APUSH test 1 (questions)

Bacon's rebellion was a response to: A. worsening economic conditions in Virginia B. increased slavery in the Carolinas C. Indians attacks in New England D. the Glorious Revolution in England E. the Salem witch trials

A. worsening economic conditions in Virginia

How did European colonists primarily fill labor needs in the New World in the 17th century?

Enslavement of native peoples and indenture of Europeans

Which one of the following statements about Spanish America is true?

Spanish America evolved into a hybrid culture part Spanish, part American Indian, and, in some areas, part African.

Why did plantation-based economies, like the one in the image, develop in the Chesapeake and Southern colonies rather than in the Middle and New England colonies?

The climate of the Middle and New England colonies did not support large-scale agriculture.

"Anglicization" meant all of the following except that

colonists were determined to speak English as perfectly as those who lived in England

As a result of British landowners evicting peasants from their lands in the 16th and 17th centuries

efforts were made to encourage those who had been evicted to settle in the New World, thereby easing the British population crisis.

Early French explorations of the New World

focused on the St. Lawrence, Mississippi, and Ohio rivers

In the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire in North America

involved subjugation of the indigenous peoples through the ecomienda system

Roger Williams argued that: A. Church and state must be totally separated. B. Puritans must stay in the Church of England and reform it. C. Religious wars were necessary to protect not only religion, but also freedom. D. Puritans were on a divine mission to spread the true faith. E. Only John Winthrop was capable of explaining the word of God.

A. Church and state must be totally separated.

Why was the death rate in early Jamestown so high? A. It lay beside a malarial swamp. B. The ample food was full of botulism. C. It was not high; mos of the colonists survived. D. Constant Native American attacks decimated the population. E. Many of the colonists committed suicide.

A. It lay beside a malarial swamp.

Why did the accusations of witchcraft in Salem suddenly snowball in 1692? A. The only way to avoid prosecution was to confess and name others. B. When Tituba testified, the issue became racial and divided the town. C. All of the accused were children, and Puritans were determined to force their young to accept their religious traditions or face death. D. The colonial capital had just been moved to Salem, upsetting the normally staid town. E. They did not; actually, the number of accusations was average and Salem was highly overrated as a place for charges of witchcraft.

A. The only way to avoid prosecution was to confess and name others.

Why did England consider Spain its enemy by the late 1500s? A. because of the religious differences: England had officially broken with the Roman Catholic Church while Spain was devoutly Catholic B. because of the Spanish Armada's successful invasion of Great Britain in 1588. C. because Spain had allied with France to invade English colonies in the New World. D. because one of Henry VIII's beheaded wives was a Spanish princess and the Spanish government announced it would be at war with England until Henry apologized. E. because both the English and Spanish royal families laid claim to the Irish throne.

A. because of the religious differences: England had officially broken with the Roman Catholic Church while Spain was devoutly Catholic

Which of the following is the best explanation for the information shown in the graph?

African Slave Trade

Which of the following ideas about the nature of African labor in the British colonies does the image best support?

African enslavement was a critical component of the agricultural economy in the Chesapeake colonies.

How did English colonization affect the Iroquois Confederacy?

After a series of complex negotiations, both groups aided each other's imperial ambitions.

Which one of the following is true of agriculture in Spanish America?

American Indian slaves did the work on large-scale farms.

How did trade with native populations contribute to political instability in the American colonies?

American Indians armed with European guns used them to defend their territory against frontier settlers and their livestock, increasing demand for frontier defense policy.

Who are the "gentle lambs" according to Las Casas?

American indians

Europeans generally believed all of the following about Indians EXCEPT that: A. Indians lacked genuine religion B. Indians had enormous potential to assimilate European ways. C. Indians males were weak and they mistreated women. D. Indians did not use the land and thus had no claim to it. E. Indians were not much better than slaves.

B. Indians had enormous potential to assimilate European ways.

Which of the following was true of the colonial elite? a. As with the mother country, the colonies had a titled aristocracy. B. They controlled colonial government. C. They often encountered financial trouble because they lacked connections to their counterparts back in the mother country. D. Most of them were as wealthy as, of not wealthier than, the British aristocracy. E. All of them were careful to marry outside of their families.

B. They controlled colonial government.

As English colonial society became more structured in the eighteenth century, what were the effects on women? A. They received more legal rights, such as the right to own property in their own names. B. Women's work became more clearly defined as tied closely to the home. C. Their workloads decreased thanks to technological advances such as the spinning wheel and to declining infant mortality rates. D. Women were permitted to practice law. E. Women bore so fewer children that population levels slightly declined in the 1740s, then stabilized until the American Revolution.

