APUSH - Chapter 6 (1608-1763)

Treaty of Utrecht

1713; ended Queen Ann's War; transferred large areas of French territory in North America to English including Nova Scotia and Newfoundland.

Battle of Quebec

A battle between General Wolfe and Marquis de Montcalm which occurred at Quebec. Wolfe's forces surprised the larger forces of Marquis and defeated them. Both Wolfe and Marquis died in battle. Quebec fell on September 13, 1759.

Proclamation of 1763

A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalacian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east.

Benjamin Franklin

American public official, writer, scientist, and printer. After the success of his Poor Richard's Almanac (1732-1757), he entered politics and played a major part in the American Revolution. Franklin negotiated French support for the colonists, signed the Treaty of Paris (1783), and helped draft the Constitution (1787-1789). His numerous scientific and practical innovations include the lightning rod, bifocal spectacles, and a stove.

Beaver

Animal whose pelt provided great profits for the French empire and enhanced European fashion at enormous ecological cost.

Edward Braddock

British commander during the French and Indian War; attempted to capture Fort Duquesne in 1755; was defeated by the French and the Indians. At this battle, Braddock was mortally wounded.

James Wolfe

English general, led troops up steep cliff to capture Quebec which marked the beginning of the end of the French/Indian War.

Join or Die

Famous cartoon drawn by Ben Franklin which encouraged the colonies to join in fighting the British during the French and Indian War.

Daniel Boone

Famous early pioneer who cleared Wilderness Road, a new route to the west. Wilderness Road became the main route used to cross the Appalachian Mountains

James Oglethorpe

Founder and governor of the Georgia colony. He ran a tightly-disciplined, military-like colony. Slaves, alcohol, and Catholicism were forbidden in his colony. Many colonists felt that Oglethorpe was a dictator, and that (along with the colonist's dissatisfaction over not being allowed to own slaves) caused the colony to break down and Oglethorpe to lose his position as governor.

Huguenots

French Protestants. The Edict of Nantes (1598) freed them from persecution in France, but when that was revoked in the late 1700s, hundreds of thousands of Huguenots fled to other countries, including North America.

Voyageurs

French adventurers who journeyed by canoe from Montréal to the interior of North America to trade with Indians for furs.

New France

French colony in North America, with a capital in Quebec, founded 1608. New France fell to the British in 1763.

Samuel de Champlain

French explorer in Nova Scotia who established a settlement on the site of modern Quebec (1567-1635).

Fort Duquense

French fort built where the Allegheny and the Monogahela rivers meet to form the Ohio river.

Coureurs de Bois

French fur traders, many of mixed Amerindian heritage, who lived among and often married with Amerindian peoples of North America; "runners of the woods."

Acadians

French residents of Nova Scotia, many of whom were uprooted by the British in 1755 and scattered as far south as Louisiana, where their descendants became known as "Cajuns".

Robert de La Salle

Frenchman who followed the Mississippi River all the way to the Gulf of Mexico, claiming the region for France and naming it Louisiana in honor of King Louis XIV.

George Washington

He had led troops (rather unsuccessfully) during the French and Indian War, and had surrendered Fort Necessity to the French. He was appointed commander-in-chief of the Continental Army, and was much more successful in this second command.

Pontiac

Indian Chief; led post war flare-up in the Ohio River Valley and Great Lakes Region in 1763; his actions led to the Proclamation of 1763.

Louis XIV

King of France from 1643 to 1715; his long reign was marked by the expansion of French influence in Europe and by the magnificence of his court and the Palace of Versailles (1638-1715).

War of Jenkin's Ear

Land squabble between Britain and Spain over Georgia and trading rights. Battles took place in the Caribbean and on the Florida/Georgia border. The name comes from a British captain named Jenkin, whose ear was cut off by the Spanish.

Albany Plan of Union

Plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 that aimed to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies and the Crown.

Louisbourg

Strategic French fortress conquered by New England settlers, handed back to the French, and finally conquered again by the British in 1759; first significant British victory of the Seven Years War.

Fort Necessity

The crude stockade fort built by Washington and his men, after staging an unsuccessful attack on a nearby French fort, the French countered by trapping Washington and his soldiers in side their own fort, a third of the men died fighting.

Treaty of Paris

Treaty that ended the Seven Years War.

The Great Displacement

When the British expelled all Acadians from the previously French Canada to Louisiana.

William Pitt

William Pitt was a British leader from 1757-1758. He was a leader in the London government, and earned himself the name, "Organizer of Victory"; ended the Seven Years War.