APUSH Midterm

plan of 1754

albany plan of union

why did jackson react violently to nullification crisis

anger built up towards calhoun from peggy eaton affair

third party that came about in jacksonian democracy

anti-masonic party

How long did Lincoln serve as pres? Why?

1 term and a month, assassinated

"Their world, quite literally, changed before the Indians' eyes as European colonists transformed the forest into farmland. . . . In the Southeast, hogs ran wild. Sheep and goats became permanent parts of the economy and culture of Pueblo and Navajo peoples in the Southwest. Horses transformed the lives and cultures of Indian peoples on the plains. Europeans also brought honeybees, black rats, cats, and cockroaches to America." — Colin G. Calloway, historian, First Peoples: A Documentary Survey of American Indian History, 2012 The excerpt describes effects of the a. Columbian Exchange b. Great Awakening c. Middle Passage d. European Enlightenment 2. American Indian societies most commonly reacted to the changes described in the excerpt by a. embracing European religious and agricultural practices b. adapting European material goods while attempting to preserve cultural autonomy c. borrowing European political structures to organize their own societies d. encouraging European colonists to accept American Indian cultural practices 3. The process described in the excerpt most affected Europeans through a. an increase in cooperation among European nations b. a decline in religious activity and the secularization of Europe c. significant population growth and economic development in many parts of Europe d. widespread epidemics of American diseases that decreased European population 4. Europeans most typically explained the process described in the excerpt in which of the following ways? a. Denying that such changes had taken place b. Interpreting it as evidence of a need to protect the rights of artisans and farmers c. Viewing it as proof of the higher level of civilization among Europeans d. Asserting that all people were equal and deserving of the same rights

1.A 2.B 3.C 4.C

"In 1739 arrived among us from Ireland the Reverend Mr. [George] Whitefield, who had made himself remarkable there as an itinerant preacher. He was at first permitted to preach in some of our churches; but the clergy, taking a dislike to him, soon refused him their pulpits, and he was obliged to preach in the fields. The multitudes of all sects and denominations that attended his sermons were enormous. . . . It was wonderful to see the change soon made in the manners of our inhabitants. From being thoughtless or indifferent about religion, it seemed as if all the world were growing religious, so that one could not walk thro' the town in an evening without hearing psalms sung in different families of every street." Benjamin Franklin, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin 1. Whitefield's impact suggests that religious culture among British North American colonists in the 1700s was most directly shaped by (A) Roman Catholic influences (B) interest in commerce and business (C) trans-Atlantic exchanges (D) reliance on agriculture 2. Whitefield's open-air preaching contributed most directly to which of the following trends? (A) The growth of the ideology of republican motherhood (B) Greater independence and diversity of thought (C) Movement of settlers to the backcountry (D) The pursuit of social reform 3. The preaching described in the excerpt is an example of which of the following developments in the 1700s? (A) The emergence of an idea of republican self-government (B) The beginning of calls for the abolition of slavery (C) The increased influence of the Enlightenment (D) The expansion of Protestant evangelism

1.C 2.B 3.D

1. "On the subject of slavery . . . I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice. . . . On this subject, I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. . . . I am in earnest—I will not equivocate—I will not excuse—I will not retreat a single inch—AND I WILL BE HEARD." William Lloyd Garrison, first issue of abolitionist newspaper The Liberator, January 1831 The excerpt was likely to have found the most support among which of the following groups? a. Immigrants from Ireland b. Members of Congress c. Justices on the Supreme Court d. Advocates for women's rights 2. A person who agreed with Garrison's views expressed in the excerpt would most likely have advocated a. paying slaveholders to gradually free enslaved people b. encouraging free Black people to migrate to Africa c. the preservation of the Missouri Compromise d. immediate emancipation of enslaved people 3. The type of views expressed in the excerpt emerged most directly from which of the following trends? a. Growing nativism b. Opposition to industrialization c. The Second Great Awakening d. Support for the idea of Manifest Destiny 4. Opponents of Garrison's ideas expressed in the excerpt would most likely have argued that a. slavery was a positive social institution and should not be changed b. Garrison was too conservative in his vision of social change c. new discoveries about racial equality had made Garrison's ideas obsolete d. African Americans were already guaranteed basic rights

1.D 2.D 3.C 4.A

10. DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Chief Powhatan, Remarks to Captain John Smith, c. 1609 "Why should you destroy us, who have provided you with food? What can you get by war? We can hide our provisions, and fly into the woods; and then you must consequently famish by wronging your friends... You see us unarmed, and willing to supply your wants, if you will come in a friendly manner, and not with swords and guns, as to invade an enemy. I am not so simple, as not to know it is better to eat good meat, lie well, and sleep quietly with my women and children; to laugh and be merry with the English; and, being their friend, to have copper, hatchets, and whatever else I want, than to fly from all, to lie cold in the woods, feed upon acorns, roots, and such trash, and to be so hunted, that I cannot rest, eat, or sleep... and, Capt. Smith, this might be soon your fate too, through your rashness and unadvisedness. I, therefore, exhort you to peaceable councils; and, above all, I insist that the guns and swords, the cause of all our jealousy and uneasiness, be removed and sent away." From Chief Powhatan's perspective, which of the following contributed most directly to conflict between the Native Americans and the English settlers in early seventeenth-century Virginia? a. English settlers' aggressive use of force and weaponry to gain food from the Indians b. English settlers' desire to acquire the Native Americans as slaves c. Native Americans' refusal to trade food for manufactured items with the English settlers d. Native Americans' desire to expel foreigners from their territory 11. The excerpt most directly reflects which of the following goals of Chief Powhatan? a. to end all contact with the English settlers b. to re-establish peaceful trade with the English colonists c. to provide the rationale for forming a confederation with neighboring Indian tribes d. to inspire his tribal followers to attack the Jamestown settlers 12. One significant result of the contact between the English settlers and the Powhatan Indians was a. the discovery by Native Americans of silver mines on nearby islands. b. the establishment of a Virginia college for educating Indians c. the spread of disease and the decimation of Indian populations d. the emergence of Powhatan missionaries who preached Christianity to their fellow Native Americans

10.A 11.B 12.C

"Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness." Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, 1776 10. The excerpt was written in response to the (A) British government's attempt to assert greater control over the North American colonies (B) British government's failure to protect colonists from attacks by American Indians (C) colonial governments' failures to implement mercantilist policies (D) colonial governments' attempts to extend political rights to new groups 11. The ideas about government expressed in the excerpt are most consistent with which of the following? (A) The concept of hereditary rights and privileges (B) The belief in Manifest Destiny (C) The principle of religious freedom (D) The ideas of the Enlightenment

10.A 11.D

13. DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Christopher Columbus, 'The Letters of Columbus to Ferdinand and Isabel,' 1493 'SIR: Since I know that you will be pleased at the great victory with which Our Lord has crowned my voyage, I write this to you, from which you will learn how in thirty-three days I passed from the Canary Islands to the Indies... The harbours of the sea here are such as cannot be believed to exist unless they have been seen, and so with the rivers, many and great, and of good water, the majority of which contain gold. In the trees, fruits and plants, there is a great difference from those of Juana. In this island, there are many spices and great mines of gold and of other metals. The people of this island and of all the other islands which I have found and of which I have information, all go naked, men and women... They have no iron or steel or weapons, nor are they fitted to use themÉIn conclusion, to speak only of what has been accomplished on this voyage, which was so hasty, their Highnesses can see that I will give them as much gold as they may need...' The excerpt from Columbus' letter best serves as evidence of which of the following? a. He accurately believed that he had discovered a new route to Asia from Europe and had arrived in the Indies, off the Asian coast b. He accurately believed that he had discovered a new route to America from Europe and had arrived in the Caribbean islands c. He mistakenly believed that he had discovered a new route to Asia from Europe and had arrived in the Indies, off the Asian coast d. He mistakenly believed that he had discovered a new route to Africa from Europe and had arrived in Madagascar, off the African coast 14. The excerpt most directly reflects which of the following goals of Columbus' expedition? a. to convert the Indians to Christianity b. to discover gold and other precious metals c. to study the Native Americans' culture d. to gather botanical specimens 15. One direct long-term effect of Columbus' voyage report was that it a. increased the number of Indians in the Caribbean islands b. led to the decrease of European voyages to Asia c. led to the discovery of gold and silver by others in South America and greatly enriched the monarchy in Spain d. led to the transformation of European weaponry and the decline of Spain as a world power

13.C 14.B 15.C

What invalidated the 3/5 compromise

14th amendment - counting whole number of persons in each state

albany plan of union date

1754

Taylor birth and death date

1784-1850

French Revolution dates

1789-1815

Haitian rebellion date and effect

1790s - increased fear of slave revolts in south

When was the bill of rights added

1791

buchanan birth and death

1791-1868

War between France and Britain dates

1793-1815

Fillmore birth and death

1800-1874

Marshall court dates and sig

1801-1835, upheld federal legislation over state

Marbury v Madison date

1803

franklin pierce birth and death

1804-1869

Impressment dates

1806-1812

Lincoln birth and death

1809-1865

(Fletcher v peck date)

1810

When was war declared

1812

War of 1812 dates

1812-1814

McCulloch v Maryland date

1819

Cohens v Virginia date

1821

Gibbons v Ogden date

1824

john q adams term

1825-1829

The last of the Mohicans date and sig

1826 by james fenimore cooper First American writer to feature uniquely American characters - created first genuine war heroes in literature

bank war date

1832

Democracy in America date and sig

1835 by de Tocqueville American individualism arose as a result of absence of aristocracy

