APWH Chapter 24, APWH Chapter 23, AP Ways of the World: Chapter 22

Shah Reza Pahlavi

White Revolution was intended to promote countries modernization and values to help everyone. Discontent and resentment showed because economic threat that it was a attack in economic values.

One factor underpinning the United States' global influence after World War II was

a booming economy in a country untouched by the destruction of World War II.

The Iron Curtain was ____________.

a term for the impenetrable border between capitalist and communist Europe

Which of the following best describes the response of global fundamentalism to modernity? a. A selective rejection and a seeking of an alternative, more religious modernity b. A total rejection of modernity c. A total embrace of modernity d. A total denial of the existence of modernity

a. A selective rejection and a seeking of an alternative, more religious modernity

Which of the following is NOT a way in which money has become internationally mobile? a. An international checking system b. Direct foreign investment c. Internationally accepted credit cards d. International currency markets

a. An international checking system

How did the cold war impact many third world countries?

a. Both sides attempted to entice the support of third world countries with military and economic aid.

Which of the following was NOT a way in which the Chinese Communists under Mao Zedong gained the widespread support of the peasantry?

a. By promising the end of the rural way of life

Which group of developing countries have been the most successful in stimulating economic growth and industrialization? a. East Asian countries b. Middle Eastern countries c. African countries d. Central Asian countries

a. East Asian countries

What did the Seattle protestors of 1999 mean by their slogan "no globalization without representation"? a. Globalization was a process being decided by large corporations that was not meant to benefit ordinary people, and in which no ordinary people had a say. b. Globalization was hard to depict visually, and needed more charts, graphs, and images to accompany it. c. Democracy was more important than economic growth. d. They wanted a cut of the WTO's profits.

a. Globalization was a process being decided by large corporations that was not meant to benefit ordinary people, and in which no ordinary people had a say.

Which of the following best describes why Gorbachev's reforms led to the total collapse of the Soviet Union and communism?

a. Gorbachev opened a "Pandora's box" of demands for change that the Soviet system could not handle.

What was Gandhi's attitude toward the prospect of a modern, industrial future for India? a. He was opposed to it. b. He actively supported it. c. He was not concerned with the future of India, only the present. d. He initially was opposed, but when he saw the beautiful factories in England, he changed his mind.

a. He was opposed to it.

What characterized the main economic failure of communism?

a. Inability to match the West in quality and availability of consumer goods

What was the "fatal flaw" of European colonialism? a. Its double standard of freedom and sovereignty for itself but not its colonies b. Its inability to extract resources from its colonies c. Its squeamishness at using force to rule its colonies d. Its promotion of nationalist ideology

a. Its double standard of freedom and sovereignty for itself but not its colonies

Which best characterizes the strategies pursued by Islamic fundamentalist groups for achieving their political aims? a. Most attempted to gain power through elections and placing members in influential government and social positions, but some sought violent revolutions. b. A few attempted to gain power through elections, but most were intent on violent revolutions. c. They focused only on attacking non-Muslims. d. They focused only on launching attacks outside the Islamic world.

a. Most attempted to gain power through elections and placing members in influential government and social positions, but some sought violent revolutions.

What was the fate of many of the political parties that had led the movements for independence in Africa after independence was achieved? a. Most were soon swept away by military coups. b. Most remained popular for decades. c. Most splintered into different factions which gave rise to a vibrant democracy. d. In formerly British colonies, democratic systems remained, but in French, Belgian, and Portuguese colonies, military regimes quickly took power.

a. Most were soon swept away by military coups.

