apush period chapter 20-24 retest study

"The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theater and causing a panic. . . . The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent. It is a question of proximity and degree. When a nation is at war, many things that might be said in time of peace are such a hindrance to its effort that their utterance will not be endured so long as men fight, and that no Court could regard them as protected by any constitutional right." Majority opinion of the United States Supreme Court in Schenck v. United States, 1919 The Schenck case emerged most directly from the context of which of the following?

Critiques by radicals of United States foreign policy

(picture of communsit lifting up american flag with anarchy) The sentiments expressed in the image helped prompt Congress to take which of the following actions in the 1920s?

Establishing restrictive immigration quotas

What form of government did the war-making nations of the late 1930s have in common?

Fascism

Which of the following was the immediate cause for American entry into World War I?

Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare

Which of the following statements characterizes President Theodore Roosevelt's approach to the nation's natural resources?

He was a conservationist who tried to balance commercial and public interests.

Which of the following statements characterizes consumer spending during the 1920s?

Installment buying boosted consumerism.

"Is a tractor bad? Is the power that turns the long furrows wrong? If this tractor were ours, it would be good—not mine, but ours. . . . We could love that tractor then as we have loved this land when it was ours. But this tractor does two things—it turns the land and turns us off the land. There is little difference between this tractor and a tank. The people are driven, intimidated, hurt by both." John Steinbeck, novelist, The Grapes of Wrath, 1939 Which of the following was the most direct effect of conditions such as those described in the excerpt?

Internal migration in search of better economic opportunities

The ideas expressed through the image reveal that in 1901, which of the following was most true of the United States?

Interventionism had become a more prevalent feature of foreign policy.

Why did President McKinley and the Republicans jump at the chance to hold the Philippine Islands?

It provided the United States with a major foothold in the western Pacific and access to Asian markets.

Which of these statements describes the America First Committee?

Its intent was to keep the nation out of war.

Which of the following pairs is properly matched?

Lend-Lease—allowed the distribution of arms and equipment to Britain

What was the outcome of the stock market crash of October 1929?

Many middle-class Americans without stock investments lost their life savings when banks failed.

"Is a tractor bad? Is the power that turns the long furrows wrong? If this tractor were ours, it would be good—not mine, but ours. . . . We could love that tractor then as we have loved this land when it was ours. But this tractor does two things—it turns the land and turns us off the land. There is little difference between this tractor and a tank. The people are driven, intimidated, hurt by both." John Steinbeck, novelist, The Grapes of Wrath, 1939 Situations such as those described in the excerpt were most directly addressed by

New Deal government programs

saq #2

One event that depicts the image above was when Calvin Coolidge campaigned for the election in 1924 he called for limited government and wanted tax cuts for businesses. This meant big business would have more lassiez faire type way of running business and have less money to pay out (bigger profit for them). Which is why many believed that Coolidge favored big business. Also when President Coolidge vetoed the mcnary_Haugen Bill of 1927 and 1928, to help out the farmers (where they got federal money) it was seen every clear as he idealized big business (manufacturing businesses).

"Is a tractor bad? Is the power that turns the long furrows wrong? If this tractor were ours, it would be good—not mine, but ours. . . . We could love that tractor then as we have loved this land when it was ours. But this tractor does two things—it turns the land and turns us off the land. There is little difference between this tractor and a tank. The people are driven, intimidated, hurt by both." John Steinbeck, novelist, The Grapes of Wrath, 1939 Which of the following movements expressed ideas most similar to the ideas expressed in the excerpt?

Populism in the 1890s and early 1900s

" The central task of the New Deal . . . might be either social reform in a restored economy, or political stabilization in a disintegrating society, or, most likely and most urgently, economic recovery itself. . . . In fact, these three purposes—social reform, political realignment, and economic recovery— owed and counter owed throughout the entire history of the New Deal. . . . Perhaps precisely because the economic crisis of the Great Depression was so severe and so durable, Roosevelt would have an unmatched opportunity to effect major social reforms and to change the very landscape of American politics." — David M. Kennedy, historian, Freedom from Fear 1929-1945, published in 1999 The New Deal drew most directly on which of the following earlier sets of ideas?