McGuffey Readers date and sig

1836 Stories poems and essays supported patriotism and moral values - children's books

martin van buren term

1837-1841

william henry harrison term

1841

john tyler term

1841-1845

Civil disobedience: on the duty of civil disobedience date and sig

1849 Thoreau's Opposition to Mexican war Argued individuals have moral responsibility to oppose unjust laws and actions by govts Influenced MLK's philosophy

Zachary Taylor term dates

1849-1850

The scarlet letter date and sig

1850 by Nathaniel hawthorne Dealt with hypocrisy of puritans

Millard Fillmore term

1850-1853

Franklin pierce term

1853-1857

Ostend Manifesto date and defn

1854 - proposal to seize Cuba by force, anti slavery northerners prevented it

Leaves of grass date and sig

1855 by Walt whitman Poems - romantic movements against reason and embrace nature

james buchanan term

1857-1861

Lincoln term

1861-1865

"[H]istory and experience prove that foreign influence is one of the most baneful foes of republican government. . . . Excessive partiality for one foreign nation and excessive dislike of another cause those whom they actuate to see danger only on one side and serve to veil and even second the arts of influence on the other. . . . The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations, is in extending our commercial relations to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none, or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns." George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796 24. The concerns expressed by Washington were a response to the (A) debate over the proper treatment of American Indian tribes in the transAppalachian West (B) dispute over the possibility of annexing Canada from Great Britain (C) controversy regarding support for the revolutionary government of France (D) conflict with Great Britain over the treatment of American Loyalists 26. Which of the following groups most strongly opposed Washington's point of view in the address? (A) Democratic-Republicans (B) New England merchants (C) Southern plantation owners (D) Federalists

24.C 26.A

"The colonizers brought along plants and animals new to the Americas, some by design and others by accident. Determined to farm in a European manner, the colonists introduced their domesticated livestock—honeybees, pigs, horses, mules, sheep, and cattle—and their domesticated plants, including wheat, barley, rye, oats, grasses, and grapevines. But the colonists also inadvertently carried pathogens, weeds, and rats. . . . In sum, the remaking of the Americas was a team effort by a set of interdependent species led and partially managed (but never fully controlled) by European people." Alan Taylor, historian, American Colonies, 2001 28. The export of New World crops to the Old World transformed European society mostly by (A) improving diets and thereby stimulating population growth (B) encouraging enclosure of open lands and pushing workers off of farms (C) promoting greater exploration of the interior of the American continents (D) fostering conflicts among major powers over access to new food supplies 29. The patterns described in the excerpt most directly foreshadowed which of the following developments? (A) The spread of maize cultivation northward from present-day Mexico into the American Southwest (B) The population decline in Native American societies (C) The gradual shift of European economies from feudalism to capitalism (D) The emergence of racially mixed populations in the Americas 30. The trends described by Taylor most directly illustrate which of the following major historical developments in the Atlantic world? (A) The growth of mercantile empires that stretched across the Atlantic (B) The increasing 46nglicization of the English colonies (C) The phenomenon known as the Columbian Exchange (D) The rise of the trans-Atlantic slave trade

28.A 29.B 30.C

31. The map most directly depicts the (A) inland expansion of the colonial population (B) effects of industrialization (C) pattern of American Indian resistance (D) decline of tobacco production 32. The pattern of colonial settlement up to 1700 resulted most directly from which of the following factors? (A) The large size of British colonial populations relative to American Indian populations (B) British recognition of Native American sovereignty (C) The orientation of the British colonies toward producing commodities for export to Europe (D) British government attempts to impose greater control over the colonies in the late 1600s 33. The change in settlement patterns from 1700 to 1775 had which of the following effects? (A) A decrease in the coastal population (B) An increase in conflicts between British settlers and American Indians (C) A decrease in the economic importance of slavery and other forms of coerced labor (D) An increase in trade with French Canada 34. The change in settlement patterns from 1700 to 1775 best explains the (A) development of economic differences between the northern and southern colonies (B) colonists' difficulties in effectively resisting the British military during the American Revolution (C) significant proportion of colonists who remained loyal to Great Britain during the American Revolution (D) growth of social tensions between backcountry settlers and coastal elites

31.A 32.C 33.B 34.D

"My purpose is not to persuade children from their parents; men from their wives; nor servants from their masters: only, such as with free consent may be spared: But that each [English] parish, or village, in city or country, that will but apparel their fatherless children, of thirteen or fourteen years of age, or young married people, that have small wealth to live on; here by their labor may live exceeding well: provided always that first there be sufficient power to command them, . . . and sufficient masters (as carpenters, masons, fishers, fowlers, gardeners, husbandmen, sawyers, smiths, spinsters, tailors, weavers, and such like) to take ten, twelve, or twenty, or as is their occasion, for apprentices. The masters by this may quickly grow rich; these [apprentices] may learn their trades themselves, to do the like; to a general and an incredible benefit for king, and country, master, and servant." John Smith, English adventurer, A Description of New England, 1616 38. The excerpt suggests that promoters such as Smith most typically presented migration as a means for (A) workers to achieve social mobility and economic opportunity (B) people to earn wages to send home to their families (C) countries to acquire new sources of mineral wealth (D) joint-stock companies to generate profits 39. The excerpt would be most useful to historians as a source of information about which of the following? (A) The interaction of English colonial settlers with native populations in the early seventeenth century (B) The harsh realities of life in the early seventeenth-century American colonies, including illness, high mortality rates, and starvation (C) The role that appeals and advertising played in encouraging men and women to participate in colonization efforts (D) The nature of master and apprentice relationships in England in the early seventeenth century 40. Which of the following was a major contrast between the New England colonies and the colonies of France? (A) The New England colonies were based on more diverse agriculture and commerce. (B) The French settled more often in cities and towns. (C) The French had more conflicts with American Indians. (D) New England developed a less rigid racial hierarchy

38.A 39.C 40.A

'The Indians are so accustomed to running that, without resting or getting tired, they run from morning till night in pursuit of a deer, and kill a great many, because they follow until the game is worn out, sometimes catching it alive. Their huts are of matting placed over four arches. They carry them on their back and move every two or three days in quest of food; they plant nothing that would be of any use. They are very merry people, and even when famished do not cease to dance and celebrate their feasts and ceremonials. Their best times are when 'tunas' (prickly pears) are ripe, because then they have plenty to eat and spend the time on dancing and eating day and night. As long as these tunas last they squeeze and open them and set them to dry. When dried they are put in baskets like figs and kept to be eaten on the way. The peelings they grind and pulverize... the woman... took them to a river that flows between mountains where there was a villageÉand these were the first adobes we saw that were like unto real houses... permanent houses, inhabited, the people of which ate beans and squashes, and... had also seen maize.' The excerpt most directly reflects which of the following views of the Native Americans of the Southwest? a. There were only nomadic, hunter-gatherer tribal people b. The tribes all lived in adobe houses in farming communities c. There was a mixture of nomadic, hunter-gatherer tribes and agricultural, settled tribes d. The tribes lived in an industrialized, densely-populated area 5. The excerpt most clearly suggests which one of the following ideas? a. The Indians of the Southwest never experienced food shortages b. The type of housing used by Indians was linked to the source of their food supply c. Deer-hunting was rarely engaged in by Southwest Indians d. The Southwest Indians relied on tuna fishing for their food supply 6. The excerpt's references to the prickly pear cactus most clearly demonstrate which of the following? a. The prickly pear was played with as a toy in southwestern Indian sports b. The prickly pear was used by indigenous peoples of the Southwest for medicinal purposes c. The prickly pear was dried and pulverized by Southwest Indians for religious rituals d. The prickly pear was a staple in the diet of many indigenous peoples of the Southwest

4.C 5.B 6.D

KING ANDREW POLITICAL CARTOON 5. All of the following groups would have been likely to agree with the image's depiction of Andrew Jackson EXCEPT a. South Carolinians who opposed federal tariffs b. American Indians such as Cherokees c. western farmers who opposed the national bank d. advocates of federally funded internal improvement projects 6. The creator of the image would most likely agree with which of the following statements? a. Jackson's natural leadership skills made him an ideal president. b. Jackson's political actions were unconstitutional c. Jackson would have accepted internal improvements if Congress had consulted him d. Jackson was celebrated by the people because his foreign policies benefited the nation 7. Which of the following events could best be interpreted as reflecting the exercise of power depicted in the image? a. The completion of the transcontinental railroad despite concerns about costs b. American Indian removal despite the Supreme Court ruling in Worcester v. Georgia c. The publication of the South Carolina Exposition and Protest, which explained nullification d. The formation of the Whig Party

5.C 6.B 7.B

"Shortly after this, my mother's widowed sister, . . . who kept a factory boarding house in Lowell [Massachusetts], advised her to come to that city. . . . "My mother, feeling obliged to have help in her work besides what I could give, and also needing the money which I could earn, allowed me . . . to go to work in the mill. . . . "The working hours of all the girls extended from five o'clock in the morning until seven in the evening, with one half hour for breakfast and dinner. . . . "I cannot tell you how it happened that some of us knew about the English factory children, who as it was said, were treated so badly. . . . "In contrast to this sad picture, we thought of ourselves as well off . . . enjoying ourselves in our own good way, with our good mothers and our warm suppers awaiting us." Harriet Hanson Robinson, Loom and Spindle, or Life Among Early Mill Girls, describing events in the 1830s, published in 1898 52. Which of the following most directly contributed to the developments described in the excerpt? (A) The concept of republican motherhood after the American Revolution (B) Large-scale immigration from southern and eastern Europe (C) The expansion and increased organization of industrial production (D) The wartime need for women to fill jobs previously held by men 53. The developments described in the excerpt most directly reflect which of the following changes in the first half of the 1800s? (A) The sharp increase in the number of workers making goods for distant markets (B) Women's acquisition of new legal rights independent of their fathers and husbands (C) The emergence of a larger and more distinct middle class (D) Many women's embrace of the idea of separate spheres Return to Table of Contents © 2017 The College Board AP United States History Practice Exam Section I, Part A 24 54. Which of the following was a major difference in economic development between the Northeast and the South in the first half of the 1800s? (A) Southern exports had a far lower value than exports from the Northeast. (B) Banking and shipping grew more rapidly in the South than in other regions. (C) The South relied much less on wage labor than the Northeast. (D) The South had few commercial connections with other regions of the United States.

