APUSH Final Study Guide

The goal of the American Colonization Society was to...

-establish a state for freed African Americans on the west African coast

In the history of American transportation, when was the canal era?

-1817 - 1825

"In the new Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire your would Remember the Ladies." Who said this?

-Abigail Adams

List the reasons the United States decided to declare war against Great Britain in 1812.

-Britain would not stop seizing American ships -they would also seize sailors

Describe the Compromise of 1850.

-California and New Mexico: free; banned slave trade in D.C.

The hostility of the Know-Nothing Party was directed primarily against...

-Catholics and Immigrants

"Let me...warn you in the most solemn manner against the ruinous effects of the spirit of party...The alternate domination of faction over another, sharpened by the spirit of revenge natural to party dissension...is itself a frightful despotism." Who said this and why?

-George Washington in his farewell speech

Thomas Jefferson opposed some of Alexander Hamilton's programs because Jefferson believed that...

-Hamilton's programs favored wealthy financial interests

Prior to the Civil War, a transformation occurred in the workforce of the New England textile mills as New England farm girls were replaced by...

-Irish Immigrants

The first attempt to apply the doctrine of popular sovereignty in determining the status of slavery occurred in which state?

-Kansas

President Jackson's Native American policy resulted in...

-Trail of Tears

A proposal for the uncompensated emancipation of American slaves was advanced by...

-William Lloyd Garrison in The Liberator 1831

Describe religion in colonial Pennsylvania.

-there was no established church

The Supreme Court's decision in the Dred Scott Case in 1857 effectively repealed the...

Missouri Compromise

Jacksonian Democracy was distinguished by the belief that...

political participation by the common man should be increased

The Federalist Papers challenged the conventional political wisdom of the 18th century when they asserted that...

-a large republic offered that best protection of minority rights

The first Great Awakening was...

-a time of religious fervor during the 1730s and 1740s; the movement arose in reaction to the rise of skepticism and the waning of religious faith brought about by the enlightenment

Describe the beliefs of the Quakers in the Colonial period.

-acceptance of a greater role for women in public worship -opposition to slavery -freedom of religion -refusal to bear arms

In which North American colonies was slavery legally established by the early 1700s?

-all of the colonies

Describe the Missouri Compromise.

-allowed Maine to enter as a free state

Pinckney's Treaty with Spain is considered a diplomatic highlight of Washington's administration because it...

-allowed the U.S. to use the port of New Orleans

The immediate effect of Andrew Jackson's attack on the Second Bank of the United States in 1834 was...

-an expansion of credit and speculation

In the United States, the Haitian Rebellion of the 1790s prompted...

-an increased fear of slave revolts in the south

How many slaves did the majority of white families in the antebellum south own?

-around five slaves of fewer

Why did Massachusetts Bay officials banish Anne Hutchinson?

-because she spoke out against the church

Although Congress accepted most of Alexander Hamilton's economic proposals, it rejected his...

-call for direct subsides to manufacturers

What did Africans brought as slaves to the British North American colonies maintain?

-culture practices from Africa

What provided sources of revenue for the federal government in the period from 1800-1860?

-customs duties and land sales

Describe the Puritans who emigrated to 17th century New England.

-did not tolerate those of other religions; considered themselves non-separatists

What achievements of the "carpetbag" governements survived the "Redeemer" administrations?

-establish public school system

What group(s) were LEAST likely to respond with enthusiasm to the religious fervor of the Great Awakening in the 1730s and 1740s?

-established merchants in cities like Boston & Philadelphia

What contributed to the decline of open-range cattle ranching at the end of the 19th century?

-excessively cold winters; a drop in cattle prices as the stockyard; overgrazing; production of crops for distant markets

The Dutch settled New Netherland primarily to...

-expand their commercial & mercantile network

President Jackson resisted the admission of Texas into the Union in 1836 primarily because he...

-feared the debate over the admission of Texas would ignite controversy about slavery

Describe the Dawes Act (1887).

-federal law intended to turn Native Americans into farmers & landowners by providing cooperating families with 160 acres of reservation land for farming or 320 acres of land for grazing

The Battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862, is considered pivotal to the outcome of the Civil War because it...

-forestalled the possibility of European intervention

Describe in detail Jefferson's purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France. What made it possible? What did it show about Jefferson? How did Jefferson feel about it?

-he made peace between the two parties; doubled the size of the nation; controlled the Mississippi River; he also knew that it was unconstitutional

In part, President Lincoln refrained from taking action to emancipate slaves until the Civil War had been in progress for almost two years because...

