APUSH Final:/ (Periods 1-5)
(Period 2, Passage 1) What accounts most for the scant success of the above law in modifying English colonial behavior in North America? a. Weak economic growth and the lack of external competition b. Decades of the British gov's relative indifference to colonial governance c. The presence of slaver and growing colonial wars d. The rejection of Anglicanism in the colonies
B. Decades of the British gov's relative indifferent to colonial governance
In the decades before the American Revolution, the English colonial westward movement a. Resulted in cultural blending with American Indians b. Disrupted the Existing French-Indian fur trade c. Reinforced the existing national identity of settlers d. Introduced firearms and horse to Indian tribes on the frontier
B. Disrupted the existing French-Indian fur trade
(Period 2, Passage 2) The north American colonial settlements referenced in the passage above tended to a. Be economically, religiously, and ethnically diverse b. Establish like-minded, close knit, homogenous communities c. Be dedicated to converting American Indians to Christianity d. Develop staple crop economies based on slave labor
B. Establish like-minded, close knit, homogenous communities
(Period 2, Passage 4) The authors of the excerpt above were most likely motivated by a. Resistance to imperial control b. The British gov's relative indifference to colonial governance c. The political thought of the enlightenment d. Britain's desire to maintain a viable North American empire
B. The British gov's relative indifference to colonial governance
Colonial intellectual resistance to 18th century British imperial control was often based on a. Anglican doctrine b. The enlightenment c. The great awakening d. Nativism
B. The enlightenment
(Period 3, Passage 3) The speech above best reflects which of the following continuities in United States history? a. Debates over the relationship between the executive and legislative branches b. Debates over the relationship between federal and state governments c. Debates over how to properly interpret the Constitution d. Debates over the proper role of political parties
D. Debates over the proper role of political parties
Which 15th century European country dominated the African slave trade? a. Portugal b. Holland c. England d. France
a Portugal
Which of the following turning points set the stage for the controversy depicted in the cartoon above? a. Britain's victory over France in North America b. the spread of French revolutionary ideas throughout Europe c. the signing of the Declaration of Independence d. the American Revolutionary War
a. Britain's victory over France in North America
(Period 3, Passage 2) Passage of the above legislation was most consistent with the sentiments of a. British laws passed after the end of the Seven Years' War b. Thomas Paine's Common Sense c. the Declaration of Independence d. the Articles of Confederation
a. British laws passed after the end of the Seven Years' War
(period 4, map 1) The opening of canals and new road in the US, as depicted in the map above, had the LEAST impact on which of the following? a. European immigration to the US b. westward migration of American citizens c. the market revolution d. regional economic specialization
a. European immigration to the US
Who was the famous black abolitionist who wrote an autobiography of his/her former life as a slave? a. Frederick Douglass b. Sojourner Truth c. Richard Allen d. David Walker
a. Frederick Douglass
By the mid-18 century, British colonies in North America began to develop similar a. governance, with control over the lower houses in colonial legislature b. Economic production and patterns of commerce c. Religious institutions as religious pluralism declined d. Educational institutions as literacy rates reached nearly 100% throughout the colonies
a. Governance, with control over the lower houses in colonial legislature
(Period 3, Passage 1) Which group would most likely have supported the passage above? a. Loyalists in the 1770s and 1780s b. Backcountry rebels in the 1780s and 1790s c. Whigs in the 1830s and 1840s d. Republicans in the 1850s and 1860s
b. Backcountry rebels in the 1780s and 1790s
(Period 3, Passage 1) The passage above was written in response to a. calls for a stronger central government b. British efforts to tax the colonies c. debates over the issue of slavery d. the perceived corruption of the British government
b. British efforts to tax the colonies
Which of following livestock introduced by the Spanish had the greatest impact on Great Plains Indian settlement patterns? a. cows b. horses c. pigs d. buffalo
b. horses
Which statement best describes the state of American art and literature in the early 1800s? a. it was widely respected and fashionable in Europe b. it blended European styles with regional American tastes c. it was highly original and creative and critically well received d. it was virtually nonexistent since most Americans were illiterate
b. it blended European styles with regional American tastes
The Emancipation Proclamation had which of the following effects a. it freed all the slaves in the south b. it prevented England and France from joining the conflict c. it only freed slaves in the border states d. it led the south to enlist and arm slaves in the confederate army
b. it prevented England and France from joining the conflict
Sixteenth through nineteenth century North American Indians most resisted European beliefs about a. fur trade and trapping b. land ownership c. agriculture d. family structure
b. land ownership
The belief that the US has a special mission to expand over the entire North American continent was known as a. divine providence b. manifest destiny c. nullification d. American exceptionalism
b. manifest destiny
Historians describe the colonial system of the European "mother country," regulating trade of it manufactured goods in exchange for raw material from its North American colonies, as a. capitalism b. mercantilism c. socialism d. utopianism
b. mercantilism
The expansion of national borders during the antebellum era most directly led to a. wide-scale federal funding of internal improvements b. national debates over how to use the new territories c. much greater foreign trade with Latin America and Asia d. increased European immigration to the south and west
