APUSH Final Review
Which of the following describes the first Continental Congress of 1774? A. Patriot leaders convened the group in response to the imposition of the Coercive Acts. B. The group united representatives from all of the British colonies in north america. C. It reviewed and accepted Joseph Galloway's plan of union. D. Delegates drafted and passed a conciliatory declaration of rights and grievances.
A. Patriot leaders convened the group in response to the imposition of the Coercive Acts.
Which of these actions gave the United States the right to intervene in Cuba if its independence was threatened? A. Platt Amendment B. Teller Amendment C. Hay-Pauncefote Treaty D. Root-Takahira Agreement
A. Platt Admendment
Horace Mann and Catharine Beecher were both actively involved in which of the following movements in the 1840s? A. Prison reform B. Educational reform C. Temperance D. Abolition
B. Educational reform
Why did British and American diplomats take nearly two years to conclude a peace treaty after the British surrendered at Yorktown? A. American negotiators sought delays so that state governments could coordinate their demands. B. France and Spain stalled, hoping for some major naval victory or territorial conquest before the official peace. C. Members of Parliament could not reach agreement on the concessions that they were willing to make. D. The lengthy periods necessary for transatlantic travel and communications required a long process.
B. France and Spain stalled, hoping for some major naval victory or territorial conquest before the official peace.
The transatlantic slave trade resulted in which of the following outcomes in the eighteenth century? A. Humanitarian appeals from the virginia legislature B. The emergence of polygamous marriage in many african societies C. Rising wealth for southern planters at the expense of new england's populace D. The need to expand public education in the northern and middle colonies
B. The emergence of polygamous marriage in many african societies
Which of the following statements describes the religious controversy that emerged from the great awakening during the 1740s and 1750s? A. The old lights in massachusetts and connecticut called for a resurgence of emotion-based religious practices. B. The old lights prohibited traveling preachers from speaking to a congregation without its minister's permission. C. The new lights condemned the old light practice of allowing women to speak in churches. D. The new lights condemned "crying out, fainting, and convulsions" as a medieval practice akin to superstition.
B. The old lights prohibited traveling preachers from speaking to a congregation without its minister's permission.
Which pair of battles marked the turning point in the Civil War? A. First and Second Bull Run B. Vicksburg and Gettysburg C. Fredericksburg and the Battle of the Wilderness D. Chancellorsville and the Battle of Spotsylvania Courthouse
B. Vicksburg and Gettysburg
Who was the nation's first Secretary of the Treasury and founder of the Bank of the U.S.? A. John Adams B. Thomas Jefferson C. Alexander Hamilton D. Aaron Burr
C. Alexander Hamilton
Who was the nation's first vice president and second president? A. Thomas Jefferson B. George Washington C. John Adams D. Alexander Hamilton
C. John Adams
Which of the following describes the residents of the Brook Farm community of the 1840s? A. Brook Farm's residents pioneered the use of advanced farming techniques. B. They practiced nineteenth-century versions of free love and communism. C. They wanted to combine farming with study and a lively intellectual life. D. Brook Farm's residents consisted mostly of families and single women.
C. They wanted to combine farming with study and a lively intellectual life.
Which of the following describes Jefferson's approach to the opportunity to purchase Louisiana in 1802? A. In keeping with his strict constructionist view of the Constitution, Jefferson jumped on the opportunity. B. Jefferson delayed so that he could obtain a constitutional amendment allowing presidential land purchases. C. Unsure of the extent of his presidential powers, Jefferson procrastinated until Congress forced him to act. D. The opportunity led Jefferson to revise his view of the presidential powers granted by the Constitution.
D. The opportunity led Jefferson to revise his view of the presidential powers granted by the Constitution.
Thomas Jefferson: Federalist or Democratic-Republican?
Democratic-Republican
Did Federalists or Democratic-Republicans believe that agriculture was the future of the American economy?
Democratic-Republicans
Did the Federalists or Democratic-Republicans believed politics should be ruled by the informed masses?
Democratic-Republicans
Which of the following statements describes life in the Chesapeake region after 1660? A. Many yeoman farmers prospered because their tobacco profits enabled them to acquire more land. B. A wealthy, planter-merchant elite dominated the Chesapeake economy and owned almost half the land in Virginia. C. Newly freed indentured servants were able to acquire land more easily than they could before this time. D. The lines separating the social classes blurred because wealth was more evenly distributed.
