APUSH Unit 5

Dawes Act

1887 law which gave all Native American males 160 acres to farm and also set up schools to make Native American children more like other Americans

What happened as a result of the Mexican American war?

the war with Mexico from 1846 to 1847 that resulted in Mexico ceding to the United States a huge region from Texas to California

Where did many Chinese immigrant work when they first got to America?

worked in gold mines and on railroads in California

Historians have argued that all of the following were causes of the Civil War EXCEPT

the growing power of poor Southern Whites who resisted planter dominance and sought to abolish slavery

Kansas-Nebraska Act

1854 - Created Nebraska and Kansas as states and gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty.

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

1858 Senate Debate, Lincoln forced Douglas to debate issue of slavery, Douglas supported pop-sovereignty, Lincoln asserted that slavery should not spread to territories, Lincoln emerged as strong Republican candidate

When was the transcontinental railroad completed?

1869

The Compromise of 1850 did which of the following?

Enacted a stringent fugitive slave law.

What was the biggest introduction Europe gave to Natives?

Horses

Scalawags

A derogatory term for Southerners who were working with the North to buy up land from desperate Southerners

Why was the West connecting with the East?

railroads, cattle, mining

Popular Sovereignty

A government in which the people rule by their own consent.

Carpetbaggers

A northerner who went to the South immediately after the Civil War; especially one who tried to gain political advantage or other advantages from the disorganized situation in southern states

Bleeding Kansas

A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took place in Kansas-Nebraska Territory. The dispute further strained the relations of the North and South, making civil war imminent.

What was the Compromise of 1850?

Admitting California to the Union as a free state. New Mexico, Utah would be organized as territories open to slavery. Ended the slave trade in Washington D.C. called for a passage of strong fugitive slave law, which would make it easier to find and reclaim runaway slaves. ( this compromise was toward admitting states as a union.)

During Reconstruction, which of following was a change that took place in the South?

African Americans were able to exercise political rights.

In 1865, former Confederate general Robert Richardson remarked that "the emancipated slaves own nothing, because nothing but freedom has been given to them." Explain whether this would be an accurate assessment of Reconstruction twelve years later.

After Reconstruction, former slaves were able to vote, hold office, worship in church, and attend school. More rights were given to former slaves so I don't think it would be an accurate statement 12 years later.

During the Gilded Age, which of the following groups generally voted Republican?

Black northerners

Which of the following pairs of immigrant groups were most prominent in the construction of the first transcontinental railroad?

Chinese and Irish

The Dawes Act (1887) did which of the following?

Divided Native American tribal lands into individual holdings.

Why did ownership of land and control of labor become major points of contention between former slaves and whites in the South?

Former slaves believed freedom was the ownership of land and Whites in the South owned plantations that were their only source of income and they refused to give it up to former slaves

Who was Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna?

He was the Mexican president who suspended the 1824 constitution and had Stephen Austin imprisoned for inciting revolution. He revoked local powers in TX and other Mexican states. He also led troops in battle on numerous occasions.

The United States Supreme Court's decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) represented a departure from earlier practices in which of the following ways?

It held that the federal government had no power to regulate slavery in federal territories acquired after the creation of the United State

The women's movement split into two separate national organizations in part because the Fifteenth Amendment did not give women the vote. Explain why the two groups split.

The women's movement split because some women felt that women's suffrage must be granted first and were upset over the 15th amendments' lack of gender equality. Others felt that any kind of voting rights being expanded was a good thing.

According to The Gilded Age by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner, the era's slogan was "Get rich, dishonestly if we can, honestly if we must." Explain how this was true of the politics of the era.

There was lots of corruption and those with power were shady and dishonest. Many lawmakers favored laws that benefitted companies they invested in.

Which of the following best describes the position on slavery of most northerners during the sectional crises of the 1850s?

They were willing to accept slavery where it existed but opposed further expansion to the territories.

What was the Gadsden Purchase?

U.S. paid Mexico $10 million for southern parts of Arizona and New Mexico (fixed the existing boundary with Mexico) to build a transcontential railroad

Which of the following best describes the main idea of Andrew Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth?

Wealthy individuals should use their wealth for social betterment.

The 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act instituted popular sovereignty to

allow people living in a territory to determine whether slavery should be permitted there

Andrew Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth was based on the belief that wealthy industrialists should use their wealth to

finance philanthropic endeavors

What were the Black Codes?

laws passed by Southern states to restrict the freedom of blacks

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the formation of labor unions was often a response to

low wages and dangerous conditions in industrial work

In the three decades following the Civil War, the policies of the Republican Party generally favored

northern industrial interests

The most controversial and divisive component of the Compromise of 1850 was the

passage of a tougher national fugitive slave act

What was the Wilmot Proviso?

The Wilmot Proviso said that all territory gained from the Mexican American war would be slave free. It passed in the house but not in the Senate

Ghost Dance

A cult that tried to call the spirits of past warriors to inspire the young braves to fight. It was crushed at the Battle of Wounded Knee after spreading to the Dakota Sioux. The Ghost Dance led to the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887. This act tried to reform Indian tribes and turn them into "white" citizens. It did little good.

During Reconstruction, a major economic development in the South was the

spread of sharecropping

Which of the following would most likely have opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

A New England abolitionist

Why did many Americans criticize the Mexican War? How did they see expansion as a threat to American liberties?