-he sought to retain the loyalty of border states

The most unpopular and unsuccessful of Jefferson's policies was...

-his adherence to neutrality in dealing with England and France

What contributed to discontent among soldiers in the Continental Army?

-inadequately fed and clothed; paid them with money that had no value; non-useable arms & ammunition

The Constitutional Convention designed the electoral college to...

-insulate the presidency from the popular will

What did the case of Marbury v. Madison establish?

-it affirmed the principle of judicial review

Explain the Treaty of Paris that ended the American Revolutionary War.

-it recognized U.S. sovereignty over territory east of the Mississippi River, between the Great Lakes, and Florida

Describe the construction of the United States Constitution as adopted as the Constitutional Convention.

-it was built upon compromises

Jamestown was founded by a... looking to....

-joint stock company... find gold

Members of the Hudson River School were best known for their paintings of...

-landscapes

The Navigation Acts were part of the British policy known as...

-mercantilism

What groups were the wealthiest people in pre-revolutionary America?

-northern merchants & southern planters

In adopting the 14th Amendment, Congress was primarily concerned with...

-protecting legislation guaranteeing civil rights to former slaves

Parliament enacted the Stamp Act (1765) primarily to...

-raise revenue to pay for British troops in the colonies

Describe the American Transcendentalists.

-protested against the general state of intellectualism and spirituality at the time

The Jefferson administration advocated what changes as a means of restoring republican ideals?

-reducing the scope of activities of the federal government

What principles were established by the Dred Scott decision?

-removed restrictions of spreading slavery west

The Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) heightened the sectional crisis because it...

-repealed the Missouri Compromise

What did the Stono Rebellion and the New York conspiracy trials of 1741 reveal?

-resistance to slavery

The primary purpose of the Proclamation of 1763 was to...

-set a boundary beyond which the English colonists were forbidden to settle

Describe the slave system in 18th century British North America.

-slave owners gained increased legal power over their slaves

The Kentucky and Virginia resolutions, the Hartford Convention, and the South Carolina Exposition and Protest were similar in that they all involved the defense of...

-states' rights

Under the AOC the U.S. central government had no power to...

-tax

The French and Indian War was a pivotal point in America's relationship to Great Britain because it led Great Britain to...

-tax the colonies

The establishment of Brook Farm and the Oneida Community in the antebellum United States reflected...

-the blossoming of perfectionists aspirations

France negotiated a treaty of alliance with the new American nation in 1778 following...

-the defeat of the British at Saratoga

Describe the situation of freedmen in the decade following the Civil War.

-the majority entered sharecropping arrangements with former masters or other nearby planters

The Republican Party originated in the mid-1850s as a sectional party committed to...

-the opposition to the further extension of slavery into territories

What was a serious constitutional question after the Civil War?

-the political and legal status of former Confederate states

The Wilmot Proviso specifically provided for...

-the prohibition of slavery in lands acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War

What was the "Three-Fifths Compromise" originally contained in the Constitution?

-the rate at which one slave counted toward congressional representation

The "Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions" issued by the Seneca Falls Convention demanded...

-the right to vote

France's support for the United States during the American Revolutionary War was motivated primarily by...

-their competition with Great Britain

Some African Americans served as soldiers during the Civil War. How were they used? Who were they led by?

-they served as soldiers, sailors, laborers

Describe the attitude of 17th century Puritans toward religious liberty.

-they wanted religious freedom for themselves only

Describe the responses of Great Britain and France to the American Civil War.

-they wanted to support the south but the north would let them

What contributed to the growth of the free African American population in the United States in the early 19th century?

-they were able to enlist

Describe the position on slavery of most northerners during the sectional crisis of the 1850s.

-they were willing to accept slavery where it existed, but opposed the further spread of slavery to the new territories

What was Shays' Rebellion?

-threatened economic interests of the business elite and contributing to the downfall of the AOC

During Reconstruction, Southern Blacks typically did what types of work?

-tilled farms as renters and sharecroppers

What were the two main transportation developments that opened the West to settlement and trade between 1790-1830?

-turnpikes and canals

President Monroe articulated the Monroe Doctrine in his 1823 address to Congress primarily in order to...

-warn European nations against further colonial ventures in the western hemisphere

After the Revolution, the concept of "republican motherhood" suggested that women...

-would be responsible for raising their children, especially their sons, to be virtuous citizens of the young republic