, as masters of their domains, resented this financial dependence.

What constitutional principle was Parliament asserting with passage of the Stamp Act?

Parliament could bypass colonial assemblies and impose an internal tax on the colonies.

Why was Pennsylvania's claim on the region around Fort Pitt more compelling than Virginia's?

Pennsylvania had organized local governments in that region.

Under which policy did the British prohibit white settlement west of the frontier line along the Appalachians?

Proclamation of 1763

Which act of 1774 extended legal recognition to Roman Catholics in French regions of Canada, stirring old religious hatreds between Catholics and Protestants, especially in New England?

Quebec Act

Take a look at the engraving of a colonial crowd protesting the Stamp Act in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in 1765. Which of the following best summarizes the nature of this crowd as presented by the artist?

Respectable and celebratory

The Quebec Act allowed practice of which religion in Quebec?

Roman Catholicism

In 1763, Radical Whigs launched a campaign to reform Parliament by abolishing tiny districts that were controlled by wealthy aristocrats and merchants. What were these districts known as?

Rotten boroughs

The Tea Act of 1773 benefited which group?

The East India Company

What was the name of the law passed by Parliament that required the colonies to pay a tax on legal papers, newspapers, playing cards, and other printed items?

The Stamp Act

As part of his plan to address the issue of representation, Joseph Galloway, a delegate to the First Continental Congress proposed "That the several [colonial] assemblies shall [form an American union and] choose members for the grand council. . . . That the Grand Council . . . shall hold and exercise all the like rights, liberties and privileges, as are held and exercised by and in the House of Commons of Great-Britain. . . . That the said President-General and the Grand Council, be an inferior and distinct branch of the British legislature, united and incorporated with it, . . . and that the assent of both [Parliament and the Grand Council] shall be requisite to the validity of all such general acts or statutes [that affect the colonies]." Which of the following most accurately summarizes Galloway's plan?

The colonies would remain British but operate under a continental government with the power to veto parliamentary laws that affected America.

Why did the mainland colonies achieve a trade surplus with Britain in 1769?

The colonies' nonimportation agreement was taking its toll.

How did British politicians respond to Benjamin Franklin's argument that Americans deserved representation in Parliament before they could be taxed?

The colonists had virtual representation in Parliament.

According to the royal governor of Massachusetts Francis Bernard, what applied to British subjects in Britain but not to American colonists?

The right to direct representation in Parliament

Why did the tenant farmers of the Hudson River Valley in New York support the king?

Their landlords were Patriots.

Why did a good number of men of the upper classes fear the Patriot movement?

They feared that resistance to Britain was the beginning of broader anarchy.

Why did the Virginia gentry support the demands of yeomen farmers to close the law courts in 1774?

They feared that they too might end up in court for their indebtedness.

Why did New England merchants oppose the Sugar Act of 1764?

They feared that tighter customs enforcement would wipe out their smuggling of French molasses.

Why did the political allies of New England merchants object to the Sugar Acts?

They objected to the Sugar Act on constitutional grounds.

Why were many American colonists skeptical of the Patriot movement?

They suspected that Patriot leaders only sought to advance their own selfish interests.

Which statement explains the fact that more than three-fourths of the voters of Long Island did not want to send a delegate to New York's Provincial Congress in 1775?

They wanted to preserve their families' property and independence.

Two weeks after the Stamp Act went into effect, a Boston mob attacked the house of which lieutenant governor, who was a defender of social privilege and imperial authority?

Thomas Hutchinson

What was the primary purpose of the Townshend Act of 1767?

To free royal officials from financial dependence on the American legislatures

Which British political leader was the only one who openly supported a proposal made by Benjamin Franklin for American representation in Parliament?

William Pitt

The British ministry shrewdly drafted the Sugar Act of 1764 with the intention of

allowing colonial trade with the French West Indies and imposing a lower but more strictly enforced duty on French molasses.

The major transformation of the British Empire following the Seven Years' War can best be characterized as a(n)

centralization of the empire in the hands of imperial officials.

Evangelical Protestants stirred by the religious passions of the Great Awakening joined mobs opposing the Stamp Act because they

resented the arrogance of British military officers and the corruption of royal bureaucrats.

One major ideological touchstone for American patriots was the rationalist thought promoted by philosophers of

the Enlightenment.