b. national debates over how to use the new territories
Which deadly epidemic most devastated Mexican and natives and was the subject of numerous 15th and 16th century primary accounts of disease a. Measles b. Influenza c. Smallpox d. Syphillis
c. Smallpox
In which of the following areas did regional interests and perspectives have the LEAST impact on national policy? a. tariffs b. internal improvements c. national bank d. American Indian policy
d. American Indian policy
Which European country had the least significant presence in the Western Hemisphere during the 15th and 16th centuries? a. France b. Holland c. Portugal d. England
d. England
Which of the following refers to the southern culture of segregation that existed for almost a century after the civil war? a. Dixiecrat populism b. the solid south c. Uncle Tom d. Jim Crow
d. Jim Crow
In the early 19th century, the United States used tariffs to solve some of the problems of Atlantic trade, resulting in a. Regional interests continuing to trump national concerns b. A unifying a new national culture c. A limiting of the American system d. The continued growth of cotton production
A. Regional interesting continuing to trump national concerns
(Period 2, Passage 4) The excerpt above is indicative of which of the following a. The colonists having grown accustomed to a large measure of autonomy b. An ideology critical of perceived corruption in the imperial system c. The colonial production of commodities that were valued in Europe d. Growing mistrust on both sides of the Atlantic
A. The colonists having grown accustomed to a large measure of autonomy
(Period 2, Passage 3) The ideas expressed in the passage above most clearly show the influence of which of the following a. Resistance to imperial control in the British colonies b. The British gov's indifferent to colonial governance c. Greater religious independence in the colonies d. A strong belief in British colonial superiority
C. Greater religious independence in the colonies
(Period 3, passage 3) US foreign policy during which of the following time period was most closely aligned with the ideas expressed in the speech above? a. Expansionism prior to the civil war b. Imperialism prior to the Spanish-American war c. Neutrality prior to World War I d. Containment prior to the Korean War
C. Neutrality prior to World War I
(Period 2, Picture 1) Which of the following best describes the role of Britain's more northern colonies in the global trade as illustrated in the map above? a. They took advantage of a long growing seasons by using slave labor to grow staple crops b. They relied solely on the cultivation of tobacco c. They had an export economy based on food products and raw materials d. They primarily exported furs and manufactured goods
C. They had an export economy based on food products and raw materials
(Period 3, maps) The maps above are best seen as evidence of the a. Expansion of voting rights to greater numbers of white men b. Continued influx of immigrants to the United States c. Bitter nature of partisan politics in the 1790s d. Regional basis of early American political parties
D. Regional basis of early American political parties
(Period 2, Passage 4) The excerpt above is best understood in the context of the a. Increasing economic exchanges within the "Atlantic world" b. Anglicization of the British colonies c. Resistance to imperial control in the British colonies d. Spread of european conflicts to North America
D. Spread of European conflicts to North America
(Period 2, Passage 3) The ideas expressed in the passage above most directly led to political controversies over a. Britain's indifference to colonial governance b. Britain's efforts to pursue mercantilist economic aims c. The presence of slavery in the colonies d. The spread of European enlightenment ideas
D. The spread of European enlightenment ideas
(Period 2, Passage 2) What was the impact of the "miraculous plague" mentioned in the excerpt above? a. It stimulated cultural and demographic change b. It led to European accommodation with some aspects of American Indian culture c. It increased British colonists' acceptance of intermarriage with native people d. It collapsed the fur trade and lessened access to trade goods
a. It stimulated cultural and demographic change
Which of the following Supreme Court cases is correctly identified? a. Marbury vs. Madison--established the principle of judicial review b. McColluch vs. Maryland--upheld the sanctity of private contracts c. Worcester vs. Georgia--ruled that states cannot tax the federal government d. Dartmouth vs. Woodward--established tribal autonomy on Indian lands
a. Marbury vs. Madison--established the principle of judicial review
(Period 2, Passage 1) Which of the following had the most impact in shaping colonial resistance to the above law? a. Political thought shaped by the enlightenment b. Conflicts with American Indian groups c. The growth of the African slave trade d. Colonial dedication to mercantilist principles
a. Political thought shaped by the enlightenment
In the 1790s, the United States successfully negotiated free navigation of the Mississippi River with a. Spain b. France c. England d. the Barbary pirates
a. Spain
(Period 3, maps) The process illustrated in the maps above most closely paralleled a. The nations' transformation to a more participatory democracy in the early and mid-1800s b. The rise of political machines and the growing unequal distribution of political power in the late 1800s c. The challenges faced by the United States as it transitioned from a rural, agricultural society to an urban, industrial one in the early 1900s d. The political and moral debates over demographic and social issues in the 1950s and 1960s
a. The nations' transformation to a more participatory democracy in the early and mid-1800s
(period 5, cartoon 1) The sentiments such as those depicted in the cartoon about most directly contributed to which of the following? a. breakdown in trust between sectional leaders b. the willingness of abolitionist to use violence to achieve their goals c. repeated attempts at political compromise d. the secession of southern states
