APUSH Midterm

A-To warn the public that political parties result in national divisions

"I have already intimated [warned] to you the danger of parties in the State, with particular reference to the founding of them on geographical discriminations. Let me now take a more comprehensive view, and warn you in the most solemn manner against the baneful effects of the spirit of party generally. . . . The alternate domination of one faction over another, sharpened by the spirit of revenge, natural to party dissension . . . is itself a frightful despotism. . . . "The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. . . . Taking care always to keep ourselves by suitable establishments on a respectable defensive posture, we may safely trust to temporary alliances for extraordinary emergencies. "Harmony, liberal intercourse with all nations, are recommended by policy, humanity, and interest. But even our commercial policy should hold an equal and impartial hand; neither seeking nor granting exclusive favors or preferences; consulting the natural course of things; diffusing and diversifying by gentle means the streams of commerce, but forcing nothing." George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796 Washington most likely wrote about political parties for which of the following purposes? A To warn the public that political parties result in national divisions B To explain how political parties are good for the economy C To assert that political parties only work in democratic republics D To argue that political parties encourage foreign interference

D. Democratic-Republicans

In the decade following the publication of the image, which of the following groups expressed the most opposition to the exercise of power by the national government? A. Loyalists B. Whigs C. Federalists D. Democratic-Republicans

A. a stronger federal government was a positive step

The image most directly reflects the belief held by many in 1788 that A. a stronger federal government was a positive step B.polictical democracy had not extended far enough C. rebellions in the Carribbean had the potential to spread northward D. outlawing slavery in all states was a desired goal

B. protect the rights not specified in the Constitution

The principal motivation for drafting the Bill of Rights was the desire to A. test the new process of amendment described in the Constitution B. protect the rights not specified in the Constitution C. Strengthen the power of the federal government D. restore powers to the states, the powers they enjoyed during the Articles of Confederation

D-Maintaining economic relationships

"I have already intimated [warned] to you the danger of parties in the State, with particular reference to the founding of them on geographical discriminations. Let me now take a more comprehensive view, and warn you in the most solemn manner against the baneful effects of the spirit of party generally. . . . The alternate domination of one faction over another, sharpened by the spirit of revenge, natural to party dissension . . . is itself a frightful despotism. . . . "The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. . . . Taking care always to keep ourselves by suitable establishments on a respectable defensive posture, we may safely trust to temporary alliances for extraordinary emergencies. "Harmony, liberal intercourse with all nations, are recommended by policy, humanity, and interest. But even our commercial policy should hold an equal and impartial hand; neither seeking nor granting exclusive favors or preferences; consulting the natural course of things; diffusing and diversifying by gentle means the streams of commerce, but forcing nothing." George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796 Supporters of Washington's comments would most likely have agreed with which of the following foreign policies? A Forming a large military B Expanding territorial control C Establishing mutual defense alliances D Maintaining economic relationships

B-Britain and France were at war with each other, and both threatened United States interests.

"I have already intimated [warned] to you the danger of parties in the State, with particular reference to the founding of them on geographical discriminations. Let me now take a more comprehensive view, and warn you in the most solemn manner against the baneful effects of the spirit of party generally. . . . The alternate domination of one faction over another, sharpened by the spirit of revenge, natural to party dissension . . . is itself a frightful despotism. . . . "The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. . . . Taking care always to keep ourselves by suitable establishments on a respectable defensive posture, we may safely trust to temporary alliances for extraordinary emergencies. "Harmony, liberal intercourse with all nations, are recommended by policy, humanity, and interest. But even our commercial policy should hold an equal and impartial hand; neither seeking nor granting exclusive favors or preferences; consulting the natural course of things; diffusing and diversifying by gentle means the streams of commerce, but forcing nothing." George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796 Which of the following best explains why Washington warned against foreign alliances? A No nations attempted to sign commercial agreements with the United States. B Britain and France were at war with each other, and both threatened United States interests. C Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans forced the president to agree to a policy of neutrality. D The power of European empires in the Americas had already begun to decline.

C-The ratification of a constitution that established a stronger central government

"The Declaration of Independence, drawn up by the Continental Congress, was actually a declaration by 'thirteen united States of America' proclaiming that as 'Free and Independent States they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which independent States may of right do.' And the Articles of Confederation, for all the powers it theoretically gave to the Congress, did not in fact alter this independence. . . . Congressional resolutions continued to be mere recommendations which the states were left to enforce. . . . The Confederation was intended to be, and remained, a Confederation of sovereign states." Gordon S. Wood, historian, The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787, published in 1969 The failure of the Articles of Confederation resulted in which of the following changes in the government of the United States? A The immediate end to property qualifications for White male suffrage B The ban on women's political participation under the ideas of republican motherhood C The ratification of a constitution that established a stronger central government D The enactment of the Northwest Ordinance, which outlined the admission process for new states

A Foundational political documents written during the American Revolution

"The Declaration of Independence, drawn up by the Continental Congress, was actually a declaration by 'thirteen united States of America' proclaiming that as 'Free and Independent States they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which independent States may of right do.' And the Articles of Confederation, for all the powers it theoretically gave to the Congress, did not in fact alter this independence. . . . Congressional resolutions continued to be mere recommendations which the states were left to enforce. . . . The Confederation was intended to be, and remained, a Confederation of sovereign states." Gordon S. Wood, historian, The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787, published in 1969 Which of the following does the author use to support his argument about the power of the states under the Confederation? A Foundational political documents written during the American Revolution B Journals written by leaders of the Continental Army C Arguments eventually published as The Federalist papers D Treaties signed with Great Britain and France