B. A wealthy, planter-merchant elite dominated the Chesapeake economy and owned almost half the land in Virginia.
Which British law prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains? A. Proclamation of 1761 B. Proclamation of 1763 C. Proclamation of 1765 D. Proclamation of 1767
B. Proclamation of 1763
What did the Wilmot Proviso, introduced in Congress in 1846, propose to do? A. Permit slavery in any new state or territory where the voters wished to allow it B. Prohibit slavery in any territory the United States acquired from Mexico C. Protect existing slavery in the South and legislate its end by 1900 D. Prohibit slavery in any new territory acquired by the United States
B. Prohibit slavery in any territory the United States acquired from Mexico
Which rebellion convinced many Americans of the need for a stronger central government? A. Stono Rebellion B. Shays' Rebellion C. Pontiac's Rebellion D. Whiskey Rebellion
B. Shays' Rebellion
Which of the following statements describes the American invasion of Mexico in 1846? A. American forces quickly conquered most of central and northern Mexico. B. The Americans captured Matamoros, Monterrey, Tampico, and most of northeastern Mexico. C. Mexican troops routed the Americans at the Battle of Monterrey and forced their retreat. D. Mexico held the line against American land forces, but U.S. naval forces had quick success.
B. The Americans captured Matamoros, Monterrey, Tampico, and most of northeastern Mexico.
Which of the following statements characterizes the operations of the Bank of the United States in the twenty years after its 1791 chartering? A. The national bank was so successful that Jefferson Republicans embraced it and helped secure a new charter after the original charter expired. B. The bank had branches in eight major cities to respond to demands for commercial credit, and its profits averaged 8 percent annually. C. Serving as a central clearinghouse, the bank was able to prevent states from issuing much paper currency that wasn't backed by gold or silver. D. In most years, the bank did not make a profit, and operating subsidies from the federal government were required to keep it afloat.
B. The bank had branches in eight major cities to respond to demands for commercial credit, and its profits averaged 8 percent annually.
Which of the following eighteenth-century pennsylvania immigrant groups quickly lost its cultural identity by practicing intermarriage with other protestants? A. Scots-irish presbyterians B. English quakers C. French huguenots D. Swedish lutherans
C. French huguenots
Which of the following constituted a critical problem for the Confederacy during the Civil War? A. A lack of experienced military leaders B. The lack of trained soldiers C. High levels of inflation D. Its citizens' lack of conviction
C. High levels of inflation
Which of the following statements characterizes the American party system by the early 1840s? A. As the 1840 election demonstrated, the Whigs clearly held the edge in party discipline and mass loyalty. B. The two parties offered nearly the same social and economic platform but employed differing campaign styles to attract voters. C. The practice of Americans voting for a particular party along ethnic and religious lines began to emerge. D. The Democrats had a major advantage in their wealth and the cohesiveness of their leadership and support.
C. The practice of Americans voting for a particular party along ethnic and religious lines began to emerge.
Which of the following factors made a critical contribution to the outcome of the Battle of Yorktown in 1781? A. The long-awaited arrival of Admiral Rochambeau's fleet in the Chesapeake Bay B. Americans' discovery, capture, and execution of the traitor Benedict Arnold. C. Washington's feigned attack on Manhattan while French troops set on Virginia D. The arrival of General Nathanael Greene's Patriot troops from South Carolina
C. Washington's feigned attack on Manhattan while French troops set on Virginia
When they settled in the New World in 1630, the Puritans' first priority was to A. establish the Anglican Church in New England. B. generate sufficient profits to repay their British investors. C. create a reformed society that would model true Christianity in America. D. escape from England and begin to pursue full political independence from the British crown.
C. create a reformed society that would model true Christianity in America.
Which of the following is true of the U.S. election of 1796? A. President Washington wanted to seek a third term on the Federalist ticket. B. Republicans won a majority in the House of Representatives and Senate. C. Jefferson refused the pleadings of Republicans to stand for election. D. John Adams won the vote and continued a pro-British foreign policy.
