APUSH Unit 4 Exam Questions

The Kentucky and Virginia resolutions, the Hartford Convention, and the South Carolina Exposition and Protest were similar in that all involved a defense of A freedom of the seas B freedom of speech C the institution of slavery D states' rights E presidential power in foreign affairs

states' rights

Which other "righteous cause" would participants in the Seneca Falls Convention have been most likely to support? A Expansionism B Nativism C Abolitionism D Conservationism

Abolitionism

Which of the following pieces of evidence best supports the excerpt's depiction of reactions to slave rebellions? A Southern states banned the importation of slaves from Africa. B Northerners agreed that slavery was a positive institution for society. C Additional restrictions were placed on enslaved and free African Americans. D The majority of slaveholders moved toward using alternative forms of labor.

Additional restrictions were placed on enslaved and free African Americans.

Which of the following factors best explains the increase in White male suffrage in the early nineteenth century? A Reaction to widespread political protest B Resistance to increased federal taxation C Amendments to the United States Constitution D Changes to property ownership requirements

Changes to property ownership requirements

People who shared the views expressed in the excerpt most likely opposed which of the following? A The expansion of suffrage rights to most White men B The maintenance of low tariffs that allowed the export of goods to Europe C The expansion of United States territory through war D The use of federal government funding for internal improvements

The use of federal government funding for internal improvements

Which of the following evidence was used by the American Temperance Society in the excerpt to explain why people would join the temperance movement? A The abstention from alcohol would extend American life expectancy. B The development of treatments for alcoholism would change the habits of men. C The formation of a national movement would eliminate the consumption of alcohol. D The use of specific studies would convince people to believe the movement's goals.

The use of specific studies would convince people to believe the movement's goals.

Which of the following best describes a major purpose of the proposed amendment? A To strengthen the United States alliance with France B To give individual states the legal right to secede from the Union C To give Congress additional constitutional powers D To give the president more control over negotiating treaties

To give Congress additional constitutional powers

Which of the following political changes most likely influenced the Second Great Awakening? A The president called for the removal of American Indians from the southeastern states. B Southern politicians threatened to nullify the authority of the federal government. C A participatory democracy expanded belief in the importance of the individual. D A series of judicial rulings supported the development of infrastructure projects.

A participatory democracy expanded belief in the importance of the individual.

Which of the following groups would mostly likely have supported this proposed amendment? A Proponents of the supremacy of federal laws over state laws B Proponents of the expansion of the executive branch powers under the Constitution C Advocates of the power of the Supreme Court to review federal laws D Advocates of limiting federal powers to those specifically written into the Constitution

Advocates of limiting federal powers to those specifically written into the Constitution

Which of the following evidence did the American Temperance Society in the excerpt use to support its argument about the need for the temperance movement? A Federal government excise taxes on alcoholic beverages were too high. B Restrictions on alcohol could discourage European immigrants. C Alcohol consumption damaged people's physical and emotional well-being. D Men wasted too much money buying alcohol, and their families became poor.

Alcohol consumption damaged people's physical and emotional well-being.

Which of the following most likely accounts for the limits of United States settlement in portions of North Carolina and Georgia depicted on the map? A Tobacco and sugarcane crops failed to thrive in those areas. B American Indians maintained sovereign control over those regions. C The Northwest Ordinance prohibited slavery in those regions. D The lands were set aside for American Indian reservations.

American Indians maintained sovereign control over those regions.

Which of the following explains how the growth of a market-based economy in the United States in the early 1800s most directly influenced changes in gender roles?

As home and the workplace became separated, women were increasingly expected to be responsible for housework and childcare while men took jobs outside the home.

The ideas expressed by John C. Calhoun and others who shared his views on slavery had which of the following effects on emerging abolitionist movements in the years leading up to the Civil War?

As many people came to see slavery as part of the Southern way of life, attitudes on both sides of the slavery argument hardened so that political compromise became difficult.

Which of the following was an interpretation of the speech by opponents of the goals Clay expressed in the excerpt? A Clay was seeking to discourage factory production to protect traditional artisans. B Clay's proposal would require the expansion of slavery to supply factory workers. C Clay's manufacturing plan would benefit one section of the country more than others. D Clay was seeking to encourage an increase in imports of British manufactured goods.

Clay's manufacturing plan would benefit one section of the country more than others.