Americans were afraid that land acquired would become slave state territory and give the South more power.

By 1877, how did the condition of former slaves in the United States compare with that of freedmen around the globe?

Former slaves had the right to vote and they could hold office.

What was the safety valve theory?

Gave rise to the Homestead Act of 1862 in the United States. The idea that in tough economic times, one could always move west and start a new life

Which of the following statement about the Dred Scott decision is correct?

It stated that Black people were not citizens of the United States.

Which of the following best accounts for the success of the American Federation of Labor in organizing labor in the late 1800s?

Its policy of organizing only skilled craftsmen

The Supreme Court's decision in the Dred Scott case in 1857 effectively repealed the

Missouri Compromise

Support for slavery in the Southern states was based on all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

Most White families owned slaves.

Which of the following principles was established by the Dred Scott decision?

National legislation could not limit the spread of slavery in the territories.

How did the expansion of railroads affect Native life?

Natives lost land, and buffalo which was a huge resource for them became almost extinct

Explain how important black families, churches, schools, and other institutions were to the development of African-American culture and political activism in this period.

Schools gave former slaves the education needed for participation in the economy and politics. Churches allowed former slaves to worship their own religions. Families were being rebuilt as former slaves sought lost family members.

How did the failure of land reform and continued poverty lead to new forms of servitude for both blacks and whites?

Sharecropping and Crop Lien became new ways for people to make money off of others.

The Republican Party of the 1850s took which of the following positions on slavery?

Slavery could remain where it existed but should not be extended into territories or new states.

Dred Scott v. Sanford

Supreme Court case that decided US Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in federal territories and slaves, as private property, could not be taken away without due process - basically slaves would remain slaves in non-slave states and slaves could not sue because they were not citizens

Texas Revolt

The 1830s rebellion of residents of the territory of Texas—many of them Americans emigrants—against Mexican control of the region. Resulted in the Independence of Texas

How did the development of an urban, industrial society exacerbate inequalities in U.S. society and promote class violence?

The concentration of wealth and power created ideas like social darwinism and the rich got richer and the poor got poorer which deepened class divides.

What national issues and attitudes combined to bring an end to Reconstruction by 1877?

The election in 1877 where Hayes won marked an end to reconstruction as he was a southerner. The Panic of 1873 weakened support for Reconstruction. The Grant administration was involved in lots of corruption which made people trust the government less.

Which of the following occurred during Radical Reconstruction?

The formation of the Ku Klux Klan

How did western expansion affect sectional tensions in the North and South?

The gaining of new territories made the Northerners and Southerners vigilant for who would gain the upper hand. The north wanted new land to be free and the south wanted new land to be slave territory.

The American economy thrived because of federal involvement, not the lack of it. How did the federal government actively promote industrial and agricultural development in this period?

The government put a lot of regulations regarding Native affairs, land distribution, and territories. This helped foster economic development in the West.

Which of the following statements about woman suffrage is true?

The only states with complete woman suffrage before 1900 were west of the Mississippi.

Which of the following provisions of the Compromise of 1850 provoked the most controversy in the 1850's?

The strengthened Fugitive Slave Law

What was the Fugitive Slave Act?

allowed federal comissioners to determine the fate of alledged fugitives without a jury, trial, or testimony, prohibited local authorities from interfering with capturing fugitives if asked.

All of the following account for nativist sentiment against the "new immigrants" of the late nineteenth century EXCEPT that the immigrants

dominate the professions of law, medicine, and engineering

The American Federation of Labor under the leadership of Samuel Gompers organized

skilled workers in craft unions in order to achieve economic gains

By what methods did southern whites seek to limit African-American civil rights and liberties?

One way was violent. Terrorist groups such as the KKK were created to stop Black people from voting. Literacy tests, and poll taxes were other political ways the South tried to stop Black people from voting. Segregation and Jim Crow laws were another tactic used to hurt Black people. Black Codes were enacted

Explain the justifications for the doctrine of manifest destiny, including material and idealistic motivations.

People justified manifest destiny by the want of new resources and more land for everyone.

What caused the confrontation between President Johnson and Congress over Reconstruction policies?

President Johnson violated the Tenure of Office Act and was impeached and removed. He also vetoed the Civil Rights bill of 1866

Describe the importance of the nation's railroads in the rise of America's second industrial revolution.

Railroads helped connect the East and the West which led to more immigration and jobs. It allowed workers from further away work in different industries traveling by railroad. It also fostered the transportation of goods and products which was good economically for businesses.

Explain how social thinkers misapplied Charles Darwin's ideas to justify massive disparities in wealth and power and to deny government a role in equalizing opportunity.

Social thinkers used Darwin's ideas to say that those who didn't have money got there on their own. The problem is that many former slaves and other people didn't have a lot of money because of historical racism. Their were many people born into tough situations who started out poor and because of it didn't have the means to get an education, which means they were less likely to get a job and make more money. Some companies even refused to hire black workers or paid very little to which isn't their fault.

What did the Free Soil Party believe?

The Free Soil Party was a short-lived political party in the United States organized in 1840 that faded out by about 1856. Its main purpose was opposing the extension of slavery into the territories, as well as advocating the abolition of slavery itself.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 was most similar in intent to which of the following earlier legislative initiatives?

The Missouri Compromise in 1820