D. John Adams won the vote and continued a pro-British foreign policy.
Which law punished and silenced the critics of the Federalists? A. Alien and Sedition Acts B. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions C. Spy Act D. Nullification Act
A. Alien and Sedition Acts
What law asserted that Parliament had "the sole and exclusive right" to tax the colonists? A. Stamp Act B. Declaratory Act C. Townshend Act D. Binding Act
B. Declaratory Act
Which of the following was a result of the Second Great Awakening? A. Churches split into warring factions. B. Different denominations cooperated with one another. C. Americans turned their backs on the poor. D. The gulf between American politics and religion widened further.
B. Different denominations cooperated with one another.
The critical disagreement that led to the emergence of political parties in the mid-1790s was based on which of the following issues? A. Jay's Treaty B. Hamilton's financial plan C. Interstate trade D. Slavery
B. Hamilton's financial plan
Which of the following developments spurred the Panic of 1837? A. Cotton prices dropped to an all-time low. B. The stock market crashed, causing widespread bankruptcy. C. The Bank of England curtailed British money flow to the United States. D. State governments throughout the country defaulted on their debts.
C. The Bank of England curtailed British money flow to the United States.
The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 was intended to A. exclude Japanese immigration into California. B. place Indians on reservations in Arizona and New Mexico. C. promote Indian assimilation by dividing their lands. D. encourage ethnic diversity within large industries.
C. promote Indian assimilation by dividing their lands.
Which amendment is referred to as the states' rights amendment? A. 1st B. 2nd C. 5th D. 10th
D. 10th
When did the French and Indian War begin? A. The Great Lakes B. St. Lawrence River C. Mississippi River D. Ohio River Valley
D. Ohio River Valley
For this question, refer to the following two excerpts. Texas is now ours . . . The independence of Texas was complete and absolute. It was an independence, not only in fact, but of right. . . . What then can be more preposterous than all this clamor by Mexico and the Mexican interest, against Annexation, as a violation of any rights of hers . . . ? Nor is there any just foundation for the charge that Annexation is a great pro-slavery measure—calculated to increase and perpetuate that institution. Slavery had nothing to do with it. . . . That it will tend to facilitate and hasten the disappearance of Slavery from all the northern tier of the present Slave States, cannot surely admit of serious question. The greater value in Texas of the slave labor now employed in those States, must soon produce the effect of draining off that labor southwardly. . . . California will, probably, next fall away. . . . Already the advance guard of the irresistible army of Anglo-Saxon emigration has begun to pour down upon it, armed with the plough and the rifle, and marking its trail with schools and colleges, courts and representative halls, mills and meeting-houses. A population will soon be in actual occupation of California. . . . And they will have a right to independence—to self-government . . . a better and a truer right than the artificial title of sovereignty in Mexico, a thousand miles distant, inheriting from Spain a title good only against those who have none better. John L. O'Sullivan, Editor, "Manifest Destiny," from United States Magazine and Democratic Review, July 1845 If we regard Texas as a province of Mexico, its boundaries must be sought in the geography of that republic. If we regard it as an independent State, they must be determined by the extent of jurisdiction which the State was able to maintain. Now it seems clear that the river Nueces was always recognized by Mexico as the western boundary; and it is undisputed that the State of Texas, since its Declaration of Independence, never exercised any jurisdiction beyond the Nueces. . . . In the month of January, 1846, the President of the United States directed the troops under General Taylor, called the Army of Occupation, to take possession of this region [west of the Nueces River]. Here was an act of aggression. As might have been expected, it produced collision. The Mexicans, aroused in self-defence, sought to repel the invaders. . . . Here the question occurs, What was the duty of Congress in this emergency? Clearly to withhold all sanction to unjust war,—to aggression upon a neighboring Republic. . . . The American forces should have been directed to retreat, not from any human force, but from wrongdoing; and this would have been a true victory. Alas! This was not the mood of Congress. With wicked speed a bill was introduced, furnishing large and unusual supplies of men and money. . . . This was adopted by a vote of 123 to 67; and the bill then leaped forth, fully armed, as a measure of open and active hostility against Mexico. Charles Sumner, Conscience Whig and future Republican Senator from Massachusetts, Letter to Robert Winthrop, a Whig Congressman from Massachusetts, October 25, 1846 Which of the following ideas and debates from the nineteenth and/or twentieth centuries compares most closely with those described in the two excerpts? A. Corruption in government energizing the public to demand increased reform of governments and the capitalist system in the 1900s and 1910s B. Arguments between interventionists and isolationists in the 1930s C. The debates over policies and methods designed to root out Communists within the United States in the 1950s and 1960s D. Debates between imperialists and anti-imperialists in the 1890s and 1900s
D. Debates between imperialists and anti-imperialists in the 1890s and 1900s
Which of the following statements characterizes the british government's attempts to meet its war debt following the great war for empire? A. The british parliament raised the taxes on land throughout north america. B. To cut costs, britain decreased the size of its bureaucracy, especially the customs department. C. Parliament decreased the import duties on consumables to increase both sales and revenue. D. Parliament increased import taxes on items used by the poor and middling classes such as sugar and beer.