D-The inability of the central government to carry out many laws

"The Declaration of Independence, drawn up by the Continental Congress, was actually a declaration by 'thirteen united States of America' proclaiming that as 'Free and Independent States they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which independent States may of right do.' And the Articles of Confederation, for all the powers it theoretically gave to the Congress, did not in fact alter this independence. . . . Congressional resolutions continued to be mere recommendations which the states were left to enforce. . . . The Confederation was intended to be, and remained, a Confederation of sovereign states." Gordon S. Wood, historian, The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787, published in 1969 Which of the following evidence is used by the author to support his argument about state independence? A The ability of state governments to nullify the laws of other states B The ability of the central government to declare war C The inability of state governments to collect taxes D The inability of the central government to carry out many laws

C-The British government increased taxation of colonial goods to help pay off the debt created by the war.

"Today, two hundred and fifty years after the French and Indian War, most Americans are no more familiar with its events and significance than they are with those of the Peloponnesian War. Few know that George Washington struck the first spark of a war that set the British North American frontier ablaze from the Carolinas to Nova Scotia, then spread to Europe, Canada, the Caribbean, West Africa, India, and, finally, the Philippines. Historians call this immense conflict the Seven Years' War; . . . Winston Churchill described it as 'the first world war.'" Fred Anderson, The War That Made America: A Short History of the French and Indian War, 2005 Britain's victory in the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) had which of the following economic consequences for its American colonies? A The British government granted certain American colonists a monopoly on the fur trade without French competition. B The British government paid for the construction of canals to encourage trade between the Great Lakes region and the East Coast. C The British government increased taxation of colonial goods to help pay off the debt created by the war. D The British government forced American merchants to supply the British Royal Navy without payment.

D-The British government attempted to restrict western settlement to reduce tensions between colonists and Native Americans.

"Today, two hundred and fifty years after the French and Indian War, most Americans are no more familiar with its events and significance than they are with those of the Peloponnesian War. Few know that George Washington struck the first spark of a war that set the British North American frontier ablaze from the Carolinas to Nova Scotia, then spread to Europe, Canada, the Caribbean, West Africa, India, and, finally, the Philippines. Historians call this immense conflict the Seven Years' War; . . . Winston Churchill described it as 'the first world war.'" Fred Anderson, The War That Made America: A Short History of the French and Indian War, 2005 The conclusion of the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) had which of the following effects on Native American societies? A Native Americans allied with Great Britain gained the right to become British citizens, angering the colonists. B British and French officials agreed to force Native Americans to move to reservations west of the Mississippi River. C Native Americans gained control of all of the western fur trade with British colonists. D The British government attempted to restrict western settlement to reduce tensions between colonists and Native Americans.

B-Great Britain gained a claim to land extending to the Mississippi River

"Today, two hundred and fifty years after the French and Indian War, most Americans are no more familiar with its events and significance than they are with those of the Peloponnesian War. Few know that George Washington struck the first spark of a war that set the British North American frontier ablaze from the Carolinas to Nova Scotia, then spread to Europe, Canada, the Caribbean, West Africa, India, and, finally, the Philippines. Historians call this immense conflict the Seven Years' War; . . . Winston Churchill described it as 'the first world war.'" Fred Anderson, The War That Made America: A Short History of the French and Indian War, 2005 Which of the following best explains a result of the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) ? A:France sold the Louisiana Territory to Great Britain. B:Great Britain gained a claim to land extending to the Mississippi River. C:Great Britain and Spain established an alliance. D:British Influence over its Northern American colonies decreased

A. The existence of considerable Loyalist opposition to the Patriot cause

"What do we mean by the revolution? The war? That was no part of the revolution; it was only an effect and consequence of it. The revolution was in the minds of the people, and this was effected from 1760 to 1775, in the course of fifteen years, before a drop of blood was shed at Lexington." John Adams, former president of the United States, letter to Thomas Jefferson, former president of the United States, 1815 Which of the following factors most directly contradicted Adams' theory about the Revolution?term-12 A. The existence of considerable Loyalist opposition to the Patriot cause B. The existence of significant social and economic developments C. The importance of colonial military victories in bringing about independence D. The importance of support from European allies in defeating the British

A. Renewed efforts by Great Britain to consolidate imperial control over the colonies

"What do we mean by the revolution? The war? That was no part of the revolution; it was only an effect and consequence of it. The revolution was in the minds of the people, and this was effected from 1760 to 1775, in the course of fifteen years, before a drop of blood was shed at Lexington." John Adams, former president of the United States, letter to Thomas Jefferson, former president of the United States, 1815 Which of the following is the most likely reason why Adams dates the beginning of the Revolution to the 1760s? A. Renewed efforts by Great Britain to consolidate imperial control over the colonies B. The forging of American Indian political alliances with European powers C. Increased involvement of colonial merchants in the Atlantic economy D. The expansion of the colonial population into the interior of the continent