a. breakdown in trust between sectional leaders
The growth and profitability of Southern cotton did all of the following EXCEPT a. catapult the wealth of the average Southern white above most Northerners b. provide the raw material for manufacturing in New England c. accelerate the internal movement of saves from the Southeast to the Southwest d. promote national and international economic ties
a. catapult the wealth of the average Southern white above most Northerners
The increase of slavery in the new Southwest during the Antebellum era a. created new tensions over the spread of slavery b. was formal opposed by both political parties c. led to the resumption of importing slaves from Africa d. decreased the market value of cotton and slaves in the East
a. created new tensions over the spread of slavery
(period 4, passage 3) The sentiments expressed in the excerpt above most closely parallel those expressed in the political debates a. during the first national administrations in the 1790s b. between imperialists and anti-imperialists in the early 1900s c. over the cultural conflicts of the 1920s d. surrounding World War I and World War II
a. during the first national administrations in the 1790s
(Period 4, Passage 2) Which of the following groups would most likely have supported the arguments in the excerpt above? a. federalist in the 1790s b. democratic-republicans in the early 1800s c. Jacksonian democrats in 1830s and 1840s d. states' rights advocates in the 1850s
a. federalist in the 1790s
(period 4, passage 4) The sentiments expressed by Polk in the speech above were most similar to those of a. imperialists before the Spanish-American war b. president Wilson before world war I c. Americans during world war II d. supporters of containment during the Cold War
a. imperialists before the Spanish-American war
The Indian Removal Act of 1830 a. led to the infamous Trail of Tears b. was upheld in Cherokee vs. Georgia c. paid Indian tribes market rates for their confiscated lands d. was passed over in President Jackson's angry veto
a. led to the infamous Trail of Tears
Opposition to the proposed American system of internal improvements was a result of a. regional interests overriding national concerns b. fears that improved transportation would lead to more western migration c. large federal budget deficits undermining the needed funding d. Supreme Court decisions questioning its Constitutionality
a. regional interests overriding national concerns
Which of the following was NOT a provision of Hamilton's financial plan? a. taxing the states to pay off the war debt b. paying the full amount owed on confederation bonds c. placing an excise tax on whiskey d. creating a national bank
a. taxing the states to pay off the war debt
Antebellum era reform movements such as abolitionism, temperance, and women's rights had their origins in all of the following EXCEPT a. the Monroe Doctrine b. the Second Great Awakening c. beliefs in human perfectibility d. liberal European social ideas
a. the Monroe Doctrine
Which of the following correctly characterizes the War of 1812? a. the US was able to reassert sovereignty over its existing western lands and remove Britain's military presence b. broad popular support for the war effort temporarily eased sectional divisions over slavery and economic policy c. the US won a decisive victory against the British and gained valuable new land on the frontier as a result d. federalist support for the war reinvigorated the part and allowed it to thrive for another 20 years
a. the US was able to reassert sovereignty over its existing western lands and remove Britain's military presence
(period 4, passage 1) Which of the following events of processes in the 1840s or 1850s most directly contributed to the "irritations" that Jefferson warned about in the letter above? a. the acquisition of new territory in the west and the US victory in the Mexican-American war b. the growth of violent nativist movements aimed at limiting immigrants' influence and power c. the movement of African Americans and Asians to the west d. the increased settlement in areas forcibly taken from American Indians
a. the acquisition of new territory in the west and the US victory in the Mexican-American war
The most economically profitable commerce between European colonies in North American and native populations between the 16th and 18th centuries was based on a. the fur trade b. the slave trade c. the mining of precious metals d. commercial fishing
a. the fur trade
Which region of the British North American colonies, nicknamed the "bread colonies," was the most ethnically, religiously, and demographically diverse? a. the middle colonies b. the New England colonies c. the Chesapeake colonies d. the southernmost Atlantic colonies
a. the middle colonies
Over the centuries, the most effective means of "civilizing" natives to Spanish culture was a. the mission system b. the encomienda system c. military occupation d. the distribution of mineral wealth
a. the mission system
The Republican Party campaign platform of 1860 called for a. the restriction of slavery from the territories b. restoration of the old 36 30 free state-slave state boundary line from the Missouri compromise c. the immediate abolition of slavery d. the use of popular sovereignty to determine the fate of slavery on the frontier
a. the restriction of slavery from the territories
(Period 1, Figure 1) The process illustrated in the map above a. triggered extensive demographic and social change b. ended American Indian resistance c. changed American Indian beliefs on the environment d. led to the development of a hunter-gatherer economy
a. triggered extensive demographic and social change
(Period 1, Figure 2) The Spanish and other European powers frequently justified the approach depicted in the image above on the basis of a. white superiority b technological demands c. academic evidence from Enlightenment scholars d. poverty in African nations
a. white superiority
(Period 3, passage 3) Which of the following most directly prompted the arguments in the speech above? a. The French withdrawal from North America and renewed Indian attacks b. Disagreements over the French Revolution and foreign policy c. Internal unrest and backcountry rebellions against federal taxation d. Debates over calls to abolish slavery and expand democracy
