APUSH The Market Revolution

What 2 creations of 1816 had a major impact on US industrialization?

1. Tariff of 1816: first protective tariff in US history 2. Chartering of the 2nd BUS

provide 3 examples of expansion in journalism in the 1850s. explain the importance of Bennett.

1. wire press-associated press 2. major metropolitan newspapers (NY Times) 3. penny press- newspapers that only cost a cent

Identify the Bonus bill, who vetoed it, and why

Bonus bill: central government financing of internal improvements Madison vetoed it Why? Madison/Dem Rep. strict interpretation of constitution/anti industrialization

what was the industrial revolution?

the transformation of manufacturing: power driven machines took place of hand tools

What did Dartmouth college vs Woodward est?

Corporation contracts were inviolable and couldn't be controlled by state gods Placed restrictions on the power of state goes to control corporations

what was the #1 export, but not the driving force?

cotton

describe the US farm population beginning in the 1820s

steady reduction in farm population

What were the effects of the market capitalist revolution on US society and politics?

1. Accumulation of wealth and greater disparity between wealthy and non wealthy 2. Rise of modern poverty 3. Expanded urbanization and middle class 4. Changes in family life (separate spheres) 5. Changed pattern of family life (clock time important) 6. Growing separation between workers and owners 7. Increased internal migration and foreign immigration (with growth of nativism =) 8. Personal disorientation (2nd Great Awakening) 9. Creation of Second Party System (dems vs whigs)

what were 2 early systems of recruitment? (factory work)

1. Family system (entire farm families recruited to mill 2. paternalism: workers: young, single women. saved money and eventually married

What were 5 accomplishments of the Marshall Supreme Court?

1. Shaped loose interpretation of constitution 2. Strengthened judicial branch 3. Increased power of the federal gov over state governments 4. Supporter of economic activity 5. Recognized Indian sovereignty

What were 5 examples of transportation improvements during this era? Who was the inventor of the Claremont? What was the effect o the Erie Canal on NYC?

1. Turnpike era (toll roads) 2. Roads 3. Improvement of steamboat -Claremont invented by R. Fulton 4. Canals -Erie Canal (1817)-->economic importance of NYC 5. RR

what were results of the changes in the US economy by 1860?

1. cheaper goods 2. diminution of artisan skills 3. exploitation of women, children, and immigrants 4. accumulation of wealth and rise of modern poverty 5. expanded urbanization 6. changed pattern of daily life: increased importance of "clock time" 7. rise of separate spheres/cult of domesticity

what were the 4 seeds of industrialization at the turn of the century (18th to 19th century)

1. gov support for invention (patents) 2. Cotton Gin ' 3. Evans' steam engines-->mills, Printing press, boats, mass production 4. Taylorism and scientific management. End of homespun

what were 3 characteristics of american agriculture in post war of 1812 period?

1. improvements in transportation--> cheaper to ship farm products/commodities 2. opening of new farmlands (midwest/old NW)-more fertile farm land 3. improved technology: new farm tech/reaper.

what were 4 results of the changes in US agriculture post war of 1812 period?

1. increased food production 2. more expensive to farm 3. decreased need for each region to feed itself 4. decreased need for farms and farmers

1. what happened to the lowell/paternalistic factory system? 2. what effect did increased competition and changing technology have on lowell mills? 3. who became the workers in these mills by the late 1840s?

1. it disappeared 2. and 3. Increased competition and changing technology--> worsening working conditions, wages, etc--> strikes--> unsuccessful RESULT***: workforce became heavily Irish

By 1860, what kind of economy did the US have? Describe its industrial ad agricultural systems.

1860: factory system replaced home industries agricultural transformation (substinence-->commercial)

What was the importance of the Supreme Court Native AMerican cases

A. Defined place for Indian tribes within AMerican political system B. Formed (limited) legal protections tribes had 1. Tribes had basic property rights 2. Tribes were sovereign entities not subject to authority of state govs 3. Federal gov had ultimate authority over tribal affairs

What did fletcher vs peck est?

Constitution forbids state laws that canceled contracts

Which level of government financed AND did NOT finance transportation improvements during this era?

Did finance transportation: private citizens, local governments, state governments Did NOT: federal gov (Madison/Dem Rep. strict interpretation of constitution/anti industrialization)

What were 2 causes of enlarged US urban population during the 1840s and 1850s

Enlarged b/c of immigration 1. Growth of national population 2. Migration to cities; two major groups -native farming classes of NE;forced off of land due to changes in agriculture -immigrants

Which population became a major factor in american political life in the antebellum period? How did states allow this to happen?

Foreign born population was a major factor -many states allowed aliens to vote after they declared intnention of seeking citizenship and had lived in US for at least a yr-->alarmed many Americans

What did Cherokee nation vs GA est?

Indians weren't foreign nations; had special status within the nation Origins of "trust relationships" 1. US claimed broad powers over tribes 2. US accepted substantial responsibility for protecting welfare> paternalism

What did Marbury vs Madison est?

Judicial review

What is the definition of nativism? Which nativist group was a combo of several nativist groups and advocated a restriction on the political rights of Catholics and aliens? What became its nickname? Which political party did it form by 1852?

Nativism=prejudice of native burns towards immigrants The supreme order of the star spangled banner= combo of several groups . Advocated banning of Catholics from holding political office The "know nothings" . Formed the AMerican Party

What mode of transportation become the most important by 1850?

RR

What did McCulloch vs Maryland uphold and est?

Upheld constitutionality of the BUS Why? Congress has "implied powers' b/c of the "necessary and proper claus" Est loose interpretation of constitution

Describe the influence the war of 1812 had on the expansion of US industrial growth.

War of 1812--->change in consciousness --> raising support for industrialization

describe the importance of the US postal service

allowed for unprecedented commerce and communication over long distances

describe the changes in work force from the 1820s until the 1840s. who tended to be the initial workers in the Lowell-Waltham system?

changing workforce: population growth --> more workers -native born (1820s-1840s)-->immigrants (1840-onwards) -workers: young, single women. saved money and eventually married

what type of agriculture expanded in the 1850s?how was increased demand for agriculture met?

demain for wheat and corn. demand met by technology )deer's steel plow and McCormicks reaper

describe the colonial economy in the 17th century. Describe US clothing practices in 1800 and how it changed by 1860

economy: -local artisans produced necessities -export small # of staple goods/finished product -US relied on Britain for clothes and staple goods 1800: Americans had homespun clothes-->1860 most americans worse factory clothes

why did industrial capitalism become more important (and powerful) than merchant capitalism? describe the changes in #s of inventions from 1830-1860

industrial capitalism was more profitable # of patens increased greatly

what evidence can be used to demonstrate rising US industrialization during the 1850s?

less than half of N populations workers on farms decrease in water power, increase in steam power -factory system and interchangeable parts spread to other areas of economy (besides textiles and shoes) expansion in inventions

what was the driving force of the US economy in the 1850s? which regions were connected?

railroads. economically tied W to the N

describe the reaction of artisans to the destruction of their employment and their replacement by factory workers. what happened to the National Labor Union?

reaction: they unsuccessfully attempted to form labor unions national labor union damaged by panic of 1837

what was the first industry? describe the importance of Frances Cabot Lowell in the development of US history. What was the 2nd industry?

textiles Lowell: developed improved power loom and organized Boston manufacturing co. -founded the 1st US mill that spun and wove under one roof industries located in NE and NE 2nd industry=shoes