Which of the following best explains the cause of the emergence of new political parties in the early nineteenth century? A Continued debates over the proper role of the federal government B Growing agreement regarding the issue of slavery C Declining support for westward territorial expansion D Persistent concern over the influence of foreign powers

Continued debates over the proper role of the federal government

Which of the following pieces of historical evidence from the United States census could best be used to support the argument in the excerpt? A Data showing changes in the number of textile mills B Data showing population growth in the West C Data showing the growth of the slave population D Data showing changes in cotton production and price

Data showing changes in the number of textile mills

The language and themes of the excerpt were most directly inspired by the A Articles of Confederation B Declaration of Independence C Northwest Ordinance D United States Constitution

Declaration of Independence

In the 1820s, which of the following would have most strongly supported the decision in the excerpt? A Entrepreneurs in transportation B Workers in new textile factories C Owners of large rural estates D New York state officials

Entrepreneurs in transportation

The economic growth of the South relied primarily on the export of goods to which of the following? A East Asia B The Midwest C The West D Europe

Europe

The national identity described in the excerpt most strongly reflects the influence of which of the following? A European precedents along with an American national culture B The English feudal system in which lords and landowners dominated vassals and farmers C Independence movements and revolutions in Europe and Latin America D Antislavery activism in the United States and Europe

European precedents along with an American national culture

Which of the following is one important continuity in urban life in the United States throughout the nineteenth century? A Anarchism and similar radical ideologies attracted many workers. B Settlement houses assisted immigrants with adapting to life in the United States. C Workers and employers consistently maintained amicable relationships. D Immigrants formed an important part of the manufacturing workforce.

Immigrants formed an important part of the manufacturing workforce.

The development of the Second Great Awakening can best be linked to which of the following historical situations? A The market revolution led to a larger number of Americans working for wages. B Increased geographical mobility aided travel to new regions and the sharing of ideas. C Ideals of Romanticism caused more people to question the principles of the nation's founders. D The growing abolitionist movement was predominately influenced by northern Protestant Christians.

Increased geographical mobility aided travel to new regions and the sharing of ideas.

Which of the following most directly made possible the ideas described in the excerpt? A The emergence of monopolies that dominated entire businesses B Innovations including textile machinery, steam engines, and interchangeable parts C Farmers' creation of local, regional, and national organizations that resisted corporate power D The significant influence of organized labor unions

Innovations including textile machinery, steam engines, and interchangeable parts

Which of the following is true of the case of Marbury v. Madison? A It established that Congress had the sole right to formulate national legislation. B It supported Thomas Jefferson in his claim to have "executive review." C It backed William Marbury in his request for a bank charter. D It affirmed the principle of judicial review. E It determined the Senate's right to "advise and consent."

It affirmed the principle of judicial review.

The American Temperance Society used which of the following evidence in the excerpt to explain why it believed the temperance movement would be successful? A Its supporters held the moral and religious high ground. B Its supporters were willing to use violence to get people to stop drinking alcohol. C Its supporters were more likely to vote in upcoming elections. D Its supporters used new transportation routes to spread their message.

Its supporters held the moral and religious high ground.

Based on the excerpt, which of the following groups would have been most likely to oppose Henry Clay's ideas? A Abolitionists B Antebellum reformers C Members of the Whig Party D Members of the Democratic Party

Members of the Democratic Party

The ideas described in the excerpt contributed most directly to which of the following? A A decline in the internal slave trade B Large-scale European immigration to the South C More Americans producing goods for national markets D Business leaders consolidating corporations into trusts and holding companies

More Americans producing goods for national markets

The goals of the Mormons, as described in the excerpt, were most like the goals of which of the following colonial groups? A Puritans in New England B Planters in the Chesapeake region C French missionaries in the Great Lakes region D Spanish settlers in California

Puritans in New England

Which of the following most contributed to slaveholders such as Calhoun arguing in the 1830s and 1840s that slavery should be viewed as part of the Southern way of life? A Slave rebellions in Haiti, South Carolina, and Virginia had made many leaders in the South fear that enslaved African Americans could harm them. B Abolitionists made up a majority of members of Congress in the 1840s, and Southerners feared that they would pass emancipation legislation. C Most Southern states had begun to allow

Slave rebellions in Haiti, South Carolina, and Virginia had made many leaders in the South fear that enslaved African Americans could harm them.