Progressivism

How did the United States acquire the land it needed to build the Panama Canal?

The United States lent covert assistance to free Panama from Colombia.

Which of the following most directly led to the circumstances illustrated by the image?

The United States victory in the Spanish-American War

Which of the following American philosophies influenced Herbert Hoover's initial response to the economic downturn in the early 1930s?

The market is self-regulating and government should not intervene during a downturn.

Which of the following statements was true of the Harlem Renaissance?

The most visible part of the Harlem Renaissance to most whites was jazz music.

saq #1

The point of view expressed in that Calvin Coolidge cared for big businesses and that was his pride. He is seen giving them praise as they get bigger (big man dancing ) and profit more. They see them as the reason big business can prosper. It also shows him giving praise which means Trying to show that, that was his main focus (helping out big business)

"The peace-loving nations must make a concerted effort in opposition to those violations of treaties and those ignorings of humane instincts which today are creating a state of international anarchy and instability from which there is no escape through mere isolation or neutrality. "Those who cherish their freedom and recognize and respect the equal right of their neighbors to be free and live in peace, must work together for the triumph of law and moral principles in order that peace, justice and confidence may prevail in the world. There must be a return to a belief in the pledged word, in the value of a signed treaty. There must be recognition of the fact that national morality is as vital as private morality." -President Franklin Roosevelt, Quarantine Speech, 1937 The excerpt best reflects an effort by Roosevelt to

overcome opposition to participation in the impending Second World War

Which of the following facilitated the emergence of gay and lesbian communities in cities like New York, San Francisco, Chicago, and Buffalo during the World War II years?

Wartime migration

Senator Huey Long from Louisiana became a major political threat to Roosevelt when he called for

a national Share Our Wealth movement to redistribute income fairly.

(picture of communist lifting up the american flag with a torch that says anarchy) The concerns expressed in the image contributed most directly to

government repression of radicals

" The central task of the New Deal . . . might be either social reform in a restored economy, or political stabilization in a disintegrating society, or, most likely and most urgently, economic recovery itself. . . . In fact, these three purposes—social reform, political realignment, and economic recovery— owed and counter owed throughout the entire history of the New Deal. . . . Perhaps precisely because the economic crisis of the Great Depression was so severe and so durable, Roosevelt would have an unmatched opportunity to effect major social reforms and to change the very landscape of American politics." — David M. Kennedy, historian, Freedom from Fear 1929-1945, published in 1999 The "political realignment" described in the excerpt contributed most directly to the

greater identification of working-class communities with the Democratic Party

After Roosevelt won the presidency in his own right in 1904, he did which of the following?

implemented his Square Deal by stepping up his attacks on American trusts

"Is a tractor bad? Is the power that turns the long furrows wrong? If this tractor were ours, it would be good—not mine, but ours. . . . We could love that tractor then as we have loved this land when it was ours. But this tractor does two things—it turns the land and turns us off the land. There is little difference between this tractor and a tank. The people are driven, intimidated, hurt by both." John Steinbeck, novelist, The Grapes of Wrath, 1939

no answer question 9he left it blanjk)

"The system of quotas . . . was the first major pillar of the Immigration Act of 1924. The second provided for the exclusion of persons ineligible to citizenship. . . . Ineligibility to citizenship and exclusion applied to the peoples of all the nations of East and South Asia. Nearly all Asians had already been excluded from immigration. . . . The exclusion of persons ineligible to citizenship in 1924 . . . completed Asiatic exclusion. . . . Moreover, it codified the principle of racial exclusion into the main body of American immigration and naturalization law." Mae M. Ngai, historian, Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America, 2004 The Immigration Act of 1924 produced highly discriminatory results because it

placed restrictions on immigration by national origin, ethnicity, and race

Which of the following was a result of the laws passed to disenfranchise blacks across the South in the 1890s and early 1900s?

segregation laws barring blacks from public and private places such as hotels, parks, and public drinking fountains were passed.

