APUSH Unit 4 College Board Review Questions

The national identity described in the excerpt most strongly reflects the influence of which of the following? A European precedents along with an American national culture B The English feudal system in which lords and landowners dominated vassals and farmers C Independence movements and revolutions in Europe and Latin America D Antislavery activism in the United States and Europe

A European precedents along with an American national culture

Which of the following most contributed to slaveholders such as Calhoun arguing in the 1830s and 1840s that slavery should be viewed as part of the Southern way of life? A Slave rebellions in Haiti, South Carolina, and Virginia had made many leaders in the South fear that enslaved African Americans could harm them. B Abolitionists made up a majority of members of Congress in the 1840s, and Southerners feared that they would pass emancipation legislation. C Most Southern states had begun to allow slaves to learn to read and write, and Southerners wanted people in other states to know that the slave system was changing. D The sudden growth of Southern manufacturing had created a new demand for cotton, so men like Calhoun saw the preservation of slave labor as critical.

A Slave rebellions in Haiti, South Carolina, and Virginia had made many leaders in the South fear that enslaved African Americans could harm them.

Which of the following resulted from arguments made by Southern politicians, such as the one in the excerpt, in the years prior to the Civil War? A Slaveholders became more insistent that maintaining the slave system was essential to protecting the South and its way of life. B Many people in the South who depended on the labor of enslaved people nevertheless became more willing to admit that slavery was a sin. C Abolitionists scheduled numerous speaking tours throughout the South to counter proslavery attitudes like that expressed by Calhoun. D Congress passed legislation guaranteeing slavery in the South to show that the slave system was not threatened.

A Slaveholders became more insistent that maintaining the slave system was essential to protecting the South and its way of life.

The excerpt could best be used by historians studying which of the following in the early 1800s? A The political debates over economic development B The lives of women working in new factories C The effects of new technologies on commerce D The value of British-manufactured imports

A The political debates over economic development

he decades following the Civil War, the woman's rights movement that began at Seneca Falls focused its energies most strongly on A achieving the right to vote B receiving equal pay for equal work C ending domestic violence D gaining equal access to higher education

A achieving the right to vote

During the first half of the nineteenth century, some women increasingly "bolster[ed] the household income," as described in the excerpt, by A obtaining positions in textile mills B signing contracts for indentured servitude C performing clerical and secretarial labor for large corporations D participating in secular and religious reform associations

A obtaining positions in textile mills

Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions (Seneca Falls Convention), 1848 Which other "righteous cause" would participants in the Seneca Falls Convention have been most likely to support? A Expansionism B Nativism C Abolitionism D Conservationism

Abolitionism

Which of the following evidence did the American Temperance Society in the excerpt use to support its argument about the need for the temperance movement? A Federal government excise taxes on alcoholic beverages were too high. B Restrictions on alcohol could discourage European immigrants. C Alcohol consumption damaged people's physical and emotional well-being. D Men wasted too much money buying alcohol, and their families became poor.

Alcohol consumption damaged people's physical and emotional well-being.

Which of the following most likely accounts for the limits of United States settlement in portions of North Carolina and Georgia depicted on the map? A Tobacco and sugarcane crops failed to thrive in those areas. B American Indians maintained sovereign control over those regions. C The Northwest Ordinance prohibited slavery in those regions. D The lands were set aside for American Indian reservations.

American Indians maintained sovereign control over those regions.

The language and themes of the excerpt (seneca falls) were most directly inspired by the A Articles of Confederation B Declaration of Independence C Northwest Ordinance D United States Constitution

B Declaration of Independence

Which of the following most directly made possible the ideas described in the excerpt? A The emergence of monopolies that dominated entire businesses B Innovations including textile machinery, steam engines, and interchangeable parts C Farmers' creation of local, regional, and national organizations that resisted corporate power D The significant influence of organized labor unions

B Innovations including textile machinery, steam engines, and interchangeable parts

The excerpt best reflects which of the following historical situations in the early 1800s? A The innovations in the market revolution creating new wealth for Americans B The emergence of a new and distinctive American culture C The transition of the United States to a more participatory democracy D The importance of reading literacy among Americans