52.C 53.A 54.C

7. "Thus, fellow citizens, have I pointed out what I thought necessary to be amended in our Federal Constitution. I beg you to call to mind our glorious Declaration of Independence, read it, and compare it with the Federal Constitution; what a degree of apostacy will you not then discover. Therefore, guard against all encroachments upon your liberties so dearly purchased with the costly expense of blood and treasure." A Georgian, Gazette of the State of Georgia, November 15, 1787 The opinion expressed in the excerpt would most likely have been held by a. An advocate of republican motherhood b. An Anti-Federalist c. A Loyalist d. An Abolitionist 8. Which of the following factors contributed most directly to the views expressed in the excerpt? a. The limitations placed on the federal government by the Articles of Confederation b. The fear of excessive centralized authority c. The efforts made to increase economic growth in the new nation d. The desire to settle new territory controlled by American Indians 9. The views expressed in the excerpt contributed most directly to a. The addition of the Bill of Rights shortly after the Constitution was adopted b. A series of rebellions and revolutions in France, Haiti, and Latin America c. The elimination of the international slave trade d. The creation of a strong central government

7.B 8.B 9.A

7. DOCUMENT EXCERPT: Thomas Hariot, The Algonquian Peoples of the Atlantic Coast, 1588. 'One other rare and strange accidentÉwhich mooved the whole countrey that either knew or hearde of us, to have us in wonderfull admiration. There was no towne where we had any subtile devise practised against us, we leaving it unpunished or not revenged (because wee fought by all meanes possible to win them by gentlenesse) but that within a few dayes after our departure from everie such towne, the people began to die very fast, and many in short space; in some townes about twentie, in some fourtie, in some sixtie, and in one sixe score, which in trueth was very manie in respect of their numbers. This happened in no place that wee coulde learne but where wee had bene, where they used some practise against us, and after such time; The disease also so strange, that they neither knew what it was, nor how to cure it; the like by report of the oldest men in the countrey never happened before, time out of minde. A thing specially observed by us as also by the naturall inhabitants themselves... This marvelous accident in all the countrie wrought so strange opinions of us, that some people could not tel whether to think us gods or men, and the rather because that all the space of their sicknesse, there was no man of ours knowne to die, or that was specially sicke...' Hariot's description of encounters with the Algonquians best serves as evidence of which of the following? a. the conversion to Christianity of many Native Americans by Europeans b. the decimation of the Native American population as a result of warfare with Europeans c. Europeans' unintentional transmission of Old World diseases, especially smallpox, to the New World natives who had no immunities to them d. Europeans' effective use of scientific discoveries to protect them from New World diseases spread by Native Americans 8. According to Hariot's understanding, which of the following most directly contributed to the outbreak? a. the Indians' unsanitary methods of preparing food b. the intermarriage of Indians with the Europeans c. an epidemic of disease among the deer hunted by the Indians d. the evil plotting and practices of some Indians against the Europeans 9. Which of the following was the most direct effect of the Indian exposure to European diseases? a. the deaths of many more Native Americans by disease than by warfare, making European conquest easier b. the development of immunities by the Indians, making European conquest more difficult c. the decline of Native Americans' belief in their spiritual leaders, making European conquest easier d. the emergence of scientific interests among Native Americans, making European conquest more difficult 10. mc010-1.jpg Mesoamerican maize cultivation The image depicts the Native American cultivation of maize (corn), which was a. a crop indigenous to Africa b. a variant of the type of corn indigenous to Europe c. a crop unfamiliar to the Europeans d. a crop introduced to America by Asians 11. The introduction of maize, beans, and potatoes to Europe and sugar cane and wheat to the Americas is most clearly an example of which of the following? a. the Triangular Trade b. the Treaty of Tordesillas c. the Continental Divide d. the Columbian Exchange 12. Which of the following was the most direct effect of the transference of New World foods to Europe? a. a change in Indian eating habits and a sharp rise in Native American population b. a change in European eating habits and a sharp rise in European population c. a change in European eating habits and a sharp decrease in European population d. a change in Indian eating habits due to widespread famine in the New World

7.C 8.D 9.A 10.C 11.D 12.B

Great English migration

70,000 people migrating to various locations outside England - puritans -> West Indies and New England

US ANNEXATIONS 8. Which of the following was a common justification in the United States for the trend depicted in the map? a. The interest in greater access to trade with the British colonies in the Americas b. The desire for better relations with Mexico c. The intention to assimilate Plains Indians _into White society d. The belief in White cultural and political superiority 9. In the mid-nineteenth century, the process shown in the map was advocated by supporters of which of the following ideologies? a. Republicanism b. Abolitionism c. Progressivism d. Manifest Destiny 10. The trend shown in the map led most directly to which of the following? a. A decreasing gap in wealth because land ownership increased among White citizens b. Decreasing tensions between White settlers and Native Americans because expanded United States territory undercut competition c. Increasing divisions between North and South because of questions about the status of slavery in new territories d. Increasing legal immigration for Asians because the United States became a Pacific Rim country 11. The ideology that supported the trend depicted in the map is most similar to the ideology that supported which of the following? a. Opposition to the international slave trade b. Involvement in the Spanish-American War c. Participation in the First World War d. Isolationism prior to the Second World War

8.D 9.D 10.C 11.B

"I conceive there lies a clear ruleÉ that the elder women should instruct the younger and then I must have a time wherein I must do it. "If any come to my house to be instructed in the ways of God what rule have I to put them away?" "The power of the Holy Spirit dwelleth perfectly in every believer, and the inward revelations of her own spirit, and the conscious judgment of her own mind are of authority paramount to any word of God." -Anne Hutchinson, 1630s The excerpts from Anne Hutchinson best represent which of the following developments in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the 1630s? a. Growing challenges by dissenters to civil authorities b. Efforts to raise the level of education for young girls and women c. Growing disagreement over the expansion of legal rights in the colonial charter d. Efforts by colonial women to establish independent communities separate from men

A

10. One primary cause of women's subordination in nineteenth-century America was a. the cult of domesticity that sharply separated women's sphere of the home from that of men in the workplace. b. women's primary involvement in a host of causes other than that of their own rights. c. the higher ratio of females to males in many communities. d. the prohibition against women's participation in religious activities. e. the widespread belief that women were morally inferior to men.

A

Besides the hostility and ridicule it suffered from most men, the pre-Civil War women's movement failed to make large gains because a. it was overshadowed by the larger and seemingly more urgent antislavery movement. b. women were unable to establish any effective organization to advance their cause. c. several prominent feminist leaders were caught up in personal and sexual scandals. d. it became bogged down in pursuing trivial issues like changing women's fashions. e. most ordinary women could not see any advantage to gaining equal rights.

A

Compared to New England, early English settlement in Virginia and Maryland was characterized by a. lower life expectancy, a larger population of indentured servants, and a greater gender imbalance b. lower life expectancy, many immigrants from Spanish colonies, and a diversified economy c. higher life expectancy, government organized at the village level, and an established church d. higher life expectancy, greater population diversity, and rapid urbanization

A

English colonization patterns in North America differed most from Spanish colonization in that the English a. more often settled as families and rarely intermarried with Native Americans b. relied more on coerced labor from Native Americans c. enjoyed relatively peaceful relations with Native Americans d. adopted some of Native Americans' more egalitarian views on the roles of women

A

Industrialization was, at first, slow to arrive in America because a. there was a shortage of labor, capital, and consumers. b. low tariff rates invited foreign imports. c. the country lacked the educational system necessary to develop technology. d. the country lacked a patent system to guarantee investors the profits from new machines. e. most American consumers preferred hand-crafted goods.

A

President Madison's primary goal in asking Congress to declare war against Britain in 1812 was to a. restore confidence in America's republican experiment by fighting against British disrespect for American rights. b. halt Tecumseh's successful Indian revolt and alliance with the British. c. conquer Canada and incorporate it into the United States. d. end the British practice of impressing American seamen into the British navy. e. reinforce the Republican party's patriotism and undermine Federalist power in New England.

A

The Congregational Church of the Puritans contributed to: A) the development of basic democracy in the New England town meeting B) the extremely hierarchical character of New England life C) the social harmony and unity displayed throughout the seventeenth century in New England towns D) the growing movement toward women's rights in New England

A

The most significant action taken by the First Continental Congress to protest the Intolerable Acts was: A. Forming The Association to enforce a boycott of British goods B. Arming the colonial militia to drive Redcoats out of Boston C. Sending petitions to Parliament to repeal the act. D. Sending petitions to King George III to reign in Parliament. E. Agreeing to meet again in one year if the situation did not improve.

A

The new regional division of labor created by improved transportation meant that the South specialized in a. cotton, the West in grain and livestock, and the East in manufacturing. b. manufacturing, the West in transportation, and the East in grain and livestock. c. cotton, the West in manufacturing, and the East in finance. d. grain and livestock, the West in cotton, and the East in transportation. e. manufacturing, the West in cotton, and the East in communications.