"The system of quotas . . . was the first major pillar of the Immigration Act of 1924. The second provided for the exclusion of persons ineligible to citizenship. . . . Ineligibility to citizenship and exclusion applied to the peoples of all the nations of East and South Asia. Nearly all Asians had already been excluded from immigration. . . . The exclusion of persons ineligible to citizenship in 1924 . . . completed Asiatic exclusion. . . . Moreover, it codified the principle of racial exclusion into the main body of American immigration and naturalization law." Mae M. Ngai, historian, Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America, 2004 The Immigration Act of 1924 most directly reflected

social tensions emerging from the First World War

When Japanese troops occupied the northern part of French Indochina in 1940,

the United States restricted trade with Japan, including fuel and scrap metal vital to Japan's war effort.

Korematsu v. United States legitimized

the forced internment of Japanese Americans into relocation camps.

The developments referenced by the image most directly contributed to United States involvement in

the suppression of an independence movement in the Philippines

women ordnance worker poster (the girl he left behind) the poster most likely reflects the

wartime mobilization of United States society

"In 1789 the flag of the Republic waved over 4,000,000 souls in thirteen states, and their savage territory which stretched to the Mississippi, to Canada, to the Floridas. The timid minds of that day said that no new territory was needed; and, for the hour, they were right. But [Thomas] Jefferson, through whose intellect the centuries marched; Jefferson, who dreamed of Cuba as an American state; Jefferson, the first Imperialist of the Republic—Jefferson acquired that imperial territory which swept from the Mississippi to the mountains, from Texas to the British possessions, and the march of the flag began! . . . Jefferson, strict constructionist of constitutional power though he was, obeyed the Anglo-Saxon impulse within him. . . . And now obeying the same voice that Jefferson heard and obeyed, that [Andrew] Jackson heard and obeyed, that [James] Monroe heard and obeyed, that [William] Seward heard and obeyed, that [Ulysses] Grant heard and obeyed, that [Benjamin] Harrison heard and obeyed, our President today plants the flag over the islands of the seas, outposts of commerce, citadels of national security, and the march of the flag goes on!" Albert J. Beveridge, candidate for United States Senate, "The March of the Flag" speech, 1898 Based on the excerpt, Beveridge would have most likely opposed which of the following?

Antiexpansionist groups that advocated Filipino independence

What changes occurred in American trade with the Allies and the Central Powers between 1914 and 1916?

Commerce with the Allies rose nearly fourfold, while it dwindled with the Central Powers.

" The central task of the New Deal . . . might be either social reform in a restored economy, or political stabilization in a disintegrating society, or, most likely and most urgently, economic recovery itself. . . . In fact, these three purposes—social reform, political realignment, and economic recovery— owed and counter owed throughout the entire history of the New Deal. . . . Perhaps precisely because the economic crisis of the Great Depression was so severe and so durable, Roosevelt would have an unmatched opportunity to effect major social reforms and to change the very landscape of American politics." — David M. Kennedy, historian, Freedom from Fear 1929-1945, published in 1999 Which of the following most strongly sought to limit the scope of New Deal actions described in the excerpt?

Conservatives in Congress and on the Supreme Court

"The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theater and causing a panic. . . . The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent. It is a question of proximity and degree. When a nation is at war, many things that might be said in time of peace are such a hindrance to its effort that their utterance will not be endured so long as men fight, and that no Court could regard them as protected by any constitutional right." Majority opinion of the United States Supreme Court in Schenck v. United States, 1919 The restrictions imposed by the Schenck decision most directly contradicted which of the following earlier developments in the United States?

Protection of liberties through the adoption of the Bill of Rights in 1791

Which of the following was Roosevelt's initial response to the Supreme Court's declaration that the NRA, the AAA, and other New Deal legislation were unconstitutional?

Roosevelt attempted to pack the Court with his own nominees.

Which of the following caused the severe recession in 1937 and 1938?

Roosevelt, Congress, and the Federal Reserve cut spending and attempted to balance the budget.

Which of the following statements describes the proceedings against Sacco and Vanzetti?

Scholars still debate their guilt, but most agree that they did not receive a fair trial.