b. Disagreements over the French Revolution and foreign policy
(Period 2, Picture 1) in the 17th and early 18th century's, Britain's greatest challenge in controlling the north American Atlantic trade illustrated above was a. The growth of regional distinctiveness b. External competition c. Repeated colonial wars d. Widespread corruption in the imperial system
b. External competition
Fifteenth and sixteenth century Spanish exploration and conquest created a radically mixed culture known as a. mulatto b. mestizo c. Chicano d. Latino
b. Mestizo
The Proclamation of 1763 prohibiting colonial migration west of the Appalachian Mountains resulted from all of the following EXCEPT a. ongoing Indian uprisings such as Pontiac's rebellion b. Parliament's decision to punish the colonies for their refusal to pay taxes c. British weariness to engage in further military conflicts d. British determination to reduce expenditures after the seven years war
b. Parliament's decision to punish the colonies for their refusal to pay taxes
The maize culture of the Southwest was most similar to the pre-Columbian culture of the _______? a. Cahokia b. Pueblo c. Alogonquian d. Creek
b. Pueblo
Which person or group most strongly advocated sending enslaved blacks to Africa as an answer to the problem of slavery? a. Frederick Douglass b. The American Colonization Society c. William Lloyd Garrison d. the Free-Soil Party
b. The American Colonization Society
(period 5, passage 1) The excerpt quoted above would be most helpful to historians analyzing the a. attempts of the federal government to assert authority over the states b. US government interaction and conflict with American Indians c. limited cultural influence of American Indians d. increased settlement in areas forcibly taken from American Indians
b. US government interaction and conflict with American Indians
Which British North American Colony violently confronted the Powhatan Indians and justified their actions by their strong belief in their racial and cultural superiority? a. Massachusetts Bay b. Virginia c. Rhode Island d. Pennsylvania
b. Virginia
(Period 3, Passage 2) The concerns that sparked the legislation above were most similar to concerns during which of the following wars? a. The Spanish-American War b. World War I c. World War II d. The Vietnam War
b. World War I
Thomas Paine's "Common Sense" was a. written in response to the Declaration of Independence b. a widely read criticism of continued British rule of the colonies c. directly responsible for King George III formally declaring the colonies in rebellion d. seen as too radical by many of the founding fathers
b. a widely read criticism of continued British rule of the colonies
The ultimate consequence of the sharecropping system for the south was a. economic independence from the north b. an increase in poverty for both blacks and whites c. an awareness of the need for wise stewardship of the region's environment d. a gradual increase in the region's overall crop yield and productivity
b. an increase in poverty for both blacks and whites
The Wilmot Proviso a. encourages slavery's expansion westward b. called for American annexation of lands conquered from Mexico as free territory c. successfully postponed the outbreak of the civil war for 10 years d. proclaimed that western territories would be open to slavery if their citizens voted to allow it
b. called for American annexation of lands conquered from Mexico as free territory
In terms of politics, the 1850s were noteworthy because they witnessed the a. decline in power of the free-soil movement b. dissolution of national political parties over sectional concerns c. south gradually extend its control over both the presidency and congress d. Supreme Court distance itself from the slavery issue
b. dissolution of national political parties over sectional concerns
Which system employed by the Spanish advanced the goals of both converting American Indians to Christianity and exploring their labor? a. socialism b. encomienda c. mercantilism d. capitalism
b. encomienda
(period 4, passage 1) The letter above was most likely written in response to a. the purchase of the Louisiana territory from France b. passage of the Missouri Compromise c. efforts to promote the American system d. governmental attempts to force the removal of American Indians
b. passage of the Missouri Compromise
Before the arrival of Europeans, Great Basin and Western Plains Indians a. developed larger permanent communities b. responded to a lack of resources by developing mobile lifestyles c. became dependent on agriculture and maize cultivation d. created strong trade networks among North American tribes
b. responded to a lack of resources by developing mobile lifestyles
The Northwest ordinance of 1787, considered by many to be the greatest success of the Articles of Confederation Congress apart from the Declaration of Independence, did all of the following EXCEPT a. resolve the western land claims of the original 13 states and create a process for territories to eventual gain statehood b. set aside large reservations for Indian tribes in the area, guaranteeing generation of mostly peaceful relations with American Indians c. prohibit slavery North of the Ohio River between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River d. require the careful surveying of land to avoid property disputes and require that all larger townships set aside land for a public school
b. set aside large reservations for Indian tribes in the area, guaranteeing generation of mostly peaceful relations with American Indians
After ratification, constitutional compromises remained the most controversial in which area? a. separation of powers b. slavery c. congressional representation d. taxation
b. slavery
The American or "know-nothing" party of the 1850s a. gave birth to the free soil movement b. sought to limit the rights of immigrants c. gained support as the result of fierce opposition the the compromise of 1850 on the western frontier d. sought to challenge British domination of the Canadian northwest
b. sought to limit the rights of immigrants