B The emergence of a new and distinctive American culture

One major change in United States politics from the 1820s to the mid-1850s was the A adoption of an antislavery platform by the Whig Party B rise of political parties defined largely by regional interests C collapse of the Democratic Party in the South D decline of competition between parties

B rise of political parties defined largely by regional interests

Which of the following pieces of evidence best supports the excerpt's depiction of reactions to slave rebellions? A Southern states banned the importation of slaves from Africa. B Northerners agreed that slavery was a positive institution for society. C Additional restrictions were placed on enslaved and free African Americans. D The majority of slaveholders moved toward using alternative forms of labor.

C Additional restrictions were placed on enslaved and free African Americans.

The ideas expressed by John C. Calhoun and others who shared his views on slavery had which of the following effects on emerging abolitionist movements in the years leading up to the Civil War? A Many abolitionist groups in the North began to question the accounts of harsh treatment described by escaped slaves who made it to freedom. B Arguments describing slavery as a "positive good" weakened the impact of abolitionist efforts to encourage White northerners to support emancipation. C As many people came to see slavery as part of the Southern way of life, attitudes on both sides of the slavery argument hardened so that political compromise became difficult. D Very few members of Congress accepted Calhoun's "positive good" argument, and they became more open to passing laws limiting slaveholding and the internal slave trade.

C As many people came to see slavery as part of the Southern way of life, attitudes on both sides of the slavery argument hardened so that political compromise became difficult.

Which of the following was an interpretation of the speech by opponents of the goals Clay expressed in the excerpt? A Clay was seeking to discourage factory production to protect traditional artisans. B Clay's proposal would require the expansion of slavery to supply factory workers. C Clay's manufacturing plan would benefit one section of the country more than others. D Clay was seeking to encourage an increase in imports of British manufactured goods.

C Clay's manufacturing plan would benefit one section of the country more than others.

Which of the following most directly contributed to the situation described in the excerpt? A The abolitionist movement B Increased immigration C The market revolution D The emergence of mass political parties

C The market revolution

Based on the excerpt, which of the following groups would have been most likely to oppose Henry Clay's ideas? A Abolitionists B Antebellum reformers C Members of the Whig Party D Members of the Democratic Party

D Members of the Democratic Party

Which of the following claims best aligns with the evidence in the excerpt about the relationship between enslaved African Americans and White Southern citizens? A A majority of White citizens held slaves; therefore, they felt obligated to ensure the preservation of slavery. B The attitudes of White citizens regarding the motives of slave rebellions differed by region within the South. C A majority of poor White citizens benefited economically from having enslaved African Americans do the manual labor that White citizens did not want to do. D The slave system gave poor White citizens the feeling of social superiority over free and enslaved African Americans in a culture where African Americans held little power.

D The slave system gave poor White citizens the feeling of social superiority over free and enslaved African Americans in a culture where African Americans held little power.

The historical concept of the American identity, as characterized in the excerpt, was most clearly distinguished from the identities of other nations by the A enthusiasm for copying English practices and institutions B movement toward establishing a capitalist economy C role women played in civic and public life D importance of liberal ideas about natural rights and liberties

D importance of liberal ideas about natural rights and liberties

The ideas expressed in the excerpt emerged most directly from a larger intellectual debate over the A balance between individual freedom and public order B expansion of slavery into the western territories C priorities of United States foreign policy D relationship between the federal government and the states

D relationship between the federal government and the states

The economic growth of the South relied primarily on the export of goods to which of the following? A East Asia B The Midwest C The West D Europe

Europe

The development of the Second Great Awakening can best be linked to which of the following historical situations? A The market revolution led to a larger number of Americans working for wages. B Increased geographical mobility aided travel to new regions and the sharing of ideas. C Ideals of Romanticism caused more people to question the principles of the nation's founders. D The growing abolitionist movement was predominately influenced by northern Protestant Christians.

Increased geographical mobility aided travel to new regions and the sharing of ideas.

he American Temperance Society used which of the following evidence in the excerpt to explain why it believed the temperance movement would be successful? A Its supporters held the moral and religious high ground. B Its supporters were willing to use violence to get people to stop drinking alcohol. C Its supporters were more likely to vote in upcoming elections. D Its supporters used new transportation routes to spread their message.