B. Women's work became more clearly defined as tied closely to the home.

Amerigo Vespucci: A. named the world after himself B. helped correct Columbus's belief that he had found a sea route Asia C. agreed with Columbus that the Native Americans he encountered were East Indians D. was funded by the English E. actually named the land Vespucci but the name was changed

B. helped correct Columbus's belief that he had found a sea route Asia

What did English settlers in North America believe was the basis of liberty? A. literacy B. land C. the English Bill of Rights D. church membership E. a wage-paying job

B. land

To entice settlers to Virginia, the Virginia Company established the headright system, which: A. granted religious freedom B. provided land to settlers who paid for their own passage or the passage of someone else. C. brought slavery to the colony D. promised every single man a bride. E. enslaved Indians

B. provided land to settlers who paid for their own passage or the passage of someone else.

What was William Penn's most fundamental principle? A. voting rights for all adult men B. religious freedom C. communally owned property D. economic liberty E. support for women's suffrage

B. religious freedom

According to the economic theory known as mercantilism: A. merchants should control the government because they contributed more than others to national wealth. B. the government should regulate economic activity so as to promote national power. C. the government should encourage manufacturing and commerce by keeping its hands off of the economy. D. colonies existed as a place for the mother country to send raw materials to be turned into manufactured goods. E. England wanted the right to sell goods in France, but to only non-Catholic buyers.

B. the government should regulate economic activity so as to promote national power.

Maryland was similar to Virginia in that: A. both started out as proprietary colonies. B. tobacco proved crucial to its economy and society. C. John Smith had to take over the colony and organize its settlers to work. D. both offered settlers total religious freedom. E. the king approved the creation of each colony only because of pressure from parliament.

B. tobacco proved crucial to its economy and society.

Why were the Spanish interested in extending their claim into North America?

Bases and missions further north would help protect their land claims and trans-ocean shipping from European rivals.

Why were the Spanish interested in extending their claim into North America? (4 points)

Bases and missions further north would help protect their land claims and trans-ocean shipping from European rivals.

How did pirates and smugglers reflect a growing sense of autonomy among British colonists in the 17th century?

Both groups developed an independent political culture separate from the British monarchy.

Why wasn't slavery prevalent in the northern colonies? A. Northern whites were not as racist as southern whites. B. It was too expensive to transport slaves to the North. C. The small farms of the northern colonies did not need slaves. D. More reformers lived in the North. E. the northern colonies used Indian labor instead.

C. The small farms of the northern colonies did not need slaves.

Which statement about gender relations is FALSE for most Native American societies? A. Men and women engaged in premarital sex. B. It was acceptable for a woman to seek a divorce. C. Tribal leaders were almost always women. D. Women owned dwellings and tools. E. Societies were matrilineal.

C. Tribal leaders were almost always women.

In its early years, Carolina was the "colony of a colony" because its original settlers included many: A. former indentured servants from Virginia B. supporters of Anne Hutchinson seeking refuge from Massachusetts C. landless sons of wealthy planters in Barbados. D. protestants upset over Catholic rule in Maryland E. planters from Cuba hoping to expand their sugar cane empires.

C. landless sons of wealthy planers in Barbados

What was Virginia's "gold," which ensured its survival and prosperity? A. cotton B. fur C. tobacco D. indigo E. sugar

C. tobacco

What was ironic about the Act of Toleration?

Catholics still faced discrimination as protection was aimed at various Protestant groups.

The song excerpt reflects the concept of syncretism by showing that

Christianity and traditional African beliefs were both followed

"Legislators decided that baptism would no longer free "slaves by birth." ... [This cut] off an important avenue by which African slaves had demanded release from bondage."—Kenneth Morgan, from Slavery in America Which of the following is the "avenue" enslaved African people tried using to justify freedom?

Conversion to Christianity

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the slave trade in the eighteenth-century Atlantic world? A. Slaves were bought and sold in the Atlantic world as part of a series of trading routes that also involved British manufactured goods and colonial products such as tobacco and sugar. B. The Atlantic slave trade was a vital part of world commerce in the 1700s. C. Even those in areas where slavery was only a minor institution, such as Massachusetts and Rhode Island, profited from the slave trade. D. Slightly more than half of slaves from Africa were taken to mainland North America (what became the United States) E. Many slaves died of diseases on board slave ships during the Middle Passage.