(period 4, map 1) As shown in the map above, the national system of roads and canals most closely linked which regions' economies together? a. the North and the South b. the East and the Midwest c. the Midwest and the South d. the North, Midwest, and South equally
b. the East and the Midwest
Which of the following movements, glorifying women's role as homemakers, resulted in part from the increasing separation between home and the workplace brought on by industrialization? a. Republican motherhood b. the cult of domesticity c. the Gibson girls d. bloomerism
b. the cult of domesticity
(period 5, passage 2) The sentiments expressed in the excerpt above were most directly a result of which of the following? a. the end of the second party system b. the election of Lincoln in 1860 c. the secession of the southern states from the Union d. the highly visible campaign of abolitionists against slavery
b. the election of Lincoln in 1860
The most divisive issue in regards to western expansion during the antebellum era was a. the removal of Indians b. the extension of slavery c. free homesteads for settlers d. property qualifications for voting
b. the extension of slavery
(period 4, map 2) The maps above most clearly demonstrate which of the following antebellum-era historical processes? a. the acceleration of a national and international market economy b. the free and forced migration of people across the continent c. the rise of abolitionist and other voluntary reform organizations d. the attempts of the US to dominate the North American continent
b. the free and forced migration of people across the continent
What became the most controversial element of the compromise of 1850? a. the admission of California as a free state b. the fugitive slave act c. the banning of the slave trade in Washington, D.C. d. the potential opening up of Utah and New Mexico territories to slavery
b. the fugitive slave act
Southern critics of slavery most often asserted that a. slavery was immoral b. the plantation economy made the south a colony of the north c. mass insurrection by slave populations was only a matter of time d. global demand for cotton was so great that the southern economy would remain profitable with white wageworkers in the fields
b. the plantation economy made the south a colony of the north
(Period 4, Passage 2) Which of the following did NOT result from the Supreme Court ruling above or similar rulings by the Supreme Court in the early 1800s? a. the recognition of federal power over state laws b. the promotion of regional interests over national concerns c the assertion of the primacy of the judiciary d. the court determining the meaning of the constitution
b. the promotion of regional interests over national concerns
Which of the following developments LEAST strengthened the increasing economic linkage of the North and Midwest during the antebellum era? a. the growth of canals and railroads b. the spread of plantation agriculture c. the federal attempts to create a national economy d. the shift to market production
b. the spread of plantation agriculture
(period 5, passage 2) The ideas expressed in the passage above most clearly show the influence of which of the following? a. the principles of federalism and separation of powers b. the use of states' rights for the defense of slavery c. resistance to initiatives for democracy and inclusion d. public debates about how to set national goals and priorities
b. the use of states' rights for the defense of slavery
During the 17th century, which of the following was the primary cash crop of the Chesapeake colonies? a. Rice b. Tobacco c. Cotton d. Sugarcane
b. tobacco
During the 1790s, disagreements in which area were LEAST responsible for the emergence of political parties? a. Economics b. Politics c. Slavery d. Foreign policy
c. Slavery
(period 5, cartoon 1) The cartoon above is best understood in the context of a. North's increasing reliance on a free-labor manufacturing company b. variety of proposals leaders made that ultimately failed to reduce sectional conflict c. willingness of abolitionists to use violence to achieve their goals d. weakening of loyalties to the two major parties
b. variety of proposals leaders made that ultimately failed to reduce sectional conflict
Which of the following treaties is correctly matched with its description? a. Jay's Treaty--ended the War of 1812 b. Treaty of Ghent--settled boundary disputes with Canada c. Adams-Onis Treaty--acquired Florida from Spain d. Webster-Ashburton Treaty--ended the Quasi war with France
c. Adams-Onis Treaty--acquired Florida from Spain
After the seven years war, Britain shifted its position on imperial regulations to a. Promote greater colonial migration to the west b. Find ways to safeguard its borders and maintain neutral trading rights c. Alleviate it's massive debt from the war d. End trading, commerce, and negotiations with American Indians
c. Alleviate its massive debt from the war
The encomienda system primarily relied on labor from a. African slaves b. Spanish indentured servants c. American Indians d. women
c. American Indians
Which 18th century European nation's settlers most categorically rejected North American Indian culture and world views? a. Spain b. Portugal c. England d. France
c. England
During the 1840s and 1850s, which set of immigrant groups arrived in unprecedented numbers, resulting in a nativist backlash in popular culture? a. Scots-Irish and Welsh b. Dutch and French c. Irish and Germans d. Italians and Greeks
c. Irish and Germans
Which colony in the mid-17th century passed legislation protecting the rights of Catholic colonists to worship freely? a. New York b. Massachusetts Bay c. Maryland d. Virginia
c. Maryland
(Period 2, Passage 2) Which European approach to colonization is most consistent with the arguments in the excerpt above? a. Using trade alliances and intermarriage with American Indians to acquire products for export to Europe b. Establishing tight control over the colonization process to convert and/or exploit the native populations c. Sending men and women to acquire land and populate settlements while having relatively hostile relationships with the native inhabitants d. Integrating a coherent hierarchal imperial structure and pursing economic aims