D. Parliament increased import taxes on items used by the poor and middling classes such as sugar and beer.
By 1770, after five years of crisis and debate over American sovereignty, A. Most americans wanted to sever their connection to the british empire and renounce loyalty to george III. B. Outspoken colonial leaders had repudiated parliament and claimed equality for their own assemblies under the king. C. Thomas Hutchinson and many other British officials accepted the idea of a colonial representatives serving in parliament. D. George III was willing to take the title of "King of America," but parliamentary leaders refused to divide sovereignty in this manner.
B. Outspoken colonial leaders had repudiated parliament and claimed equality for their own assemblies under the king.
The Trail of Tears was the direct consequence of which of the following government actions? A. The Louisiana Purchase B. Worcester v. Georgia C. Indian Removal Act of 1830 D. The Bad Axe Massacre
C. Indian Removal Act of 1830
From 1818 until the early 1840s, the Oregon Territory was administered under which of the following arrangements? A. The Oregon Territory was a British protectorate. B. It was a no man's land not formally claimed by any government. C. Russia controlled the territory as part of its Alaska claim. D. Great Britain and the United States controlled it jointly.
D. Great Britain and the United States controlled it jointly.
What was the immediate cause of the illegal duel in which Vice President Aaron Burr killed Alexander Hamilton in 1804? A. Hamilton's affair with Burr's wife B. Hamilton's decision to support Jefferson and oppose Burr in the 1800 election C. Burr's accusation that Hamilton was leading a Federalist secession plot D. Hamilton's accusation that Burr was aiding a plot to destroy the Union
D. Hamilton's accusation that Burr was aiding a plot to destroy the Union
Who was nicknamed the "Father of the Constitution" due to his contribution to the document? A. John Jay B. Thomas Jefferson C. John Hancock D. James Madison
D. James Madison (Remember: Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence)
When did the French and Indian War being? A. The Great Lakes B. St. Lawrence River C. Mississippi River D. Ohio River Valley
D. Ohio River Valley
What was the Indian uprising led by a chief against the British in the Northwest Territory? A. Stono Rebellion B. Shays' Rebellion C. Detroit's Rebellion D. Pontiac's Rebellion
D. Pontiac's Rebellion
Why did Indians view reformers as just another white interest group? A. Indians did not really believe that white reformers cared about them. B. They suspected that white reform organizations were deceitful. C. Indians did not understand the goals and the efforts of the white reform groups. D. Reform groups sent mixed messages and made promises that were not kept.
D. Reform groups sent mixed messages and made promises that were not kept.
How did farmwives throughout the colonies in the eighteenth century contribute to their families? A. The women worked within the farmhouse due to traditional notions that only men performed field work. B. Mothers assembled manufactured goods in their homes while caring for children. C. They exercised strict control over the family's finances and economic decisions. D. Wives acted as helpmates to their husbands and performed both domestic and agricultural tasks.
D. Wives acted as helpmates to their husbands and performed both domestic and agricultural tasks.
T/F: There was considerable debate over the issue of declaring independence.
True
What did Alexis de Tocqueville mean when he used the term individualism to describe American society in 1835? A. Americans lived in social isolation, without any ties to caste, class, association, or family. B. Americans valued and respected differing views on political topics. C. The American people welcomed all types of immigrants, regardless of ethnicity or religion. D. Most Americans were uninfluenced by political parties and did not vote by party lines.