A

The nomination of James K. Polk as the Democrats' 1844 presidential candidate was secured by a) expansionists b) anti-Texas southerners c) Henry Clay d) Eastern business interests e) Proslavery forces

A

The primary beneficiaries of the "headright" system were: A) landowners who paid the transalantic passage for indentured servants B) widows who acquired new husbands from England C) indentured servants who were able to acquire their own land D) English ship owners who transported new laborers across the Atlantic

A

Which of the following answers correctly identifies an important consequence of the Spanish attitude towards Native Americans? A Because so many native peoples were dying, the Spanish began to import slaves from Africa to replenish their labor supply. B Native American people and culture were completely eradicated. C The Spanish crown became insolvent because the reduced labor supply made it impossible for colonial possessions to become profitable. D Many Spaniards, driven by a sense of Christian piety, urged the crown to create reforms that resulted in an increased standard of living for Native Americans.

A

Why did Jacksonian Democrats oppose the Market Revolution and industrialization? A The economic changes created inequality and wage-dependency. B The economic changes benefitted the South and impoverished the North. C The economic changes reinforced support for slavery. D Jacksonian Democrats favored socialism over capitalism

A

How did Spain justify enslaving Native Americans? a. The Spanish believed that enslavement could liberate Native Americans from their backwardness and savagery and introduce them to Christian civilization. b. Pope Alexander VI had approved Spanish slavery but banned slavery in Portuguese holdings in the New World. c. The writings of Bartolomé de Las Casas explained that the Bible approved slavery and that therefore it was acceptable. d. If England and France were to be defeated in the quest for empire, Spain needed to take a step they had avoided, imposing slavery upon the native population. e. The Spanish actually never enslaved Native Americans; the charge that they did was simply part of the "Black Legend" spread by the English and other enemies.

A`

The compromise of 1850 faced opposition from both

Abolitionists and south

Booker t Washington supported

Accommodation To white society Economic self help Industrial education

British agents in the northwest territory did what (date)

Aided the Shawnee in an uprising against Americans (1811)

Who defended separation of powers?

Alexander hamilton

Leaders of shays rebellion wanted (4)

An end to farm foreclosures End to imprisonment for debt Relief from oppressive and high taxes Increased circulation of paper money

The (-) in what is now Arizona and New Mexico built (3)

Anasazi Cliff dwellings, roads, canals

Who led the American militia in battle of New Orleans

Andrew Jackson

What views developed after witch trials? Led to what?

Anti-Puritan sentiments Weakening in Puritan authority

Tribes along the (-) and (-) were pressured to adapt to white settlers and traders

Atlantic coast Ohio river valley

Dorothea Dix

Attempted to raise awareness about mistreatment in mental institutions

Provision in constitution 1787

Authority of congress to declare war Guarantee of slave legality Provision for impeachment of presidency

"English expectations of the New World and its inhabitants died hard. America was supposed to be a land of abundance, peopled by natives who would not only share that abundance with the English but increase it under English direction. Englishmen simply did not envisage a need to work for the mere purpose of staying alive. The problem of survival as they saw it was at best political and at worst military. ÒAlthough Englishmen long remained under the illusion that the Indians would eventually become useful English subjects, it became apparent fairly early that Indian labor was not going to sustain the founders of Jamestown [Virginia]." — Edmund S. Morgan, historian, "The Labor Problem at Jamestown, 1607-18," published in 1971 In the first half of the 1600s, American Indians in Virginia and Maryland most typically responded to the English colonization described in the excerpt by a. organizing communities to adopt English customs b. defending their territory against the English c. voluntarily moving farther west, away from the English d. allying with the French to counter English encroachment

B

"The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world. "He has never permitted her to exercise her inalienable right to the elective franchise. "He has compelled her to submit to laws, in the formation of which she had no voice. . . . "Having deprived her of this first right of a citizen, the elective franchise, thereby leaving her without representation in the halls of legislation, he has oppressed her on all sides. . . . "He has taken from her all right in property, even to the wages she earns." Seneca Falls Convention, Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions, 1848 7. The ideas expressed in the excerpt most directly challenged the prevailing ideal in the early nineteenth century that (A) women should enjoy full and equal rights with men (B) women should focus on the home and the domestic sphere (C) the ability of women to earn wages was a positive development (D) women should educate their children about the rights and responsibilities of citizenship

B

A key addition to the new federal government that had been demanded by many critics of the Constitution and others in the ratifying states was a. a cabinet to advise the president. b. a written bill of rights to guarantee liberty. c. a supreme court. d. federal assumption of state debts. e. a federal district where the capital would be located

B

Anne Hutchinson was expelled from Massachusetts because she criticized the leaders': a. land policies. b. religious beliefs. c. treatment of Indians. d. use of slave labor.

B

Attempts to establish strong governments in post-Revolutionary America were seriously hindered by the a. lack of strong leadership available in the new nation. b. revolutionary ideology that preached natural rights and suspicion of all governmental authority. c. hostility of the clergy toward the idea of separation of church and state. d. fear that a strong government would suppress economic development. e. seizure of power by dangerous demagogues like Daniel Shays.

B

Colonists reacted to the passage of the Tea Act by: A. Rejoicing that Parliament had seemingly accepted the American definition of representation B. Suspecting that it was a trick to get them to violate their principle of "No taxation without representation" C. Immediately calling the First Continental Congress into session D. Avoiding the tax on tea by buying their tea directly from the British East India Company E. Voluntarily closing all ports to foreign trade

B

Connecticut and Rhode Island were both established by: a. English proprietors. b. religious dissenters migrating out of Massachusetts. c. the Dutch. d. Quakers.

B

England's first colony at Jamestown a) was an immediate economic success b) was saved from failure by Jon Smith's leadership and by Jon Rolfe's introduction of tobacco c) enjoyed the strong and continual support of King James I d) depended on the introduction of African slave labor for its survival.

B

Hamilton's first financial policies were intended to a. finance the new government through the sale of western lands. b. fund the national debt and to have the federal government assume the debts owed by the states. c. repudiate the debts accumulated by the government of the Articles of Confederation. d. insure that low federal taxes would spur economic growth. e. guarantee that the dollar would become a sound and respected international currency.

B

One of the advantages the British enjoyed in the impending conflict with the colonies was a. a determined and politically effective government. b. the ability to enlist foreign soldiers, Loyalists, and Native Americans in their military forces. c. a highly motivated and efficiently run military force in America. d. the concentration of colonial resistance in a few urban centers. e. the strong backing of the other European great powers.

B

One of the key components of the sectional Missouri Compromise negotiated by Henry Clay was a. a guarantee that there would always be an equal number of slave and free states. b. a congressional prohibition on slavery in the Louisiana territory north of the southern boundary of Missouri. c. the admission of Missouri as a slave state and Iowa as a free state. d. a guarantee that no new slave territories could be added to the United States. e. prohibition of the international slave trade and restrictions on slave trading with the United States.

B

One political development that demonstrated the power of the new popular democratic movement in politics was a. the rise of the caucus system of presidential nominations. b. the use of party loyalty as the primary qualification for appointing people to public office. c. extensive public speaking tours by presidential candidates. d. the strong support for public schools and a national university. e. the vigorous campaign to abolish the electoral college.

B

Parliament's repeal of the Stamp Act: A. Was carried out at King George's request B. Convinced the colonists that Parliament could be forced to yield to boycotts and mob action C. Ended its right to tax the colonies D. Led to a collapse of parliamentary power and a revival of the monarchy E. All of the above

B

Shays's Rebellion contributed greatly to the movement for a new constitution by a. revealing that Revolutionary War veterans like Shays wanted a more powerful federal government. b. raising the fear of anarchy and disorder among wealthy conservatives. c. raising the prospect of British or French interference in American domestic affairs. d. showing that state legislatures could effectively resist the demands of radical farmers. e. proving that America needed a stronger military to crush domestic rebellions.

B

The "Half-Way Covenant" provided: A) baptism but not "full communion" to people who had not had a conversion experience B) partial participation in politics to people who were not church members C) admission to communion but not voting membership in the church D) partial participation in church affairs for women

B

The Columbian Exchange was: a. the agreement that documented what Christopher Columbus would give to Spanish leaders in return for their sponsorship of his travel to the New World. b. the transatlantic flow of plants, animals, and germs that began after Christopher Columbus reached the New World. c. John Cabot's exploration of the New World, which brought more of the goods that Columbus had found back to the Old World. d. responsible for introducing corn, tomatoes and potatoes to the Americas. e. the first store in the New World, named for the man who founded it.

B

The Declaration of Independence's proclamation that all governments everywhere should be based on universal human rights and consent of the people soon had an impact on a. the movement to abolish the British monarchy. b. the French Revolution and its Declaration of the Rights of Man. c. Thomas Jefferson's decision to emancipate his own slaves. d. the first attempts to create an international organization comparable to the United Nations. e. political philosophers like Edmund Burke and Voltaire.

B

The Spanish system of labor control that allowed a person to exploit the native labor force for a certain period of time was called a. bandeirante. b. encomienda. c. casa grande d. hacienda. e. requerimiento. answer-b

B

The United States became involved in an undeclared war with France in 1797 because of a. fierce American opposition to the concessions of Jay's Treaty. b. American anger at attempted French bribery of American diplomats in the XYZ Affair. c. French interference with American shipping and freedom of the seas. d. President Adams's sympathy with Britain and hostility to Revolutionary France. e. France's refusal to sell New Orleans and Louisiana.

B

The first U.S. government of the Articles of Confederation was finally approved when a. George Washington insisted that he needed a single ruling authority to deal with. b. land-rich states like Virginia and New York agreed to hand over their lands to the new government for the common benefit. c. Congress abandoned the principle that each state had one vote regardless of size. d. the economy was plunged into severe depression that required drastic action. e. Britain refused to honor the Peace of Paris by holding onto its forts in the West.

B

The first center of the Spanish empire in America: a. was a prosperous settlement that Columbus created. b. was the island of Hispaniola c. fell to Dutch raiders in 1506. d. resulted from Columbus's last voyage to the New World in 1502. e. was Cuba.