Which of the following was NOT part of the transformation of Iran enforced by the new Islamic rulers? a. Reverting back to a traditional economy b. Closing cinemas, bars, and discos c. Requiring all women to wear veils and loose-fitting dresses to hide their figures d. Patrolling public places with religious police to enforce Islamic law

a. Reverting back to a traditional economy

What helped sustain the immense military effort involved in the United States' efforts to contain the spread of communism?

b. A booming consumer economy

Which of the following best characterizes Gandhi's philosophy of satyagraha ("truth force")? a. Building a base of support in the countryside among peasants from which to launch guerilla attacks on the British b. Confronting the British Empire nonviolently, choosing to suffer the consequences without surrendering one's ideals c. Throwing off British rule by any means necessary, and then conquering new lands as the British had done for a new Indian Empire d. Making India totally and permanently Hindu

b. Confronting the British Empire nonviolently, choosing to suffer the consequences without surrendering one's ideals

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major ways in which the Earth's environment has been radically impacted by the changes of the last half-century? a. Unprecedented population growth b. Exorbitant prices of fossil fuels c. Vast use of fossil fuels, especially oil d. Phenomenal economic growth

b. Exorbitant prices of fossil fuels

How did Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the founder of modern Turkey, view the role of Islam in the state? a. He based his ideas of the state on Islamic principles. b. He saw the public or political role of Islam as an obstacle to modernizing Turkey. c. He disliked the influence of Islam, but knew he was powerless to diminish it. d. He was determined to use the state to wipe out all traces of Islam.

b. He saw the public or political role of Islam as an obstacle to modernizing Turkey.

Why did the United States military intervene so massively in Vietnam in the 1960s?

b. It feared a communist victory there would lead to communist expansion to the rest of Asia and beyond.

How was the dissolution of European empires different from the dissolution of previous empires in world history? a. It took place only in Africa. b. It generated a mass of new nation-states. c. It happened suddenly. d. It happened peacefully.

b. It generated a mass of new nation-states.

Which of the following best describes the massive increase in international migration of the world's peoples during the era of globalization? a. It has allowed those who were previously unhappy to find happiness. b. It has allowed many to find work and shelter, but has also victimized others in new ways. c. It is mostly just tourists. d. It has totally erased all national cultures and boundaries.

b. It has allowed many to find work and shelter, but has also victimized others in new ways.

What was the immediate or initial impact of Gorbachev's policy of glasnost?

b. Many dark truths about life in the USSR were brought to light for the first time.

Why did many of the military regimes in Africa give way to a resurgence of Western-style democracy between 1980 and 2008? a. Most of the military leaders got too old to rule any longer. b. Most of the military governments also failed on their promise to bring about prosperity and peace. c. The military regimes could not get access to enough weapons or money to keep their power. d. The U.S. government actively funded any popular movement that sought to overthrow military dictators and replace them with freedom and democracy.

b. Most of the military governments also failed on their promise to bring about prosperity and peace.

What was the end result of Mao's two great campaigns, the "Great Leap Forward" and the "Cultural Revolution"?

b. The death and ruin of tens of millions and the widespread discrediting of communism

Why did Osama bin Laden and the leaders of al-Qaeda come to declare the United States as their enemy? a. They wanted to scare Americans into converting to Islam. b. They objected to American military presence in Saudi Arabia after the first Gulf War. c. They hated Christianity. d. They mistakenly though the United States was an extension of the USSR, which had been their enemy in Afghanistan.

b. They objected to American military presence in Saudi Arabia after the first Gulf War.

What happened to communist commitment to social and gender equality in Stalin's USSR?

b. Those values were often set aside in favor of industrial development and state power.

How did Lenin and the Bolsheviks take power in 1917?

b. Through an overnight coup in the capital

How did women's liberation feminists differ from equal rights feminists? a. Women's liberation feminists wanted women to have more rights than men; equal rights feminists merely wanted women to have the same rights as men. b. Women's liberation feminists wanted to challenge societal and cultural patriarchy through direct action; equal rights feminists preferred political lobbying and passing laws. c. Women's liberation feminists sought a world government dominated by women; equal rights feminists sought an American government dominated by women. d. The groups were not different.

b. Women's liberation feminists wanted to challenge societal and cultural patriarchy through direct action; equal rights feminists preferred political lobbying and passing laws.