A. Americans lived in social isolation, without any ties to caste, class, association, or family.
Which of these did elite Americans embrace after the Industrial Revolution in order to set themselves apart from other groups of Americans? A. Conspicuous displays of their wealth through clothing and housing B. The duty to enforce moral and mental discipline in American communities C. Philanthropic causes D. Unitarianism
A. Conspicuous displays of their wealth through clothing and housing
In which event did every colony except Georgia meet to assert their rights as Englishmen? A. First Continental Congress B. Second Continental Congress C. Albany Congress D. Constitutional Convention
A. First Continental Congress
Why did Thomas Jefferson decide to attempt to purchase New Orleans in 1801? A. France refused to allow American farmers to ship their products through the port, in violation of the Pinckney Treaty. B. He feared that racial violence in Haiti would spread to the American continent via French New Orleans. C. Great Britain wanted to use the port as a military staging point for its conquest of French and Spanish islands in the Caribbean. D. Napoleon Bonaparte had announced a plan to establish a French empire in North America.
A. France refused to allow American farmers to ship their products through the port, in violation of the Pinckney Treaty.
The Naturalization, Alien, and Sedition Acts had which of the following outcomes in the United States in the 1790s? a. It became illegal to publish insults or malicious attacks against Congress or the president. b. The John Adams administration jailed over a thousand pro-Republican newspaper editors. c. The residency requirement for American citizenship was shortened from fourteen years to five years. d. Democratic ideals embodied in the Declaration of Independence were strengthened dramatically.
A. It became illegal to publish insults or malicious attacks against Congress or the president.
Which of the following describes the new industrial system that developed in early nineteenth-century America? A. It brought workers together under one roof in a factory. B. The new system quickly replaced the rural outwork system. C. It eliminated any possibility that unions could organize to defend workers' interests. D. The system was bitterly opposed by the many critics of industrial pollution.
A. It brought workers together under one roof in a factory.
Why was the popular pamphlet "Common Sense" significant? A. It called for republicanism and convinced many colonists of the need to fight for American independence. B. The pamphlet was ghostwritten by Benjamin Franklin, who refused to attach his name to the work because of its radical message. C. Author Thomas Paine begged the patriots to use "common sense" and restore harmony with Britain before the colonies were "laid in blood and ashes." D. It urged ordinary Americans to revolt, not only against the king and Parliament, but also against wealthy merchants and planters.
A. It called for republicanism and convinced many colonists of the need to fight for American independence.
What was a major weakness of the Articles of Confederation? A. It could not enforce tax collection. B. It failed to establish a postal service. C. It did not apportion state representation equally. D. It did not allow Congress to deal with international affairs
A. It could not enforce tax collection.
Why did President McKinley and the Republicans jump at the chance to hold the Philippine Islands? A. It provided the United States with a major foothold in the western Pacific and access to Asian markets. B. The victory would soothe an American public angered by an unpopular war. C. The move would quiet Democratic opponents who had criticized the war effort as being unproductive. D. It hoped that control of the Philippines would guarantee the territorial integrity of China.
A. It provided the United States with a major foothold in the western Pacific and access to Asian markets.
Which of the following Americans spoke out vigorously against annexation of the Philippines in the late 1890s? A. Jane Addams B. William Howard Taft C. Theodore Roosevelt D. William Jennings Bryan
A. Jane Addams
Which of the following were the three key elements of Clay's American system? A. Protective tariff, subsidized internal improvements, and the national bank B. Subsidized internal improvements, the national bank, and patronage C. Slavery, patronage, and subsidized internal improvements D. Protective tariff, patronage, and subsidized internal improvements
A. Protective tariff, subsidized internal improvements, and the national bank
Which key battle of the Revolution brought the colonists a formal alliance with France? A. Saratoga B. Valley Forge C. Yorktown D. Trenton
A. Saratoga
For this question, refer to the following poster advertising Barlow, Wilson, Primrose, and West's "Mammoth Minstrels' Colored Masquerade." Which of the following ideas or trends of the twentieth century would compare most closely with those depicted in the artwork above? A. Society's assumptions about gender in the 1950s B. Demands of African Americans for equality in the 1960s C. The Harlem Renaissance movement in the 1920s D. The ambivalence of the government toward Mexicans in the 1930s and 1940s
A. Society's assumptions about gender in the 1950s
On what basis did the U.S. government base its claim that the commonwealth system was consistent with republican ideology? A. State support for private businesses contributed to the overall public good. B. Regulating businesses was necessary to prevent economic cycles of boom and bust. C. Any private citizen with a good idea could obtain state support to implement that idea. D. The government supported slavery and could therefore support other private businesses.