D. Slightly more than half of slaves from Africa were taken to mainland North America (what became the United States)

The Mayflower Compact established: A. religious toleration and freedom in Massachusetts. B. the right to emigrate to America. C. a company chartered to settle New England. D. a civil government for the Plymouth colony. E. peaceful relations between English colonists and Indians in Rhode Island.

D. a civil government for the Plymouth colony.

The transatlantic flow of people and goods such as corn, potatoes, horses, and sugar cane is called: A.globalization B. the Colombian Exchange C. the Great Circuit D. the Atlantic system E. trade

D. the Colombian Exchange

Why did slave labor in the Chesapeake region increasingly supplant indentured servitude during the last two decades of the 17th century?

Declining death rates made it more economical to purchase a slave for life.

What geographic error did Columbus make? A. He grossly underestimated the size of the earth. B. He thought the earth was not round, but flat. C. He was certain that India was east of the Americas. D. He expected the weather in India to be the same as in the North Atlantic. E. He confused the Atlantic Ocean with the Indian Ocean

E. He confused the Atlantic Ocean with the Indian Ocean

Which one of the following lists these colonies in the proper chronological order by the dated they were founded from the earliest to latest? A. Plymouth, Jamestown, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island B. Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, Jamestown C. Jamestown, Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Rhode Island D. Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Rhode Island, Jamestown E. Jamestown, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island

E. Jamestown, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island

What commodity drove the African slave trade in Brazil and the West Indies during the seventeenth century? A. tobacco B. indigo C. silver D. cotton E. sugar

E. sugar

"Anglicization" meant all of the following EXCEPT: A. colonists were determined to speak English as perfectly as those who lived in England. B. colonists imported the latest London fashions and literature. C. the colonial elite modeled their homes on the English gentry's estates and townhouses. D. those colonists who could afford to do so often sent their sons to England to be educated. E. the upper-class colonists often had coats of arms designed for their families, as the upper-class did in England.

E. the upper-class colonists often had coats of arms designed for their families, as the upper-class did in England.

How did people in the New World empires, like the Yoruba, protect their sense of cultural identity?

Enslaved people publicly accepted Christianity while privately maintaining traditional beliefs.

African society did not practice slavery before Europeans came.

False

Bacon's Rebellion was caused by a conflict between blacks and whites in Virginia.

False

Most of those accused of witchcraft in Salem were young children.

False

Puritans believed that the Church of England was not in need of reform.

False

Under English law, women held many legal rights and privileges.

False

What does the seal of New Netherland, adopted by the Dutch West India Company in 1630, suggest is central to the colony's economic prospects?

Fur

How did events of the 1680s, such as the Dominion of New England, inspire colonial resistance to British control?

Ideas of the Enlightenment assured British colonists in their belief in having rights such as self-government as British citizens.

The main point of this excerpt best reflects which of the following ideas?

Imperial competition in the New World

What was the primary purpose of additions to the Navigation Acts such as the Wool Act and the Molasses Act?

Increase control over colonies

"That He the said William Buckland shall and will, as a faithful Covenant Servant, well and truly serve the said Thomas Mason his Executors and assigns in the Plantation of Virginia beyond the Seas, for the Space of Four Years, next ensuing his Arrival in the said Plantation in the Employment of a Carpenter and Joiner." Which of the following document types best describes this excerpt?

Indenture contract

Just as the Reconquista of Spain from the Moors established patterns that would be repeated in Spanish New World colonization, the methods used in which one of the following countries anticipated policies England would undertake in America?

Ireland

What is significant about the Pequot War of 1637?

It ended the Pequot Indians as a threat to British colonial settlements.

How did the Virginia Company reshape the colony's development?

It instituted the headright system, giving 50 acres of land to each colonist who paid for his own or another's passage.

"Be it therefore enacted and declared by this present grand assembly, that all children borne in this country shalbe held bond or free only according to the condition of the mother." Which of the following is a true statement about this text?

It is part of a law created in order to classify as slaves the children of enslaved women.

Why was the Dominion of New England opposed by the British colonists?

It restricted or abolished their community laws and was run by a governor who did not need approval from any elected citizen group

Why was the Dominion of New England opposed by the British colonists? (4 points)

It restricted or abolished their community laws and was run by a governor who did not need approval from any elected citizen group.