c. Sending men and women to acquire land and populate settlements while having relatively hostile relationships with the native inhabitants
Which of the following exposed the inability of the federal government under the Articles of Confederation to put down civil unrest and prompted calls for anew, stronger central government? a. The Stono Rebellion b. The Whiskey Rebellion c. Shays' Rebellion d. The Regulator uprisings
c. Shays' Rebellion
(Period 3, Passage 2) Which of the following continuities in United States history is best demonstrated by the excerpt above? a. The debate over voting rights and citizenship b. The debate between federal and states' rights c. The debate over the balance of liberty and order d. The debate between executive and legislative power
c. The debate over the balance of liberty and order
(Period 2, Passage 3) The passage above was most likely written in response to a. The growth of autonomous political communities based on English models b. Protestant evangelism in North America c. The ethnic and religious diversity of the middle colonies d. The expanding social networks of the Atlantic world
c. The ethnic and religious diversity of the middle colonies
(Period 3, Passage 2) The excerpt above best serves as evidence of the a. influence of Enlightenment ideals b. difficulty of creating a multiethnic American identity c. bitter political debates of 1790s d. challenges faced by traditional imperial systems
c. bitter political debates of 1790s
Since the 15th and 16th centuries, what has been the most enduring legacy from Spanish conquest and exploration of the Americas? a. increased wealth for Spain b. promotion of a large empire c. converts to Christianity d. greater standing in the world
c. converts to Christianity
(period 4, passage 4) The excerpt above can best be seen as an example of the US seeking dominance over the North American continent through a. military actions b. judicial actions c. diplomatic efforts d. the expansion of slavery
c. diplomatic efforts
The majority of Irish immigrants to the United States in the 1840s and 1850s settled in a. along the Great Lakes region b. on farms in the Midwest c. in cities along the east coasts d. on homesteads on the frontier
c. in cities along the east coasts
Which of the following was an outcome of the American Revolution? a. it generated a new spirit of equality, dramatically improving relations with Indian tribes b. it halted the westward movement of settlers for a generation c. it inspired a number of other independence movements d. it was widely condemned overseas for protecting the interests of colonial elites
c. it inspired a number of other independence movements
Which of the following statements best describes the Lowell system? a. It revolutionized the production of steel in the United States b. It was so successful that it was eventually adopted throughout the United States and England c. it involved using mill girls from rural areas to work in textile factories d. it relied exclusively on cheap immigrant labor to undercut competitors
c. it involved using mill girls from rural areas to work in textile factories
Which of the following was NOT true about the 1820 Missouri Compromise? a. it allowed Maine to enter the Union as a free state and Missouri to enter as a slave state b. it barred slavery north of the 36 30 line in future states from the Louisiana Purchase territory c. it successfully kept the issue of slavery from becoming a national debate until just a few years before the Civil War d. it temporarily settled the issue of slavery but was eventual weakened and ultimately overturned
c. it successfully kept the issue of slavery from becoming a national debate until just a few years before the Civil War
Which of the following best describes the Monroe Doctrine? a. it was a treaty with England in which Britain promised to confine all of their future colonization to the Eastern hemisphere b. it was an attempt to relocate American Indian tribes on the Great Plains to reservations and begin the process of cultural assimilation c. it was an American pronouncement to European countries not to interfere with independent nations in the western hemisphere d. it was an economic policy by President Monroe to revive the American economy by lowering tariffs and promoting manufacturing
c. it was an American pronouncement to European countries not to interfere with independent nations in the western hemisphere
(period 5, cartoon 1) Which group was most likely the intended audience of the cartoon above? a. white American in the south b. state governments in the north c. members of the Republican Party d. voluntary organizations promoting religious and secular reforms
c. members of the Republican Party
The theory that individual states do not necessarily have to carry out any federal laws with which they disagree is known as a. popular sovereignty b. federalism c. nullification d. the reserved powers clause of the Constitution
c. nullification
In Plessy vs Ferguson, the US Supreme Court ruled that a. state use of poll taxes and literacy tests as voting requirements was permissible b. the Freedmen's Bureau had no legal right to redistribute land to ex-slaves c. separate but equal public facilities for black and white were legal d. the grandfather clause was legal
c. separate but equal public facilities for black and white were legal
(Period 1, Figure 1) Which of the following Spanish imperial goals were least advanced by the conquest and exploration illustrated above? a. enlarging the Spanish empire b. gaining new sources of wealth c. shifting from feudalism to capitalism d. converting natives to Christianity
c. shifting from feudalism to capitalism
The Democratic Republicans favored a. protective tariffs b. closer relations with England c. states' rights d. a national bank
c. states' rights
At the outset of the war, which of the following was the greatest advantage possessed by the Confederacy? a. powerful foreign allies b. access to natural resources c. superior military leadership d. its influence in the border states
c. superior military leadership