Which of the following resulted from arguments made by Southern politicians, such as the one in the excerpt, in the years prior to the Civil War? A Slaveholders became more insistent that maintaining the slave system was essential to protecting the South and its way of life. B Many people in the South who depended on the labor of enslaved people nevertheless became more willing to admit that slavery was a sin. C Abolitionists scheduled numerous speaking tours throughout the South to counter pros

Slaveholders became more insistent that maintaining the slave system was essential to protecting the South and its way of life.

Which of the following most directly contributed to the spread of settlement depicted on the map? A The development of transcontinental railroads B Efforts to secure boundaries with Great Britain C Federal grants for purchases of western land D Sustained population growth after the American Revolution

Sustained population growth after the American Revolution

The developments described in the excerpt best illustrate which of the following? A The Second Great Awakening B The abolitionist movement C The ideal of republican motherhood D The increased acceptance of Catholics

The Second Great Awakening

The Supreme Court established which of the following by its ruling in Marbury v. Madison ? A States have the authority to nullify acts of Congress. B The Bank of the United States is constitutional under the implied powers clause. C States may not interfere with interstate commerce. D The Supreme Court has the authority to determine the constitutionality of congressional acts. E Government contracts cannot be repealed by popular majority.

The Supreme Court has the authority to determine the constitutionality of congressional acts.

Which of the following describes an interpretation of Clay's economic principles at the time as expressed in the excerpt? A The sections of the United States should retain separate regional economies. B The farmers of the United States should switch to manufacturing jobs. C The United States should increase domestic manufacturing to promote prosperity. D The United States should never engage in foreign commerce.

The United States should increase domestic manufacturing to promote prosperity.

The ideas expressed in the excerpt contributed most directly to which of the following? A The extension of voting rights to African Americans in the North B The end of the trans-Atlantic slave trade C The mass migration of African Americans from the South to the North D The adoption of plans for gradual emancipation in the North

The adoption of plans for gradual emancipation in the North

Addams' ideas expressed in the excerpt have most in common with which of the following historical views about women? A The seventeenth-century Puritan belief that women must be governed by their husbands and fathers B The belief of some mid-nineteenth-century reformers that women could act as the moral voice in society C The argument of some nineteenth-century advice books that women's sphere was restricted to the home and family D The rejection of traditional gender roles by feminists in th

The belief of some mid-nineteenth-century reformers that women could act as the moral voice in society

Which of the following broader contexts most directly contributed to the conflict described in the excerpt? A The public demand that the government regulate monopolies B The introduction of technological innovations in cotton production C The use of federal subsidies to expand the railroad network D The creation of a national market with increased regional interdependence

The creation of a national market with increased regional interdependence

The excerpt could best be used by historians studying which of the following? A The creation of the Monroe Doctrine B The approval of the Louisiana Purchase C The abolition of the international slave trade D The passage of the Missouri Compromise

The creation of the Monroe Doctrine

Which of the following most likely contributed to the emergence of the Second Great Awakening? A The rise of the Whig Party B The election of President Andrew Jackson C The cultural responses to the Enlightenment D The emergence of a women's rights movement

The cultural responses to the Enlightenment

Which of the following factors best supports the argument in the excerpt? A The rise in manufacturing had led to many people relocating to towns and cities as demand for labor increased. B The debates over the federal government's proper role had intensified during the early nineteenth century. C The public visibility of women as leaders of national social and political reform movements had increased. D The South had become increasingly reliant on producing and exporting cotton in the early ni

The debates over the federal government's proper role had intensified during the early nineteenth century.

Which of the following aspects of life in the United States in the early nineteenth century most likely influenced Adams' recollection of Revolutionary events? A The rapid development of the market revolution B The development of a national culture and national identity C The growing popularity of the idea of Manifest Destiny D The rapid growth of a mass democracy

The development of a national culture and national identity

Which of the following could best be used as evidence to support the argument that those like Vanderbilt contributed to a "transformation of the very geography of the United States" in the mid-1800s? A The opening of canals B The building of bridges C The construction of turnpikes D The development of railroads

The development of railroads

The excerpt best reflects which of the following developments? A The establishment of tariffs on textiles to protect domestic cotton production B The emergence of an abolitionist movement during the Second Great Awakening C The increase of prosperity caused by the production of manufactured goods D The development of regional cultures increasingly defined by the presence of enslaved people