"The loss to the English in the several colonies, in their habitations and stock, is reckoned to amount to £150,000. there having been about 1,200 houses burned, 8,000 head of cattle, great and small, killed, and many thousand bushels of wheat, peas and other grain burned ... and upward of 3,000 Indians men women and children destroyed."—Edward Randolph Which of the following conflicts does Randolph describe in this quote?

King Philip's War

Which of the following is a correct characteristic of New France?

Maintained more peaceful European-American Indian relations than existed in New Spain

Which of the following describes a person of mixed ancestry in the Spanish Empire?

Mestizo

"Put yourself in the place of the planter searching for labor. You can buy either servants or slaves ... In the long run, the more expensive slave would have been the better buy."—James West Davidson and Mark Hamilton Lytle Why were slaves a smarter choice for Virginian planters, according to Davidson and Lytle?

Planters purchased slaves for life and so received more value and labor for their money.

"But the government of the Massachusetts ... do declare there are the great evils for which God hath given the heathen commission to rise against them ... For men wearing long hair and periwigs made of women hair; for women ... cutting, curling, and laying out the hair ... For profanes in the people not frequenting their meetings."—Edward Randolph What is the significance of mentioning hair styling in this text excerpt?

Randolph calls certain hairstyles "evils," as seen by the Massachusetts Puritan government, which are reasons that God supposedly approved of King Philip's attacks on the English.

Which of the following European events did not contribute to the Anglicization of the British colonies?

Reconquista

Which of the following is an example of syncretism as a method of cultural preservation in the Americas?

Santería

What did the Black Legend describe?

Spain as a uniquely brutal colonizer

How did tobacco and other cash crops factor in to the development of slavery in the Americas?

Such crops required more labor than could be adequately met through immigration or indenture.

How do the events described in this excerpt connect to rivalry with another European power?

The English unofficially allowed pirates to attack Spanish ships to undermine Spain's position of power in the Americas.

Which European country dominated international commerce in the early 17th century?

The Netherlands

What was the result of privileges and liberties being guaranteed in Pennsylvania?

The colony grew rapidly and became more diverse than other English colonies.

Which of the following reflects the economic theory of mercantilism?

The government should regulate economic activity so as to promote national power.

Which of the following is a true statement about the people represented in this graph?

The vast majority were enslaved in the Caribbean and South American colonies.

How is a combining of cultures reflected in the song excerpt?

The words reflect both Christian and traditional African beliefs.

On what did Europeans—particularly the English, French, and Dutch—base their claim to North American Indian land?

Their view that Indians did not use the land properly

Why did warfare between colonists and American Indians during the 17th century generate a sense of superiority among the colonists?

They considered the American Indians' style of fighting to be not just unethical but also savage.

Which of the following is a true statement about the people represented in this graph?

They found various ways to resist migration and enslavement, such as escape.

Which of the following is true of the Navigation Acts for most of the 17th century?

They were not strictly enforced for many years

Which of the following was the strongest motivation for the European powers, such as England and France, to explore and make territorial claims in the Americas?

They witnessed and felt threatened by the growing value of Spain's colonial economy and trade.

What motivated the Portuguese to begin exploration to find a water route to India, China, and the East Indies?

To eliminate Muslim "middlemen" in the luxury goods trade

What was the primary reason that William Penn granted religious freedom in his colony?

To encourage settlers to come to his colony

What was Virginia's "gold" that ensured its survival and prosperity?

Tobacco

How was Maryland similar to Virginia?

Tobacco proved crucial to its economy and society.

Early settlers of Jamestown preferred gold to farming.

True

Jamestown was originally settled only by men.

True

The English increasingly viewed America as a land where a man could control his own labor and thus gain independence.

True

The Indians of North America believed that land was a common resource and the basis of economic life.

True

The middle ranks of colonial America were those who lived between extreme wealth and poverty.

True

What was the impact of King Philip's War (1675-1676)?

Whites in New England experienced a broadening of freedom in the long run.

The first English Navigation Act, adopted in 1651

aimed to gain control of world trade from the Dutch

A rising demand for sugar, rice, and tobacco led to

an increase in the Atlantic slave trade

Both the Aztec and Inca empires were

large, wealthy, and sophisticated

The Spanish Empire in America

was, unlike the French and English New World empires, a mostly urban civilization society that would improve the settlers' chances of success, economic and otherwise

Bacon's Rebellion was a response to

worsening economic conditions in Virginia