The Atlantic slave trade grew dramatically in the 18th century because of a. a surplus of indentured servants b. limited demand for colonial goods c. the difficulty of effectively enslaving native peoples d. special funding from European nations to subsidize slavery
c. the difficulty of effectively enslaving native peoples
(period 5, passage 1) The excerpt above best serves as evidence of which of the following? a. the rise of a major, often violent nativist movement in the US b. the new economic opportunities south by Asian, African American, and white peoples in the West c. the increasing conflict between the US gov and American Indians as the country expanded territorially d. the efforts of the US gov to end American Indian tribal identities through assimilation
c. the increasing conflict between the US gov and American Indians as the country expanded territorially
In the 19th century, southerners used all of the following arguments to justify slavery EXCEPT a. slavery was in the Bible b. slavery provided a civilizing influence for the slave c. the international slave trade was highly profitable for all regions of the country d. keeping slaves was fully constitutional and thus perfectly legal
c. the international slave trade was highly profitable for all regions of the country
(Period 3, Passage 1) Which of the following historical developments most directly precipitated the conditions leading to the argument of the passage above? a. the growth of the Atlantic economy during the 18th century b. the spread of French revolutionary ideas throughout Europe c. the large British debt incurred from the Seven Years' War d. the indifference of the British gov to colonial governance
c. the large British debt incurred from the Seven Years' War
(period 4, map 2) What contributed most to the process illustrated in the map above? a. the Missouri compromise of 1820 b. the outlawing of the international slave trade c. the over cultivation of arable land in the southeast d. the rise in number if free African Americans in the south
c. the over cultivation of arable land in the southeast
(Period 4, Passage 2) The ideas expressed in the excerpt above can best be understood in the context of debates over a. the authority of different branches of the federal government b. the scope of the federal government's role in the economy c. the relationship between the federal gov and state govs d. how to match democratic political ideals to political institutions
c. the relationship between the federal gov and state govs
(period 4, map 1) The expansion of the US transportation network by 1837, as shown in the map above benefitted MOST from which of the following technological advances a. interchangeable parts b. textile machinery c. the steam engine d. the telegraph
c. the steam engine
17th and 18th century French and Dutch colonial relationships with American Indians were based primarily on a. the mining and refining of precious materials b. the production of cash crops under plantation agriculture c. trade alliances centering on the fur trade d. extreme hostility which prevented meaningful trade of commerce
c. trade alliances centering on the fur trade
(Period 2, Passage 2) The author of the excerpt above was most interested in a. Participating in the fur trade with the native communities b. Generating great wealth for the king in England c. Converting American Indians to Christianity d. Justifying the takeover of American Indian lands
d. Justifying the takeover of American Indian lands
(Period 2, Passage 1) The policies stated in the above law can best be seen as an example of a. Enlightenment thinking b. Capitalism c. Communism d. Mercantilism
d. Mercantilism
Which of the following is NOT correctly identified? a. The Quebec Act--granted freedom of worship to Catholics in Quebec b. the Townshend Acts--placed an "external" tax on tea, glass, and paper c. The Quartering Act--required colonial legislatures to house and feed British soldiers d. The Declaratory Act--reasserted the supremacy of the British King over the colonies
d. The Declaratory Act--reasserted the supremacy of the British King over the colonies
Which of the following early American political parties most vocal championed the "common man," welcomed immigrants, and benefitted from the expansion of voting rights to most white males? a. The Federalists b. The democratic-republicans c. The whigs d. The democrats
d. The democrats
Which 18th century religious movement in the British colonies most clearly signified growing religious independence, diversity, and uniqueness? a. Puritanism b. Deism c. The enlightenment d. The great awakening
d. The great awakening
(period 5, passage 1) The excerpt above is best understood in the context of a. a broad debate in the 1850s and 1860s over national goals, priorities, and strategies b. public debates about whether to expand and how to define and use new territories c. the desire for access to western resources d. a sense of American cultural and racial superiority
d. a sense of American cultural and racial superiority
(Period 1, Passage 1) The sentiments expressed by Columbus in the excerpt above best support which future Spanish goal? a. shifting the Spanish economy from feudalism to capitalism b. organizing new methods for conducting international trade c. implementing a plantation-based agricultural system d. attempting to change American Indians' beliefs and world views
d. attempting to change American Indians' beliefs and world views
(Period 1, Passage 1) In the passage above, Columbus likely mentioned the American Indians' interest in glass beads and weapons a. to demonstrate the social diversification among societies in these areas b. as an example of their largely mobile and nomadic lifestyles c. to prove the cultural inferiority of racially mixed populations d. because it exemplified the very different worldview of American Indians
d. because it exemplified the very different worldview of American Indians
(Period 1, Figure 2) What was the most effective long-term response of African slaves to the treatment depicted in the image above? a. sustained revolts and violence against European culture and social structure b. the creation of alliances with native communities to resist colonization and slavery c. enculturation and subordination to European culture d. cultural and linguistic adaptations to achieve a degree of cultural preservation and autonomy