"In 1789 the flag of the Republic waved over 4,000,000 souls in thirteen states, and their savage territory which stretched to the Mississippi, to Canada, to the Floridas. The timid minds of that day said that no new territory was needed; and, for the hour, they were right. But [Thomas] Jefferson, through whose intellect the centuries marched; Jefferson, who dreamed of Cuba as an American state; Jefferson, the first Imperialist of the Republic—Jefferson acquired that imperial territory which swept from the Mississippi to the mountains, from Texas to the British possessions, and the march of the flag began! . . . Jefferson, strict constructionist of constitutional power though he was, obeyed the Anglo-Saxon impulse within him. . . . And now obeying the same voice that Jefferson heard and obeyed, that [Andrew] Jackson heard and obeyed, that [James] Monroe heard and obeyed, that [William] Seward heard and obeyed, that [Ulysses] Grant heard and obeyed, that [Benjamin] Harrison heard and obeyed, our President today plants the flag over the islands of the seas, outposts of commerce, citadels of national security, and the march of the flag goes on!" Albert J. Beveridge, candidate for United States Senate, "The March of the Flag" speech, 1898 Beveridge's ideas in the excerpt best support which of the following positions commonly expressed at the time?

The right of the United States to assert power over foreign lands is God given.

" The central task of the New Deal . . . might be either social reform in a restored economy, or political stabilization in a disintegrating society, or, most likely and most urgently, economic recovery itself. . . . In fact, these three purposes—social reform, political realignment, and economic recovery— owed and counter owed throughout the entire history of the New Deal. . . . Perhaps precisely because the economic crisis of the Great Depression was so severe and so durable, Roosevelt would have an unmatched opportunity to effect major social reforms and to change the very landscape of American politics." — David M. Kennedy, historian, Freedom from Fear 1929-1945, published in 1999 Which of the following historical evidence could best be used to support Kennedy's argument in the excerpt?

Thee passage of legislation providing unemployment insurance

"The peace-loving nations must make a concerted effort in opposition to those violations of treaties and those ignorings of humane instincts which today are creating a state of international anarchy and instability from which there is no escape through mere isolation or neutrality. "Those who cherish their freedom and recognize and respect the equal right of their neighbors to be free and live in peace, must work together for the triumph of law and moral principles in order that peace, justice and confidence may prevail in the world. There must be a return to a belief in the pledged word, in the value of a signed treaty. There must be recognition of the fact that national morality is as vital as private morality." -President Franklin Roosevelt, Quarantine Speech, 1937 The ideas expressed in the excerpt differed from the prevailing United States approach to foreign policy issues primarily in that Roosevelt was

arguing to expand the role of the United States in the world

(picture was the girl he left behind poster) the poster was intended to

convince women that they had an essential role in the war effort

"In 1789 the flag of the Republic waved over 4,000,000 souls in thirteen states, and their savage territory which stretched to the Mississippi, to Canada, to the Floridas. The timid minds of that day said that no new territory was needed; and, for the hour, they were right. But [Thomas] Jefferson, through whose intellect the centuries marched; Jefferson, who dreamed of Cuba as an American state; Jefferson, the first Imperialist of the Republic—Jefferson acquired that imperial territory which swept from the Mississippi to the mountains, from Texas to the British possessions, and the march of the flag began! . . . Jefferson, strict constructionist of constitutional power though he was, obeyed the Anglo-Saxon impulse within him. . . . And now obeying the same voice that Jefferson heard and obeyed, that [Andrew] Jackson heard and obeyed, that [James] Monroe heard and obeyed, that [William] Seward heard and obeyed, that [Ulysses] Grant heard and obeyed, that [Benjamin] Harrison heard and obeyed, our President today plants the flag over the islands of the seas, outposts of commerce, citadels of national security, and the march of the flag goes on!" Albert J. Beveridge, candidate for United States Senate, "The March of the Flag" speech, 1898 Beveridge's speech was written in the context of

debates in the aftermath of war with Spain

The GI Bill of Rights provided

education, medical care, pensions, and mortgage loans to veterans.