Its supporters held the moral and religious high ground.

The ideas described in the excerpt (american system) contributed most directly to which of the following? A A decline in the internal slave trade B Large-scale European immigration to the South C More Americans producing goods for national markets D Business leaders consolidating corporations into trusts and holding companies

More Americans producing goods for national markets

Which of the following most directly contributed to the spread of settlement depicted on the map? A The development of transcontinental railroads B Efforts to secure boundaries with Great Britain C Federal grants for purchases of western land D Sustained population growth after the American Revolution

Sustained population growth after the American Revolution

Which of the following describes an interpretation of Clay's economic principles at the time as expressed in the excerpt? A The sections of the United States should retain separate regional economies. B The farmers of the United States should switch to manufacturing jobs. C The United States should increase domestic manufacturing to promote prosperity. D The United States should never engage in foreign commerce.

The United States should increase domestic manufacturing to promote prosperity.

The ideas expressed in the excerpt contributed most directly to which of the following? A The extension of voting rights to African Americans in the North B The end of the trans-Atlantic slave trade C The mass migration of African Americans from the South to the North D The adoption of plans for gradual emancipation in the North

The adoption of plans for gradual emancipation in the North

Which of the following factors best supports the argument in the excerpt? A The rise in manufacturing had led to many people relocating to towns and cities as demand for labor increased. B The debates over the federal government's proper role had intensified during the early nineteenth century. C The public visibility of women as leaders of national social and political reform movements had increased. D The South had become increasingly reliant on producing and exporting cotton in the early nineteenth century.

The debates over the federal government's proper role had intensified during the early nineteenth century.

The sentiments described in the excerpt best reflect which of the following developments? A The use of public protest to effect social change in the antebellum period B The emergence of reform movements during the Second Great Awakening C The establishment of trade relationships with East Asia D The expansion of United States control over territory held by American Indians

The emergence of reform movements during the Second Great Awakening

The excerpt best reflects which of the following developments during the first half of the nineteenth century? A The formation of new political parties B The establishment of abolitionist groups C The increase of immigration from Europe D The emergence of regional cultures

The formation of new political parties

Which of the following statements would an abolitionist claim supported the ideas expressed in the excerpt? A Southern states had the authority to restrict free African Americans from owning firearms. B The immorality of slavery had a widespread corrupting effect on Southern culture. C The Constitution held that enslaved people were legally considered property. D Southern interests depended on the labor of enslaved people, while the contributions of poor White citizens were minimal.

The immorality of slavery had a widespread corrupting effect on Southern culture.

Which of the following contributed most directly to the population movement described in the excerpt? A The discovery of gold B The overcultivation of the soil C The growth of industrial manufacturing D The decline of the trans-Atlantic trade

The overcultivation of the soil

People who shared the views expressed in the excerpt most likely opposed which of the following? A The expansion of suffrage rights to most White men B The maintenance of low tariffs that allowed the export of goods to Europe C The expansion of United States territory through war D The use of federal government funding for internal improvements

The use of federal government funding for internal improvements

Which of the following evidence was used by the American Temperance Society in the excerpt to explain why people would join the temperance movement? A The abstention from alcohol would extend American life expectancy. B The development of treatments for alcoholism would change the habits of men. C The formation of a national movement would eliminate the consumption of alcohol. D The use of specific studies would convince people to believe the movement's goals.

The use of specific studies would convince people to believe the movement's goals.

Which of the following of Jackson's policies undermined his position as described in the excerpt? A Allowing territories to determine whether slavery should be legal within their borders B Rejecting the Supreme Court's power to determine constitutionality of laws C Using federal power to forcibly relocate American Indian groups D Encouraging individuals to settle west of the Mississippi River

Using federal power to forcibly relocate American Indian groups

The excerpt most directly expresses an economic perspective that A prioritized regional interests B discouraged international trade C sought to protect United States manufacturing D supported the interests of organized labor unions

prioritized regional interests