B

The main trend shown in the graph was most directly associated with which of the following processes occurring in the United States at the time? (A) The convergence of European and American cultures (B) The emergence of an industrialized economy (C) The displacement of American Indians from the Southeast (D) The resurgence of evangelical Protestantism (increase in immigration from 1845-1860)

B

When the British argued in favor of virtual representation, they meant that: A. Practically all British subjects were represented in Parliament B. Each elected member of Parliament represented all British subjects C. Parliament could pass virtually every type of law except trade restrictions D. Colonial legislatures' laws would hold the same power as Parliament's laws E. Colonists would be able to elect representatives to Parliament

B

Which of the following answers correctly describes the social hierarchy of the Spanish empire? A Social standing was based on merit and abilities - anyone could increase their status and rise to the top. B Spanish officials created a strict caste based on precise racial categories that placed native Spaniards at the top. C Only colonists of pure Spanish heritage were accorded any social status. D No discernable rules governed colonial society - the status of each colonial subject was randomly determined.

B

Which of the following contributed most directly to the change in the number of Africans transported to the New World after 1800? a. The emergence of a more industrial economy in Great Britain and the United States b. The outlawing of the international slave trade by Great Britain and the United States c. The increased resistance to slavery within African nations d. The influence of major slave rebellions in Haiti and elsewhere

B

Which of the following was NOT a motivation that drove colonists to settle in the New World? A Economic prosperity. B Political oppression in Europe. C Religious freedom. D Social mobility.

B

Which of the following was not among the consequences of the Louisiana Purchase? a. The geographical and scientific discoveries of the Lewis and Clark expedition b. The weakening of the power of the presidency in foreign affairs c. The precedent of incorporating foreign territory and populations into the United States through peaceful purchase d. The pursuit of isolationism as America's primary foreign policy outlook e. The opportunity of westward expansion and growth of the United States as a great power

B

Which statement best describes the relationship between Native Americans and European settlers? A Native Americans unanimously welcomed the colonists because they understood the settlers were superior in many ways. B Native Americans and Europeans at times traded peacefully with European colonists but also frequently used diplomacy and force to resist encroachment on their territory, political sovereignty, and way of life. C Native Americans were skilled warriors who incessantly resisted European settlement and were only defeated by the colonist's superior technology. D Europeans had very little contact with the Native Americans because they thought indigenous peoples would corrupt settlers with their uncivilized way of life.

B

Why was Franklin's Albany Plan a failure? pg. 92 a. The colonists were suspicious of Franklin b. The colonists feared centralized government c. Not enough delegates showed up at the Albany Congress d. The king outlawed the Albany Congress

B

McCulloch v Maryland ruling

Bank of US is constitutional because of implied powers from the right to tax. Maryland can not tax a federal institution.

Example of half way covenant

Baptism of children of baptized, but unconverted, puritans

Where were the Shawnee defeated? By whomst?

Battle of tippecanoe William henry harrison

Perfectionism defn

Belief that humans can use conscious acts of will to create communities based on cooperation and mutual respect

Reasons colonists supported the revolutionary war (6)

Believed George III was a tyrant " parliament wanted to control internal affairs without consent " British ministers and other govt officials had corrupting influence Wanted greater political participation in policies affecting colonies resented quartering act Wanted to preserve local autonomy and way of life

Treaty of Paris said

Borders set America will not persecute loyalists any longer Britain gives up fur trading posts in West

Causes of war of 1812

British impressment Desire for Canadian land British interference with American commerce British aid of natives in Ohio river valley

Utopian communities examples

Brook farm New harmony Oneida

Britished burned what? Why?

Burned Washington DC because America burned Canadian provincial capital (American expansionism)

. Which of the following was the most direct effect of Native American agriculture? a. It led to a hunting and gathering economy for Native Americans. b. It ended Native American dependence on archaic religious practices. c. It supported economic development and social diversification in certain Native American societies. d. It allowed Native American societies to overcome droughts.

C

1. "The voice of the people has been said to be the voice of God; [but] it is not true in fact. The people are turbulent and changing; they seldom judge or determine right. . . . Can a democratic assembly, who annually revolve in the mass of the people, be supposed steadily to pursue the public good? Nothing but a permanent body can check the imprudence of democracy." — Alexander Hamilton, speech at the Constitutional Convention, 1787 Hamilton's views expressed in the excerpt most directly supported which of the following? a. The process of electing members of the House of Representatives b. The method of counting slaves for representation and taxation c. The establishment of the Supreme Court d. The addition of the Bill of Rights

C

A major new political innovation that emerged in the Revolutionary era was the a. election of legislative representatives capable of voting on taxation. b. shifting of power from the legislative to the executive branch of government. c. idea of a written constitution drafted by a convention and ratified by direct vote of the people. d. extension of voting rights to indentured servants. e. direct election of judges by the people.

C

Although greatly weakened after Jefferson's election, the Federalist party's philosophy continued to have great influence through a. the propaganda efforts of Federalist agitators. b. the Federalist control of the U.S. Senate. c. the Federalist Supreme Court rulings of John Marshall. d. Federalist sympathies within the U.S. army and navy. e. Federalist teachers and textbooks in the public schools.

C

Despite the Revolution's emphasis on human rights and equality, the Founding Fathers failed to abolish slavery because a. they saw it as necessary to maintain American power. b. they feared black rebellion if slavery were removed. c. of their fear that a fight over slavery would destroy fragile national unity. d. almost none of them believed that slavery was wrong. e. many of them felt guilty about interracial sexual liaisons with their slaves.

C

New Amsterdam became a part of the British empire because: a. Holland sold it to King Charles II. b. English settlers overwhelmed Dutch merchants. c. Britain conquered it in an Anglo-Dutch war. d. Parliament passed an act claiming the colony.

C

One of the advantages the colonists enjoyed in the impending conflict with Britain was a. fighting defensively on a large, agriculturally self-sufficient continent. b. a well-organized and effective political leadership. c. a strong sense of unity among the various colonies. d. the fact that nearly all Americans owned their own firearms. e. a small but effective navy that could harass British shipping.

C

One of the major reasons that the colonies were taxed after the French and Indian War was that the British: pg. 94 a. wanted to punish the colonies for failing to help during the war b. Wanted the colonies to rebel c. needed money to pay for the war d. wanted to ruin the colonial economy

C

The Era of Good Feelings was sharply disrupted by the a. bitter political battles over the Tariff of 1816 and Henry Clay's American System. b. renewal of international tensions with Britain over Canada and the Monroe Doctrine. c. panic of 1819 and the battle over slavery in Missouri. d. nasty presidential campaign of 1820. e. war with the North African Barbary Coast states.

C

The Massachusetts Bay Company was established by: a. religious dissenters known as Pilgrims. b. a Catholic nobleman. c. a group of wealthy Puritans. d. William Penn.

C

The cultivation of tobacco by the English colonists: a. encouraged trade between the settlers and the Indians. b. prompted the English to seek a community of inclusion. c. created pressure for more expansion into Indian territory. d. made Indian slave labor profitable.

C

The first successful example of colonial unity was the ____________. pg. 98 a. Albany Plan b. First Continental Congress c. Stamp Act Congress d. Sugar Act

C

The primary cause of Bacon's Rebellion was: A) Governor Berkeley's harsh treatment of the Indians B) the refusal of landlords to grant indentured servants their freedom C) the poverty and discontent of many single young men unable to acquire land D) the persecution of the colonists by King Charles II

C

The primary value of the New England Confederation lay in a. restoring harmony between Rhode Island and the other New England colonies. b. promoting better relations between New England colonists and their Indian neighbors. c. providing the first small step on the road to intercolonial cooperation. d. defending the colonial rights against increasing pressure from the English kings.

C

The principles expressed by Paine and Jefferson best account for which of the following features of the United States during and immediately after the American Revolution? a. The development of factions and nascent political parties b. The rapid expansion of frontier settlements c. The relatively limited powers of the Articles of Confederation d. The growth of conflict between wealthy elites and poor farmers and laborers

C

The two leading sources of European immigration to America in the 1840s and 1850s were a. France and Italy. b. Germany and France. c. Germany and Ireland. d. Ireland and Norway. e. Britain and the Netherlands.

C

What enabled the Europeans to conquer the Native American peoples? A There were no powerful Native American empires — only weak bands of nomads. B The European invaders greatly outnumbered the Native Americans they encountered. C The Europeans had advanced military technology and also brought with them diseases which ravaged native populations. D The Native Americans were subdued because they were pagans and refused to accept Christianity.

C

What statement correctly describes the status of slaves in the southern British colonies? A It was only temporary and slaves were freed after they worked for their master for a certain number of years. B Slaves inherited the status from their father and as a result had many rights except for suffrage. C Slaves inherited the status from their mothers thus incorporating a strong racial element into colonial society. D Britain banned slavery in the colonies so all slaves were expelled.

C

Which of the following factors put pressure on Native American territory in the southeastern US in the early 19th century? A Rumors of gold and silver deposits on Native American land. B A desire to build factories and canals on Native American land. C Soil depletion pushed farmers west in search of new land. D A desire to punish Native American tribes for supporting Union forces during the Civil War.

C

Which of the following statements correctly summarizes the Monroe Doctrine? A The doctrine was an early example of American isolationist tendencies. B The doctrine forced Spain to liberate all her remaining colonies. C The doctrine meant little without the support of the British navy. D The doctrine resulted in America acquiring many new colonies.