d. cultural and linguistic adaptations to achieve a degree of cultural preservation and autonomy
(period 4, passage 1) The concerns expressed in the letter above can be best understood in the context of a. federal efforts to control American Indian populations b. competing ideas about geographical boundaries c. concerns over the rights and responsibilities of individual citizens d. debates over the extension of slavery into the western territories
d. debates over the extension of slavery into the western territories
Which of the following was NOT an example of Manifest Destiny? a. the annexation of Texas b. attempts to purchase California c. negotiations over the Oregon border d. demilitarizing the Great Lakes
d. demilitarizing the Great Lakes
The XYZ Affair, Sedition Act, and Convention of 1800 a. reinforced American isolationism and non-involvement in European affairs b. convinced Jeffersonians that the Federalists were eager for war with France c. led to debates over how to interpret the Constitution and balance power among the three branches of the federal government d. demonstrated the challenges America faced as a result of the French Revolution and the spread of its ideals
d. demonstrated the challenges America faced as a result of the French Revolution and the spread of its ideals
One impact of them widespread cultivation of cotton and other cash crops in the South was the a. creation of a more economically and socially egalitarian society in the South b. increasing economic isolation of the South from the rest of the country c. rapid growth of textile mills and other manufacturing throughout the South d. increased political power the South was able to yield in Congress
d. increased political power the South was able to yield in Congress
(Period 1, Passage 1) After Columbus' arrival in the West Indies, Spanish religion and Christian conversion were often used as rationale to a. racially mix populations b. trigger extensive demographic change c. transform the diverse environment d. justify the subjugation of American Indians
d. justify the subjugation of American Indians
(period 4, passage 3) The excerpt above best exemplifies which of the following historical developments or processes in the first half of American history? a. the support or resistance of various American groups or individuals to the expansion of territory b. the reemergence of a two-party political system as various constituencies and interest groups coalesced and defined their agendas c. the assertion of southern regional pride in slavery and the insistence of many white in the south that the federal government defend slavery d. resistance from state governments in the north and south at different times to federal attempts to assert authority over them
d. resistance from state governments in the north and south at different times to federal attempts to assert authority over them
Which of the following was NOT a cause of increased American settlement of the west after the civil war? a. the construction of a transcontinental railroad b. passage of the homestead act c. the deployment of the army in the region d. sharp increases in urban food prices
d. sharp increases in urban food prices
(Period 3, Image 1) The image above can best be seen as depicting a. the support of colonial independence by European allies b. loyalist opposition to colonial independence movements c. the dangerous influence of the French Revolution d. the British gov constraining colonial rights
d. the British gov constraining colonial rights
Which of the following groups of colonial settlers largely avoided intermarriage or cross-racial sexual unions with native populations? a. The Spanish b the French c. the Dutch d. the English
d. the English
Which of the following connected the Great Lakes to the east coast and fueled the economic rise of NYC? a. the transcontinental railroad b. the national road c. the Cumberland gap d. the Erie Canal
d. the Erie Canal
(Period 1, Figure 1) The map above indicates the encomienda system was least developed in which of the following areas? a. California b. Mexico c. the Caribbean d. the Southwest
d. the Southwest
The American Independence movement was least fueled by a. the impact of revivals and evangelical ideas b. enlightenment and political thought c. colonial economic concerns d. the fear of attack from other European powers
d. the fear of attack from other European powers
(Period 4, Passage 2) The ideology of the Supreme Court as characterized in the ruling above was most similar to Supreme Court ruling in which of the following time periods? a. the late 1850s b. the late 1800s c. the early 1930s d. the late 1960s
d. the late 1960s
The most devastating impact of the Spanish conquest and exploration was a. American Indian resistance and conflict b. the subjugation of American Indians c. the forced conversion of natives to Christianity d. the spread of deadly epidemics
d. the spread of deadly impacts
(Period 3, Passage 2) The legislation above was passed in response to which of the following challenges? a. the constant fear of Indian attacks along the border b. the limitations of the Articles of Confederation c. the potential for loyalist criticism and sabotage d. the threat posed by foreign alliances and entanglements
d. the threat posed by foreign alliances and entanglements
All of the following contributed to the ratification of the Constitution EXCEPT a. Federalist promises to quickly amend the Constitution with a Bill of Rights b. popular frustration over economic difficulties and the limitations of the Articles of Confederation c. lowering the required number of states needed to ratify the Constitution to nine d. the unanimous support of all the major patriot leaders and founding fathers
d. the unanimous support of all the major patriot leaders and founding fathers
President Andrew Johnson was impeached as a result of his a. veto of the Civil Rights Bill of 1866 b. refusal to pardon former Confederate leaders and members of the planter class c. inability to control the rampant corruption in the federal government d. violation of the Tenure of Office Act
d. violation of the Tenure of Office Act