A. State support for private businesses contributed to the overall public good.
What did the british policy of salutary neglect of the american colonies in the early eighteenth century mean? A. The british relaxed their supervision of the colonies' internal affairs while concentrating on defense and trade policies. B. Britain ignored americans' hopes for independence instead of suppressing them violently. C. The english failed to enforce nearly all the laws that parliament passed regarding the colonies. D. Britain refused to defend the colonies and instead expected colonial taxpayers to assume the entire burden.
A. The british relaxed their supervision of the colonies' internal affairs while concentrating on defense and trade policies.
Which of the following statements describes migrants who left New England during the 1790s? A. They moved in family or community groups. B. This group frequently moved to southern states. C. New Englanders typically relocated to northeastern Ohio. D. They funded their moves through joint-stock companies.
A. They moved in family or community groups.
What was the purpose of the Female Moral Reform Society, which middle-class New York women founded in 1834? A. To provide moral guidance for young, working women who were living away from their families B. To create new opportunities for male and female reformers to work together as equals in the same organization C. To create a network of schools to train young, middle-class women in manners and morals D. To condemn prostitution and punish young women who participated in urban prostitution
A. To provide moral guidance for young, working women who were living away from their families
Why was the fifteenth-century marriage of Queen Isabel and King Ferdinand of Spain significant? A. Together they completed Spain's long campaign to oust Muslims. B. They decided jointly to end the Spanish Inquisition. C. It created a new basis for female political power. D. The Catholic Church refused to recognize their arranged union.
A. Together they completed Spain's long campaign to oust Muslims.
For this question, refer to the following Thomas Nast cartoon from Harper's Weekly, April 14, 1867. Which of the following groups would be most likely to support the perspective of the cartoon? A. Women activists B. Union movements C. Immigrants D. Ex-Confederates
A. Women activists
The majority of white settlers on the Great Plains in the late nineteenth century viewed themselves as A. conquerors over the wilds of nature. B. warriors who had to defeat the natives. C. responsible for preserving the environment for future generations. D. simple subsistence farmers with modest wants and needs.
A. conquerors over the wilds of nature.
The United States adopted the gold standard in the 1870s for its currency because A. it hoped to encourage European investment in the United States. B. geologists predicted huge gold strikes out west. C. gold was a more durable form of currency than greenbacks. D. it sought economic development through a larger money supply.
A. it hoped to encourage European investment in the United States.
For this question, refer to the following map, "Indian Country in the West, to 1890." The map above is best understood in the context of A. the U.S. government hoping to end American Indian tribal identities through assimilation. B. the mass movement of people into the nation's cities. C. the effort of conservationists to protect unspoiled wilderness through various preservationist measures. D. political debates over economic and social policies.
A. the U.S. government hoping to end American Indian tribal identities through assimilation.
James K. Polk's declaration that American blood had been shed "upon American soil" was his call for A. war with Mexico. B. revolution in California. C. war for Oregon. D. an end to the fighting in Kansas.
A. war with Mexico.
Which Europeans were represented by guilds in the fifteenth century? A. The landed nobility B. Artisans C. Peasants D. Lawyers
B. Artisans
World War I began as a direct result of the assassination, by a Serbian revolutionary, of the heir to the throne of A. Germany. B. Austria-Hungary. C. Russia. D. Turkey.
B. Austria-Hungary
The one valuable resource in New France was _______ A. Gold B. Beavers C. Trees D. Fish
B. Beavers
Which founding father helped negotiate the Treaty of Alliance with France? A. Benjamin Rush B. Benjamin Franklin C. John Adams D. Thomas Jefferson
B. Benjamin Franklin
How was the Wade-Davis Bill of 1864 different from Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan? A. This proposal created an amnesty plan that was more lenient than Lincoln's earlier plan. B. It stipulated that new southern governments could be formed only by those who had not fought against the North in the Civil War. C. It required loyalty oaths from 90 percent of a southern state's adult white men before that state could hold a constitutional convention. D. This more generous plan specified that former slaveholders would receive compensation for their property losses.