C

Which of the following was not among the groups that produced large numbers of Loyalists? a. Conservative and well-off Americans b. Recent immigrants from Scotland and Ireland c. Presbyterians and Congregationalists d. African Americans e. Members of the Anglican and Quaker churches

C

Which of the following was the most direct effect of the trial of Mr. Zenger? a. His acquittal by the jury resulted in the repeal of the English law against seditious libel. b. The jury's guilty verdict led to Mr. Zenger's imprisonment and stifled colonists' criticism of royal officials. c. His acquittal by the jury was a victory for the concept of freedom of the press in the colonies. d. The hung jury was unable to agree on a verdict so the issue was unresolved.

C

Woman that supported cult of domesticity

Catharine beecher

Treaty of Ghent acted as a ____ _____

Cease fire

Hull house and other settlement houses became

Centers of women's activism and reform efforts to help urban poor

Supreme Court can review states decisions case name

Cohens v virginia

Stamp act importance (4)

Colonists demonstrated willingness to use boycotts and violence instead of legal means British said they had representation and no right for independence Patriots claimed act denied British birthrights Colonists believed they were entitled to all rights and privileges of british

Consequences of war of 1812

Contributed to demise of Federalist Party Intensified nationalism Promote industrialization Advanced andrew Jackson's career

New world crops examples, what did they affect?

Corn, tomatoes, potatoes Dramatic effect on European diet

Jefferson commissioned the (-) to explore and map Louisiana territory

Corps of discovery

Why did cotton become so important

Cotton gin Rich new farmland in Deep South Textile manufacturing in north

. " . . . [A]lthough disastrous for American natives, the post-1492 exchange of New and Old World microbes and plants provided a double boon to Europeans. First, they obtained an expanded food supply that permitted their reproduction at an unprecedented rate. Second, they acquired access to fertile and extensive new lands largely emptied of native peoples by the exported diseases. In effect, the post-Columbian exchange depleted people on the American side of the Atlantic while swelling those on the European and African shores. Eventually, the surplus population flowed westward to refill the demographic vacuum created on the American side of the Atlantic-world." -Alan Taylor, American Colonies. The Settling Of North America, 2001 It is important to remember that the "fertile and extensive new lands" that the Spanish, French, Dutch, and English colonized in the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries had been "largely emptied of native peoples by the exported diseases" because a. most important historical events are caused by climatic and biological changes c. The native peoples failed to prosper despite the fertility of their extensive lands b. The defeat of the native peoples of Americas was due largely to their lack of knowledge d. European conquest of the native peoples was due primarily to the impact of disease

D

5. As described, the Columbian Exchange was significant in. that it had the greatest impact on which group of people? a. Africans, they received a greater variety of foodstuffs from Europe, in turn increasing their population significantly c. Native Americans; they were enslaved by the encomienda system by the thousands b. Europeans; their wealth increased d. Europeans; new, easier-to-grow foodstuffs such as corn and potatoes were brought from the New World and allowed impoverished population groups to survive and increase their numbers

D

American colonies strongly resented the Townshend Acts because: A. They established the Anglican church as the official religion in all colonies B. The taxes imposed in America would be far heavier than taxes in England C. For the first time Britain would impose direct taxes on the colonies D. The revenues would pay salaries for British judges and officials in America E. Parliament had promised never to impose such taxes on the colonies

D

Among the political innovations that first appeared in the election of 1832 were a. political parties and direct popular voting for president. b. newspaper endorsements and public financing of presidential campaigns. c. nomination by congressional caucus and voting by the Electoral College. d. third-party campaigning, national conventions, and party platforms. e. secret ballots and the prohibition on liquor in polling places.

D

In 1846 the U.S. went to war with Mexico for all of the following reasons except a) the ideology of Manifest Destiny b) the deaths of American soldiers at the hands of Mexicans c) the desire to gain payment for damage claims against the Mexican government d) the impulse to satisfy those asking for "spot" resolutions e) Polk's desire to acquire California

D

One advantage the colonists enjoyed over Britain as conflict broke out was: A. An effective, well-organized government B. Adequate financial resources to conduct a war C. Nearly complete unity among the colonies D. Fighting defensively on a large, mostly self-sufficient continent E. Superior officers

D

One important result of President Jackson's destruction of the Bank of the United States was a. a successful economy to hand on to his successor, Van Buren. b. a sounder financial system founded upon thousands of locally controlled banks. c. the American banking system's dependence on European investment and control. d. the lack of a stable banking system to finance the era of rapid industrialization. e. Jackson's equally successful attack on the secretive and elitist Masons.

D

The implementation of nonimportation actions in protest of the Stamp Act was important politically because: A. The French began to support the American cause B. It stimulated colonial manufacturing C. It showed the world the American's commitment to nonviolence D. It aroused revolutionary sentiments among ordinary men and women E. It convinced Parliament it could not tax the colonies without their consent

D

The major reason that western Europe engaged in explorations in the fifteenth century was a. the desire to spread Christianity. b. to export domestic products. c. to control the oceans. d. to expand trade with the non-Christian world. e. to escape the Black Death

D

The passage of the Quebec Act aroused intense American fears because it a. put the French language on an equal standing with English throughout the colonies. b. involved stationing British troops throughout the colonies. c. seemed likely to stir up ethnic divisions within the thirteen colonies south of Canada. d. threatened to make Canada the dominant British colony in North America. e. extended Catholic jurisdiction and a non-jury judicial system into the English-speaking Ohio country.

D

The real significance of William Henry Harrison's victory in the election of 1840 was that it a. constituted a sharp repudiation of Andrew Jackson and Jacksonianism. b. brought a fresh new face to American presidential politics. c. showed that the Whigs could win with a candidate other than Henry Clay. d. showed that the Whigs could practice the new mass democratic politics as successfully as the Democrats. e. showed that the public wanted serious debates as well as noisy "hoopla" in presidential politics.

D

Under the surface of the South's strong opposition to the Tariff of Abominations was a. a desire to develop its own textile industry. b. competition between southern cotton growers and midwestern grain farmers. c. a strong preference for British manufactured goods over American-produced goods. d. a fear of growing federal power that might interfere with slavery. e. a belief that the high tariff would foster immigration and urbanization.

D

What answer best describes Spanish attitudes towards de las Casas' report? A Many Spaniards were horrified by the savage and cruel behavior he described. B Most Spaniards discounted his description because it was Protestant propaganda. C Most Spaniards were incredulous because they realized de las Casas intentionally distorted precise colonial census information. D Generally, Spaniards were unconcerned because they thought Native Americans should be exploited because they were uncivilized.

D

What was the foundation for the prosperous Native American societies in Mexico, Peru, and the Mississippi River Valley? a. Bison hunting b. Gold and silver mining c.Slave trade d. Maize, beans, squash

D

Which law was a direct threat against the colonists' "power of the purse"? pg. 98 a. Proclamation Line b. Quartering Act c. Stamp Act d. Townshend Acts

D

Which of the following statements correctly describes the consequences of European colonization? A The effects of colonization up both Europeans and Native Americans were temporary and very small. B The Europeans helped civilize the Native Americans and improved their quality of life by sharing technology with them. C Both the Europeans and Native Americans became rich and powerful by sharing the profits from economic ventures. D Colonization brought wealth to European imperial powers which resulted in political and economic innovations.

D

Which of the following was NOT an early part of the French colonial system? a. It was based on commerce. b. It was dispersed among the Indian communities. c. Christian conversion was seen as a supplement to Indian life. d. French leaders excluded Indians from their community.

D

Which of the following was the most direct effect of the changes shown in the graph? a. European settlers relied mainly on indentured servants and enslaved Africans for labor b. Trade between European settlers and Native Americans expanded c. Conflicts among Native American groups became more intense d. European settlers were able to gain control over Native American lands

D

Stephen a Douglas was from? Party?

Democrat from Illinois

Two political parties in 1830s-40s. Why?

Democrats vs whigs Henry clay American system vs Jackson's veto of BUS -> panic of 1837

Southerners view on como of 1850 - big supporters?

Didn't go far enough John c Calhoun Daniel webster

What happened to Taylor?

Died in office

Anti federalist did (6)

Drew support from rural areas Argued president = too much power Feared congress would levy high taxes Feared govt would raise standing army Belief national govt would overwhelm states Argued individual rights need to be protected

The KKK first emerged

During radical reconstruction

. One of the ways in which mercantilism harmed the colonial economy was by a. prohibiting colonial merchants from owning and operating their own ships. b. inhibiting the development of banking and paper currency in the colonies. c. forcing the colonists to fall into debt through the purchase of goods on credit. d. forcing Virginia tobacco planters to sell their product only in Britain. e. taxing colonial goods at a higher rate than the same goods produced in Britain.

E

9. The greatest weakness of the government under the Articles of Confederation was that a. it was unable to deal with the issue of western lands. b. it was still too subservient to America's ally, France. c. it had no power to establish relations with foreign governments. d. there was no judicial branch to balance the legislative and executive branches. e. it had no power to regulate commerce or collect taxes from the sovereign states.

E

Bartolomé de Las Casas argued that Indians: a. could be enslaved because they lacked true religion. b. were more akin to beasts than humans. c. should overthrow their cruel Spanish masters and reestablish the Inca and Aztec empires. d. were treated well by the Spanish. e. should enjoy "all guarantees of liberty and justice" as subjects of Spain.

E

During the initial period of fighting between April 1775 and July 1776, the colonists constantly insisted that their goal was a. the removal of all British troops from America. b. to restore their rights within the British Empire. c. complete independence from Britain. d. to end the arbitrary power of King George III to impose taxes on them. e. local autonomy and self-rule within the wider British empire.

E

In the peace negotiations at Paris, the French wanted the new American republic to a. be divided into three smaller nations. b. negotiate a separate peace with Britain. c. guarantee that they would not spread revolutionary ideas in France. d. help France regain Quebec from the British. e. be confined to the territory east of the Appalachian Mountains.