The development of regional cultures increasingly defined by the presence of enslaved people

The rise in manufacturing beginning in the early 1800s eventually resulted in which of the following by 1848? A The emergence of a larger middle class in the North B A decline in economic inequality in urban areas C An increased demand for agricultural workers in the Midwest D The improvement of working conditions in factories

The emergence of a larger middle class in the North

The excerpt best reflects which of the following historical situations in the early 1800s? A The innovations in the market revolution creating new wealth for Americans B The emergence of a new and distinctive American culture C The transition of the United States to a more participatory democracy D The importance of reading literacy among Americans

The emergence of a new and distinctive American culture

Which of the following historical developments contributed most directly to the market revolution? A The emergence of new forms of transportation B The increased number of women in the paid workforce C The emergence of southern opposition to tariffs D The decline of slavery in the Northeast

The emergence of new forms of transportation

Which of the following cultural and social shifts resulted most directly from the trends described in the excerpt? A A sharp decline in regional differences B The emergence of new ideas about the proper roles of husbands and wives C A decline in the income gap between those in the wealthiest class and those in the working class D An increase in the importance placed on extended family relationships

The emergence of new ideas about the proper roles of husbands and wives

The sentiments described in the excerpt best reflect which of the following developments? A The use of public protest to effect social change in the antebellum period B The emergence of reform movements during the Second Great Awakening C The establishment of trade relationships with East Asia D The expansion of United States control over territory held by American Indians

The emergence of reform movements during the Second Great Awakening

The patterns of settlement shown in the map culminated in which of the following national crises by 1820 ? A Outrage over the Federalist Party's disloyalty in proposing New England's secession B Widespread opposition to the demands of the women's rights advocates at Seneca Falls C The emergence of sectional tensions over the admission of the state of Missouri D Disbelief at the violence resulting from popular sovereignty in Kansas

The emergence of sectional tensions over the admission of the state of Missouri

Which of the following best explains the expansion of participatory democracy in the early nineteenth century? A The abolition of slavery in most northern states B The growth of manufacturing along rivers and canals C The extension of suffrage rights to most adult White men D The influence of the early women's rights movement

The extension of suffrage rights to most adult White men

Which of the following best describes the historical situation in which the amendment was proposed? A The Anti-Federalists sought to add a bill of rights to the Constitution. B The federal government sought to acquire more western land in North America. C The United States sought to forcibly remove American Indians from their homelands. D The Constitutional Convention sought to establish the separation of powers between branches of government.

The federal government sought to acquire more western land in North America.

The excerpt best reflects which of the following developments during the first half of the nineteenth century? A The formation of new political parties B The establishment of abolitionist groups C The increase of immigration from Europe D The emergence of regional cultures

The formation of new political parties

The ideas in the excerpt about women's roles in society have the most in common with ideas associated with which of the following? A Activism on behalf of women's rights during the middle of the nineteenth century B The greater separation of home and workplace during the first decades of the nineteenth century C Political and social reform efforts led by women's clubs during the late nineteenth century D The increased participation of women in the workforce during the Second World War

The greater separation of home and workplace during the first decades of the nineteenth century

Which of the following statements would an abolitionist claim supported the ideas expressed in the excerpt? A Southern states had the authority to restrict free African Americans from owning firearms. B The immorality of slavery had a widespread corrupting effect on Southern culture. C The Constitution held that enslaved people were legally considered property. D Southern interests depended on the labor of enslaved people, while the contributions of poor White citizens were minimal.

The immorality of slavery had a widespread corrupting effect on Southern culture.

The excerpt best reflects which of the following trends during the early 1800s? A The calls for funding of internal improvements under Henry Clay's American System B The increased role of the judiciary in establishing a stable economic system C The shift to a more assertive foreign policy under the Monroe Doctrine D The heightened tension between southern states and Congress over the tariff

The increased role of the judiciary in establishing a stable economic system

Actions like Vanderbilt's most directly built upon which of the following? A The market revolution B Mercantilism C The growth of political parties D Immigration restriction

The market revolution

Which of the following most directly contributed to the situation described in the excerpt? A The abolitionist movement B Increased immigration C The market revolution D The emergence of mass political parties

The market revolution

Which of the following contributed most directly to the population movement described in the excerpt? A The discovery of gold B The overcultivation of the soil C The growth of industrial manufacturing D The decline of the trans-Atlantic trade

The overcultivation of the soil

The excerpt could best be used by historians studying which of the following in the early 1800s? A The political debates over economic development B The lives of women working in new factories C The effects of new technologies on commerce D The value of British-manufactured imports

The political debates over economic development

Which of the following best explains a change in migration in United States society during the early 1800s?