B. It stipulated that new southern governments could be formed only by those who had not fought against the North in the Civil War.
Which of the following made the Oregon Territory so appealing to Americans in the mid-1800s? A. Its proximity to California B. Its mild climate and rich soil C. The absence of Native Americans in the area D. The transcontinental railroad terminus there
B. Its mild climate and rich soil
Which British philosopher argued that people have rights to life, liberty, and property? A. Adam Smith B. John Locke C. Charles de Montesquieu D. Thomas Hobbes
B. John Locke
Which of the following New England colonies required church membership in order to be able to vote? A. Plymouth B. Massachusetts Bay C. Rhode Island D. Connecticut
B. Massachusetts Bay
By the time the Europeans arrived in the Western Hemisphere in the 1490s, most Native Americans lived who lived in large civilizations were in which of the following regions? A. The Caribbean islands B. Mesoamerica and the western coast of South America C. The area that is now the United States and Canada D. The land above the Arctic Circle, including present-day Alaska
B. Mesoamerica and the western coast of South America
For this question, refer to the following excerpt. "at last to my new master's house i came, At the town of wicocc[o]moco call'd by name, Where my europian clothes were took from me, Which never after i again could see. A canvas shirt and trowsers then they gave, With a hop-sack frock in which i was to slave: No shoes nor stockings had i for to wear, Nor hat, nor cap, both head and feet were bare. Thus dress'd into the field i nex[t] must go, Amongst tobacco plants all day to hoe, At day break in the morn our work began, And so held to the setting of the sun. My fellow slaves were just five transports more, With eighteen negroes, which is twenty four. . . We and the negroes both alike did fare, Of work and food we had an equal share. . ." poem by indentured servant james revel, c. 1680 The ideas expressed in the passage above most directly reflect which of the following continuities in u.s. history? A. Landowner competition over resources B. The economic and class tensions resulting after migration to the western hemisphere C. The struggles of governmental organizations to address the effects of mass migrations D. Intellectual movements challenging the established order
B. The economic and class tensions resulting after migration to the western hemisphere
Why was the Battle of Saratoga historically significant? A. It lulled the British into a false sense of security. B. The victory ensured the French would join in an alliance with the Americans. C. The British captured more than 5,000 American troops. D. The loss showed the need for better training for the Patriot troops.
B. The victory ensured the French would join in an alliance with the Americans.
Which 1794 rebellion over excise taxes was crushed by federal troops? A. Bacon's Rebellion B. Whiskey Rebellion C. Shays' Rebellion D. Stono Rebellion
B. Whiskey Rebellion
The Founding Fathers failed to eliminate slavery because... A. economic conditions would not allow such a loss. B. a fight over slavery might destroy national unity. C. they did not truly believe in democracy. D. the North began to rely on slave labor.
B. a fight over slavery might destroy national unity.
As a result of the Embargo Act of 1807, the American economy A. suffered little damage because American merchants ordered their ships to trade only between neutral ports. B. fell into a slump and the American gross national product dropped by 5 percent. C. suffered little damage because northeastern merchants smuggled their goods out through Canada. D. suffered considerably less damage than did the economies of both France and Britain.
B. fell into a slump and the American gross national product dropped by 5 percent.
For this question, refer to the following table. Note that the figures below for military casualties are rough estimates. Civilian casualties are even more uncertain. Taken as a whole, the data above collectively reflects A. the United States having to face increasingly complex foreign policy issues. B. industrial production and greater economic resources being central factors in American military victories. C. the development of a foreign policy based on collective security and a multilateral economic framework. D. debates about the nation's role in the world and how best to achieve national security and pursue American interests.
