APUSH Learning Curve Chapter 14

By the spring of 1865, about how many African Americans were serving in the Union army?

200,000 → By the spring of 1865, the number of African Americans in federal uniform had reached nearly 200,000, providing a significant boost to the Union war effort.

How did Senator John C. Crittenden think that his compromise plan would solve the secession crisis of 1861?

By allowing the extension of slavery but limiting its spread, it had something for both the South and North. → Crittenden sought to extend the line of the Missouri Compromise to the California border, thus simultaneously giving southerners access to more land open to slavery while reassuring northerners that the spread of slavery would be limited.

How did African Americans precipitate the adoption of the policy of emancipation?

By slaves escaping across Union lines → Slaves forced the issue of emancipation by escaping to Union lines. Although Abraham Lincoln eventually adopted the military necessity argument--and many in the North had moral objections to slavery--of wanting to punish the South, these ideas became more popular after escaped slaves forced the issue.

American women played an important role in organizing the distribution of supplies and the staffing of field hospitals with nurses during the Civil War. One of these women, who later founded the American Red Cross, was

Clara Barton. → Clara Barton was a Union nurse before she founded the American Red Cross.

Why was Maryland a strategic location that Abraham Lincoln was determined to keep in the Union?

It covered the nation's capital on three sides. → Maryland was vital to the Union's security because it bordered the nation's capital on three sides. If Maryland went to the Confederacy, Washington, D.C., would be cut off from the rest of the Union.

What did the Confederacy rely upon to provide income to fund the war effort?

King Cotton → Confederate leaders counted on King Cotton to provide the revenue to purchase clothes, boots, blankets, and weapons from abroad. They also counted on cotton as a diplomatic weapon that would persuade Britain and France, whose textile factories needed raw cotton, to grant the Confederacy diplomatic recognition.

Which southern city did U.S. Admiral David Farragut capture in 1862?

New Orleans → Admiral Farragut in late April of 1862 took the port city of New Orleans, providing fifteen hundred plantations and 50,000 slaves for the war effort. The Union now held the South's financial center and largest city and, by seizing fifteen hundred plantations, had struck a strong blow against slavery and Confederate strength in the Mississippi Valley.

Which southern city was the last to come under Union control?

Raleigh, North Carolina → Union troops only captured this particular pocket of North Carolina in 1865.

Secession came earliest in which states?

Those with the highest concentration of slaves → Succession came earliest in those southern states with the most slaves. Although in general those states farthest from the North had more slaves and those closer had fewer, it was slavery and the political clout of slaveholders that determined the order of secession.

Which general emerged as a major figure in the Union army with several victories capped by the capture of Vicksburg in July 1863?

Ulysses S. Grant → Grant rose to the position of commander of all Union armies after his successes in the western theater of war, especially in the Battle of Shiloh and the siege at Vicksburg. He accepted Lee's surrender at Appomattox and became the eighteenth President of the United States in 1868, winning reelection in 1872.