The rise in manufacturing in the North coincided with an increase of immigration from abroad to these urban areas.

Which of the following claims best aligns with the evidence in the excerpt about the relationship between enslaved African Americans and White Southern citizens? A A majority of White citizens held slaves; therefore, they felt obligated to ensure the preservation of slavery. B The attitudes of White citizens regarding the motives of slave rebellions differed by region within the South. C A majority of poor White citizens benefited economically from having enslaved African Americans do the manual

The slave system gave poor White citizens the feeling of social superiority over free and enslaved African Americans in a culture where African Americans held little power.

Which of the following of Jackson's policies undermined his position as described in the excerpt? A Allowing territories to determine whether slavery should be legal within their borders B Rejecting the Supreme Court's power to determine constitutionality of laws C Using federal power to forcibly relocate American Indian groups D Encouraging individuals to settle west of the Mississippi River

Using federal power to forcibly relocate American Indian groups

The rhetorical purpose expressed in the excerpt would most likely have been interpreted as promoting which of the following? A Expanding suffrage rights to all White men B Challenging Great Britain's control of Canada C Using international commerce to expand United States influence D Investing in technology to make ocean voyages faster

Using international commerce to expand United States influence

In the decades following the Civil War, the woman's rights movement that began at Seneca Falls focused its energies most strongly on A achieving the right to vote B receiving equal pay for equal work C ending domestic violence D gaining equal access to higher education

achieving the right to vote

President Jefferson sought the protections described in the excerpt most likely for the purpose of A establishing trade routes B enlarging the size of the navy C supporting alliances with European nations D creating United States colonies

establishing trade routes

The historical concept of the American identity, as characterized in the excerpt, was most clearly distinguished from the identities of other nations by the A enthusiasm for copying English practices and institutions B movement toward establishing a capitalist economy C role women played in civic and public life D importance of liberal ideas about natural rights and liberties

importance of liberal ideas about natural rights and liberties

In Marbury v. Madison, the United Stated Supreme Court affirmed A its right to determine the constitutionality of state court decisions B its right to determine the constitutionality of state laws C its right to determine the constitutionality of congressional enactments D the sanctity of property rights against harassment by unfriendly state legislatures E the broad scope of the federal government's commerce power

its right to determine the constitutionality of congressional enactments

Based on the excerpt, the westward migration by the Mormons in the 1830s and 1840s was most likely motivated by the A interest in establishing law and order in the newly acquired territories B desire to religiously convert American Indians C declining threat of hardship on the overland trails D need to take refuge from persecution

need to take refuge from persecution

During the first half of the nineteenth century, some women increasingly "bolster[ed] the household income," as described in the excerpt, by A obtaining positions in textile mills B signing contracts for indentured servitude C performing clerical and secretarial labor for large corporations D participating in secular and religious reform associations

obtaining positions in textile mills

The excerpt most directly expresses an economic perspective that A prioritized regional interests B discouraged international trade C sought to protect United States manufacturing D supported the interests of organized labor unions

prioritized regional interests

The ideas expressed in the excerpt emerged most directly from a larger intellectual debate over the A balance between individual freedom and public order B expansion of slavery into the western territories C priorities of United States foreign policy D relationship between the federal government and the states

relationship between the federal government and the states

The role of women expressed in the cult of domesticity had its roots in A Progressive Era urban reform B mid-nineteenth-century nativism C the early twentieth-century suffrage movement D republican motherhood E the reaction against feminism after the Second World War

republican motherhood

One major change in United States politics from the 1820s to the mid-1850s was the A adoption of an antislavery platform by the Whig Party B rise of political parties defined largely by regional interests C collapse of the Democratic Party in the South D decline of competition between parties

rise of political parties defined largely by regional interests

The election of 1800 has been referred to as constituting "another revolution" because A the House of Representatives decided the election B a Supreme Court decision was required to dislodge the Federalists C voter turnout increased dramatically D the party in power stepped down after losing the election E force was required to get John Adams to leave the White House

the party in power stepped down after losing the election