E

The Jacksonian charge that John Quincy Adams won the presidency through a corrupt bargain arose because a. William Crawford threw his electoral votes to Adams in exchange for a seat in the Senate. b. members of the House of Representatives claimed that they had been bribed to vote for Adams. c. Adams ended his previous opposition to Henry Clay's American System. d. Jackson discovered that there had been vote fraud in several pro-Adams states. e. after Henry Clay threw his support to Adams, he was appointed secretary of state.

E

The first American political parties developed primarily because of a. the sectional division over slavery. b. the Founders' belief that organized political opposition was a necessary part of good government. c. the antifederalists' continuing hostility to the legitimacy of the new federal Constitution. d. patriotic opposition to foreign intervention in American domestic affairs. e. the opposition of Thomas Jefferson and his followers to Hamilton's financial policies and enhancement of federal government power.

E

The most intolerable of the Intolerable Acts that the British imposed as punishment for the Boston Tea Party were a. the Quebec Act permitting Catholic expansion and overturning anti-Catholic Massachusetts laws. b. the laws undermining the Massachusetts colonial charter and restricting town meetings. c. the law re-asserting Parliament's right to tax the colonies and doubling the tax on tea. d. the law ending colonial self-governance and imposing martial law on Massachusetts. e. closing the port of Boston and the Quartering Act lodging British soldiers in private homes.

E

Which one of the following was true of French relations with Native Americans? a. The French appropriated significant amounts of land for fur trading. b. The French were proud that they were considered tougher on Indians than their English and Spanish counterparts. c. The French sent nuns to try to Christianize the natives, because they understood that gender relations were different among Native Americans than they were among whites. d. Native Americans resented that the French had no need for their help in the fur trade. e. Jesuit missionaries tried to convert Native Americans, but gave them far more independence than did Spanish missionaries.

E

Why were half way covenants implemented?

Ease the church membership requirements and retain Puritan control

Principles of Monroe doctrine

Eastern and Western Hemispheres have different political systems American continents not open to European colonization European interference will be considered hostile Us protect republican institutions Us Will not interfere with European internal affairs

Marshall was a (-) that promoted

Economic nationalist Promoted growth of business enterprises

Jefferson implemented - foreign policy (date)

Embargo act (1807)

Transportation revolution characteristics

Erie Canal 1825 Canal building until 1850 Steamboats 1820s-30s First railroad 1828

Transportation revolution effects (5)

Erie Canal strengthened political and commercial ties between NYC and Great Lakes - connect east seaboard with New Orleans Open west for settlement and trade Steamboats increase river traffic and lower cost of river transport Railroads give Midwest farmers access to urban markets in east South benefitted the least - continued to grow independently

Significance Marbury v madison

Established judicial review: Supreme Court has decision on which laws are constitutional, kept oversight of congress on national level

Gibbons v Ogden significance

Federal government controls interstate trade - said in the constitution. States can't interfere.

Know nothing party

First nativist political party Direct hostility against catholic immigrants from Ireland and Germany

Anne bradstreet

First notable American poet and first woman published in colonial America

Phillis Wheatley

First published African American poet

(Fletcher v peck significance)

First time Supreme Court invalidated a state law that conflicted with the constitution

(First time Supreme Court invalidated state law case name)

Fletcher v peck

Washington warned against

Forming political parties Making alliances with other nations

Who wrote national anthem? During what? When?

Francis Scott key writes Star-Spangled Banner during bombardment of fort mchenry in Baltimore - 1814

Abolitionists view on comp of 1850

Fugitive slave act is not ok

Atlantic coast and Ohio river tribes became dependent on

Fur trading

McCulloch v Maryland significance

Gave leeway to implied powers, states can't contradict these powers

What did Taylor do before election

General I'm Mexican war

All presidents in order

George Washington john Adams Thomas Jefferson James Madison James Monroe John quincy adams Andrew Jackson Martin van buren William henry Harrison John tyler James k Polk Zachary Taylor Millard Fillmore Franklin pierce James buchanan

Interstate commerce regulated by federal govt case name

Gibbons v Ogden

Growth of free African American population causes

Gradual emancipation laws Manumission granted for rev war service Manumission from slaveholders wills Natural increase

NAACP rejected booker Washington 's

Gradualism and separatism

Hudson River school

Group of artists led by Thomas cole. Painted landscapes emphasizing America's beauty First coherent school of art

Plains Indians used (2) to expand their range and attack (-)

Guns and horses Enemy tribes

Where did New England colonies meet? Why?

Hartford convention To write grievances against US govt

Key players in comp of 1850 (6)

Henry clay Daniel Webster Stephen a douglas John c Calhoun Zachary Taylor -> Millard Fillmore

Old world domesticated animals examples, what did they affect?

Horses cows pigs Life in new world

Book to criticize supporters of compromise - specifically whomst?

Ichabod by john greenleaf Whittier - criticizes Daniel webster

Republican motherhood/cult of domesticity defn

Idealization of women in their roles as wives and mothers Women would be responsible for raising their children to be virtuous citizens of New American republic

Differences in (3) led to diverse patterns of colonization

Imperial goals, cultures, and environments

Due to stalemate, Britain does this (year)

Imposed naval blockade on France and allies (1806)

causes of war of 1812

Impressment Shawnee uprising War hawks American expansionism

Differences - European and indians

Indians did not have concept of private property Indian children were part of mother's clan - matrilineal

Jane Addams

Is best known for founding Hull House in Chicago Not an abolitionist

Battle of New Orleans date

Jan 1815

Who developed concept of republicanism? When?

John locke - glorious revolution (1688)

Nullification was first introduced with (date)

Kentucky and Virginia resolutions (1798)

Impressment defn

Kidnapping of Americans from merchant ships and forcing them to serve in British navy

The irish

Largest number of immigrants in first half of 1800s Settled in urban cities on east coast Worked on Canal and railroad projects

When did slaves replace indentured servants?

Late 1600s

Women's movement antebellum characteristics

Led by middle class women Promoted legal and educational rights Close link with anti slavery/temperance Conventions in northeast and Midwest

(Fletcher v peck ruling)

Legislative grants are contracts that can't be impaired by state laws

The navigation acts were what? Allowed the colonies to what?

Loosely enforced Work out trade agreements with other countries

Taylor home state

Louisiana

Primary goal for jamestown

Make profit for stockholders

Second great awakening - role of women

Making Americans aware of moral issues posed by slavery

Judicial review case name

Marbury v madison

Anne Hutchinson struggled with whom over what

Mass bay authorities over religious doctrine and gender roles

Precontact peoples developed

Mathematically based calendar Irrigation systems Domesticated Maize Multi family dwellings Herbal medicinal treatments Large cities - tenochtitlan

Which native groups were most advanced in new world (3)

Mayas Incas aztecs

Bank is constitutional from implied powers, states can't interfere case name

McCulloch v maryland

American colonization society led by whoms

Middle class evangelicals - james Monroe and Henry clay

Who was William henry Harrison? Nickname?

Militiaman, ole tippecanoe

The tribes in the (-) built (-) and established (-)

Mississippi valley Earthen pyramids Trading networks throughout North America

Who negotiated with Brit for treaty of ghent?

Monroe

First document that included prohibition of slavey

NW ordinance of 1787

1873 slaughterhouse cases and 1883 civil rights cases

Narrowed meaning and effectiveness of fourteenth amendment Weakened the protection given to African Americans under 14th

Congressional actions during civil war (5)

National banking system - national currency Chartered Union Pacific railroad and central pacific - transcontinental railroad Homestead act 1862 High protective tariffs Lincoln carried federalist economic principles

US declares ___ during French Revolution

Neutrality

Gibbons v Ogden ruling

New York can not hold a monopoly and control trade between them and NJ because federal govt controls that

Which colonies opposed the war of 1812?

New england

Key consequence of first great awakening

New light ministers advocated emotional approach to religious practice - weakened authority of old light ministers and established churches

Fillmore home state

New york

Does the embargo help? Result

No, hurts Americans more than everyone else - makes Jefferson unpopular

(-) replaced legislative caucuses

Nominating conventions

Madison replaces embargo with what (date)

Nonintercourse act (1809)

What was the Democratic Party split

Northern democrats - Douglas - pop sovereignty Southern - Breckinridge - extend slavery, slavery legal everywhere, annex cuba

Quakers characteristics (4)

Pacifists - refused to bear arms Advocated freedom of worship and wanted greater role for women in church services Opposed slavery Claimed direct revelation from god for all members and opposed formal clergy

Ruling of Marbury v madison

Part of judiciary act of 1789 is unconstitutional

Why is the election of 1800 called a revolution?

Peaceful transition in power

Transcendentalism defn

Philosophical and literary movement of 1800s that emphasized living simple life and celebrating truth found in nature and in personal emotion and imagination

Lowell System

Plan developed in early 19th century to promote and expand textile manufacturing

Most colonial cities were

Ports that had close economic and cultural relationships with England

Second Great Awakening led to causes like

Prison reform Anti liquor laws

New light ministers did (7)

Promoted growth of new light institutions of higher learning (Princeton, brown, Dartmouth) Sparked missionary spirit that converted many slaves Led to greater appreciation of emotional experiences of faith Added popularity to itinerant ministers Increased women in church congregations Divisions within Presbyterian and congregational churches - more diversity Challenges to religious authority that led to challenges to political authority in 1760s-70s

What did Douglas do for comp of 1850

Proposed that they vote on each comp provision separately - passed and worked out

The first great awakening happened when the

Puritans power diminished

Horace mann

Pushed for universal public education

The navigation acts did what

Put mercantilism into practice (1651)

Stamp act purpose

Raise revenue to support British troops in america

Transcendentalism people

Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David thoreau

Reconstruction focused on

Reorganizing southern governments after civil war and allowing them to reenter union

Kansas Nebraska Act consequences

Repealed the Missouri compromise Permitted expansion of slavery beyond southern states lead to a divisive debate over expansion of slavery into the territories bleeding Kansas split democratic party Ended Whig Party and formed Republican Party

Pennsylvania had a

Representative assembly elected by landowners

Lincoln party

Republican

Jacksonian democracy included

Respect for abilities and aspirations of common man Expansion of white male suffrage Appointment of political supporters to government positions Opposition to privileged eastern elites

What did nonintercourse act do

Resumed all trade with everyone except Britain and france

Most important crop grown in South Carolina in mid 1700s

Rice

American Anti-Slavery Society split into

Rival factions because garrison supported both women's rights and abolitionism

Immigrants from where moved into where during 1700s

Scotch-Irish and German immigrants - Appalachia

New England threatened to ______ in grievances

Secede

What did Millard Fillmore do for comp of 1850?