B. industrial production and greater economic resources being central factors in American military victories.
The South's political clout, which ensured that the national government would continue to protect slavery, rested on which of the following? A. Its rapidly rising profits from manufacturing B. The North's indifference to the matter of slavery C. Its domination of the presidency and Senate D. A treaty with Great Britain ensuring that the slave trade would continue
C. Its domination of the presidency and Senate
In the early republic, Benjamin Rush and other leaders argued that women should be educated so they could do which of the following? A. Vote and participating actively in American in public life B. Focus on their individual needs and develop economic independence C. Oversee the instruction of their sons in the principles of liberty and government D. Perform a more active role in advising and assisting their husbands' economic activities
C. Oversee the instruction of their sons in the principles of liberty and government
Which of the following statements describes the movement toward emancipation within the Republican Party in 1862? A. Lincoln led the Radical Republicans, who wanted to speed up the process of emancipation by abolishing slavery throughout the South. B. Mounting Union casualties diminished popular support for emancipation, forcing Lincoln to slow his schedule for freeing slaves. C. Radical Republicans in Congress pushed moderates toward embracing their agenda of total abolition. D. Republicans were afraid that if they did not strongly support emancipation, northern Democrats would use their hesitancy against them in the upcoming elections.
C. Radical Republicans in Congress pushed moderates toward embracing their agenda of total abolition.
Which of the following describes the process of tribalization that occurred in America in the early eighteenth century? A. The adaptation of european colonizers to the manners and morals of native people B. An adoption of american identity by colonists from a variety of european origins C. Stateless peoples' adaptation to the demands imposed on them by neighboring states D. American colonists' growing attachment to their specific local identities.
C. Stateless peoples' adaptation to the demands imposed on them by neighboring states
Some southerners used the term scalawags to describe A. freed slaves who were demanding equality. B. northerners in the South during Reconstruction. C. southerners who supported the process of Reconstruction. D. Freedmen's Bureau officials and teachers.
C. southerners who supported the process of Reconstruction.
"Chronic wrong doing . . . may . . . require intervention by . . . the United States [in adherence to] the Monroe Doctrine . . . , however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrong doing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power." The philosophy exemplified in this quote reveals that it was taken from A. The Influence of Seapower upon History. B. the Platt Amendment. C. the Roosevelt Corollary. D. a speech by William Jennings Bryan.
C. the Roosevelt Corollary
For this question, refer to the following map, "Expansion of the Railroad System, 1870-1890." The process depicted in the map above reflects A. competition for land and violent conflict. B. conflicts between business interests and conservationists. C. the environmental transformation of regions. D. increased migrations from Asia and Central and Eastern Europe.
C. the environmental transformation of regions.
In his attack on Atlanta in the summer of 1864, Sherman's Union forces A. fought until they reached a stalemate with Confederates later that year. B. retreated to fight Confederate forces in Alabama and Tennessee. C. waged a campaign that began in July and succeeded in early September. D. brutally executed more than 700 white women and children.
C. waged a campaign that began in July and succeeded in early September.
Which of the following scenarios took place in the federal government immediately after Congress passed the Civil Rights Act in April 1866? A. Congressional Republicans enacted the Freedmen's Bureau law over Johnson's veto. B. Radical Republicans formulated a plan to seek Johnson's impeachment. C. Republican leaders decided that they had accomplished all they could before the midterm election. D. Republicans introduced an amendment declaring that "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" were citizens.
D. Republicans introduced an amendment declaring that "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" were citizens.
Which of the following statements characterizes the legacy of the Spanish conquest in the New World in the sixteenth century? A. Tribal populations increased in size following the introduction of European technology. B. The Spanish found much gold but squandered it in their attempt to convert the indigenous peoples. C. Their presence created only a very small, mixed-blood population because interracial sexual contact was rare. D. Spanish conquistadors, aided by disease, decimated native peoples.
D. Spanish conquistadors, aided by disease, decimated native peoples.
Which of the following statements most describes the colonial boycott efforts of 1768-1769? A. The boycott failed because southern merchants refused to support the northern organizers. B. Merchants and consumers needed little persuasion to join the boycott. C. Consumers in the colonies disagreed over which imported items to boycott. D. Support began in seaport cities, then spread to more major population centers.
D. Support began in seaport cities, then spread to more major population centers.
Which of the following diseases were introduced into Europe by Christopher Columbus's sailors after their journey to the Americas in the 1490s? A. Smallpox B. Measles C. Influenza D. Syphilis
D. Syphilis
What worked out an acceptable scheme for apportioning congressional representation? A. The New Jersey Plan B. The Bill of Rights C. The Virginia Plan D. The Great Compromise
D. The Great Compromise
Did Federalists or Democratic-Republicans advocate for a national bank?
Federalists
Did the Federalists or Democratic-Republicans believe debt could be a blessing?
Federalists