Signed it after he became president

Contributed to decline of plains Indians (3)

Slaughter of buffalo Spread of epidemics Construction of railroads

"54-40 or fight"

Slogan to get Oregon territory from Britain 1845

Eastern woodlands lived in

Small self governing clans

Utopian communities defn

Small self sufficient communities developed in 19th century in attempt to achieve perfection

Puritans typically lived in

Small villages surrounded by farmland

European Disease example, what did it affect? What American diseases?

Smallpox - decimated new world population Venereal diseases

Principles of republicanism (6)

Sovereignty comes from people. Representation based on population. Republic > monarchy because establishes small limited govt responsible to people Widespread ownership of property Standing armies are dangerous Agrarian life is desirable and virtuous Citizens have right to rebel if their rights are denied

Roger Williams believed what? Helped establish what?

State was improper and ineffectual agent in spiritual concerns Tradition of separation of church and state

What does embargo do

Stop all foreign trade

What did Webster do for comp of 1850

Supported it

Cohens v Virginia significance

Supreme Court can review states decisions if there is a concern about constitutionality, federal law has supremacy over the states

Settlement house workers engaged in

Teaching classes on cooking and dressmaking Publishing reports on deplorable housing conditions Offering literacy and language classes for immigrants Establishing day nurseries for working mothers

Shawnee uprising led by

Tecumseh and the prophet

Battle of New Orleans led to the belief that

The US won the war - nationalism - (era of good feelings)

Columbia's exchange refers to

The exchange of plants animals and diseases between Europe and the new world

What motivated Napoleon to sell Louisiana territory

The failure of French army to suppress Haitian slave revolt

Treaty? Signed where? When?

Treaty of Ghent - Belgium - December 24 1814

Provisions NOT in 1787 constitution

Two term limit for presidents Universal male suffrage Presidential cabinet Direct election of senate by people Political parties

Similarities between natives and europeans

Village communities Strong sense of spirituality Divided labor by gender

Representative government was first introduced to America in the colony of

Virginia

Cohens v Virginia ruling

Virginia won, cohens convicted, but all states "lost" because Supreme Court can review state court cases

Who lead congress in declaring war against Britain - the group, three people in that group

War hawks - young congressmen Henry clay John c. Calhoun Daniel Webster

France's main motivation for supporting America in revolution

Weaken British empire

What did Calhoun do for comp of 1850

Weekly supported it - said it needed work

Fillmore party

Whig

Taylor party

Whig

Only what type of women could own property?

Widows Single women

Concern about pres Taylor with comp of 1850

Will he sign the comp?

Seneca Falls Convention focused on

Women's suffrage Women's right to retain property after marriage Divorce and child custody laws Equal educational opportunities

What did clay do for comp of 1850

Wrote it

Two encounters with France - adams

Xyz affair 2 year naval war - ended on American terms at convention of 1800

Lowell - change in labor

Young unmarried woman 1800-1850 Irish immigrants 1850->

why did anti-masonic party come about

a journalist disappeared secret organization

jefferson abandoned views reasoning

believed in strict constructionism but used loose constructionism when he spent money not allocated by congress on louisiana

albany plan of union whomst

benjamin franklin

american revolution - who did dutch/german/french sides with whomst've? why'll'n't?

british because religious tolerance better under the british

where did the term first lady come from

buchanan's niece, who had large role in the presidency

jefferson domestic affairs second term

burr treason trial

jackson nickname

champion of the common man

who tries to recharter the bank early? Why?

clay and bittle, influence the next election

domestic affair john q adams

corrupt bargain

buchanan party

democrat

franklin pierce party

democrat

martin van buren party

democrat

where did many loyalists go after the war? known as the what?

england and canada, united empire loyalists

domestic affairs van buren

financial panics of 1837 and 1839

albany plan of union purpose

first attempt to unite 13 colonies politically

william henry harrison was/had the

first to die in office longest inaugural address shortest term

party platform did what

gave more perspective to those voting

spoils system did what

gave political office to supporters

crisis of 1839 cause

glut in cotton industry??

john q adams sec of state

henry clay

indentured servants v slavery differences

indentured: 8 out of 10 returned to england, died, or became poor white was on temporary contract time was added as a punishment slavery: converted to christianity permanent usually hereditary - children were slaves too can't marry whites

jackson deserves to be called the champion of the common man because

indian removal gave common man more land supported universal white male suffrage kitchen cabinet as a way to get opinions of common people spoils system gave power to common people nominating convention included common people

jackson does NOT deserve to be called champion of the common man because

indian removal ruined indians lives force bill - denied states rights went against court ruling for the indians imposed tariffs the south opposed

jacksons vp in first term? second term?

john c calhoun. martin van buren.

jackson cabinet member and wife

john eaton - margaret peggy eaton

william henry harrison vp

john tyler

albany plan of union slogan

join or die

franklin pierce domestic affairs

kansas nebraska act bleeding kansas

jackson did what to the bank? how?

kills the bank, went through 3 secretaries of treasury

peggy eaton affair influenced the

kitchen cabinet

how did europeans hurt the natives environment

large farms with inefficient farming methods wasted resources destroyed forests domestic voracious cattle - affected food supply introduced diseases which made native methods die out

which colony recolonized? capital?

liberia, monrovia

factor that influenced difference between spanish and french empires

location - french used native methods for fur trade spanish took over native land and used own methods instead of cooperating

foreign affairs jefferson w/ dates

louisiana purchase 1803 barbary pirates 1803 embargo act 1807

african americans sided with whomst've'll during am revolution? Why?

loyalists because they hoped for freedom if they supported

balleck's reasoning jefferson

main goal was to preserve the republic agricultural society would keep power with common people and states (his political views), so more land is critical to continue the republic

spanish and french american empire similarities

main purpose was to gain wealth for mother country

jackson winning re-election is considered a

mandate from the people

peggy eaton affair explanation

margaret eaton had a divorce pending, lived at home, worked at tavern married john eaton after divorce, but was with him before divorce was final jackson said mrs. calhoun and other cabinet wives need to treat eaton fairly, they refused van buren resigns so jackson can fire whole cabinet - loses trust in cabinet

john q adams home state

massachusetts

killing the bank went against

mcculloch v maryland

main idea about minorities during american revolution

minorities tended to join the loyalists because they were discriminated against by the americans

what president recolonized africa

monroe

the end justifies the means defn

morally wrong actions are sometimes necessary to achieve something right; good outcome = good action

john tyler fun facts

more children than any other president had kids late in life actually annexed texas

expansion of democracy defn

more people involved in the political process

mungo park vs. equiano vs. venture smith - point of view? what did each say? biases?

mungo park - scottish explorer that interviewed slaves, justified slave treatment equiano - african tells slave story - was afraid and sold many times venture smith - put in slavery and paid master for freedom biases: mungo park wasn't in the slave trade; equiano was very emotional; smith was treated better and set free

financial panic of 1837 caused by

national bank killed specie circular??

john q adams party

national republican

pierce home state

new hampshire

martin van buren home state

new york

kitchen cabinet types of people

newspaper writers businessmen

burr was found

not guilty

cabinet defn

official advisers of the president

party platform defn

official stand of the party on issues

william henry harrison home state

ohio

subpoena defn

order to appear in court

planks defn

party's stance on a specific issue

fight between jackson and calhoun reasons (2)

peggy eaton affair nullification crisis

buchanan home state

pennsylvania

what is party platform made out of

planks

corrupt bargain defn

q adams vs jackson - q adams won election in house of reps after jackson won electoral college - jackson believes there was a deal and q adams won

spanish and french empires differences

relationship with natives spanish - worst french - best

buchanan domestic affairs

secession of the south 1860-61

sepulveda vs de las casas explanation

sepulveda - natives are barbaric and we must control them - enslave de las casas - natives are humans with rights, teach them - do not enslave

what did howard zinn believe? get it right or you'll get a 70.

slavery led to racism - indentured servants were treated badly also, and sided with slaves

executive privilege defn

something president can do or can't be forced to do because he's president

what did embargo act do

stopped all trade

what happened to jefferson w/ burr treason trial

subpoenaed

jefferson executive privilege precedent

the president is subject to the law

universal white male suffrage took away

the requirement to own land to vote

nominating convention included

third parties

spoils system quote

to the victor go the spoils

ID: the primary staple crop of early Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina

tobacco

how did europeans in early 1500s view natives? why?

uncivilized, barbaric, poor, violent, cannibals, manipulative. artists in europe drew pictures of natives based on amerigo's letter.

jacksonian democracy 5 parts

universal white male suffrage nominating convention party platform kitchen cabinet spoils system

kitchen cabinet defn

unofficial advisers

john tyler home state

virginia

john tyler party

whig

william henry harrison party

whig

indentured servants vs slavery similarities

worked long hours not fed much disease hard labor bought and sold no education