Which of the following best describes the "American Empire" of the second half of the twentieth century and beginning of the twenty-first century? a. A far-flung empire of colonies b. A once-powerful empire breaking apart c. A nonterritorial empire of economic, military, and cultural power d. A misnomer; a term used by envious countries

c. A nonterritorial empire of economic, military, and cultural power

Why did white rule last almost 50 years longer in South Africa than it did in India (1994 versus 1947)? a. Blacks in South Africa were much better treated than Indians in British India. b. Blacks chose the path of violence, which was futile, as opposed to nonviolence, which the Indians used to great effect. c. A sizeable and powerful community of permanent white settlers in South Africa, but not in India, controlled the country. d. Gandhi never spent time in South Africa.

c. A sizeable and powerful community of permanent white settlers in South Africa, but not in India, controlled the country.

What was the world's reaction to the United States' refusal to sign on to the Kyoto protocol? a. Sympathy b. Indifference c. Anger d. Relief

c. Anger

In what way has mainstream Christianity responded to the effects of globalization? a. By splintering into ever-smaller subgroups b. By losing touch with its moral center c. By addressing the moral and ethical problems of social justice, human rights, and the suffering of the poor throughout the world d. By pulling into a defensive, insular shell

c. By addressing the moral and ethical problems of social justice, human rights, and the suffering of the poor throughout the world

How did Bretton Woods lay the foundation for globalization? a. By creating a secret world government b. By demonstrating that countries can work together c. By creating a set of agreements and institutions to promote free trade d. By exchanging product samples from different countries

c. By creating a set of agreements and institutions to promote free trade

Which of the following best characterizes the initial aims of the Indian National Congress (INC)? a. A violent revolution against the British rule b. Promoting loyal obedience to the British rule c. Gaining position of influence in British India to protect Indian interests d. Writing a constitution for a newly independent India

c. Gaining position of influence in British India to protect Indian interests

What effect did the Westernizing influences under the Shah of Iran have? a. Iran became a well-functioning democracy. b. Iran was too traditional to be impacted by Westernization. c. It provoked an intense backlash leading to the Islamic revolution in 1979. d. It led to a bloody civil war between Sunni and Shiite Muslims in Iran.

c. It provoked an intense backlash leading to the Islamic revolution in 1979.

What was the impact of glasnost on the Soviet allies in Eastern Europe?

c. It sparked massive demonstrations that swept away communism in Eastern Europe.

Why did the Soviet Union so greatly value the Communist regime in Cuba?

c. It was the first country where Communism triumphed without the help of the Soviet Army.

The sporting goods company Nike is a good example of globalization because in one five-year period it closed 20 factories and opened another 35 in countries all over the world. Why did Nike move these factories? a. Its executives grew bored of one country and wished to live in a new one. b. Nike simply could not find enough good workers for its factories. c. Nike moved its factories anywhere in the world where the labor costs were the lowest and the environmental and health regulations the most lenient. d. Nike's factories needed more energy than most nations could provide.

c. Nike moved its factories anywhere in the world where the labor costs were the lowest and the environmental and health regulations the most lenient.

What was the result of the reforms instituted by Deng Xiaoping as leader of the Chinese Communist Party after Mao's death?

c. Stunning economic growth along mostly capitalist models

Which of the following is NOT a reason that most developing nations abandoned the state-run approach to building up their economies in favor of a privatized, free market approach, in the last decade of the twentieth century? a. The collapse of the Soviet Union b. The influence of international organizations like the World Trade Organization (WTO) c. The clearly demonstrated benefits for the poorest segments of these countries d. The corruption and mismanagement of state-run corporations

c. The clearly demonstrated benefits for the poorest segments of these countries

Which of the following best describes the initial policies of the Soviet and Chinese Communist Parties toward women after taking power?

c. They achieved farreaching freedom for women

What happened to the living standards in most of Africa between 1980 and 2000? a. They rose. b. They remained steady. c. They fell. d. They rose in some countries, but fell in others.

c. They fell.

Which of the following is NOT an explanation offered by historians and scholars as to why democracy failed in so many African countries after independence? a. Africa's traditional culture is based on consensus and thus not compatible with multiparty democracy. b. Trying to take on immense economic development at the same time as a huge political transition to democracy is simply too much for any society to manage. c. They lacked natural resources. d. Unrealistic expectations for the future were followed by widespread disillusionment.

c. They lacked natural resources.

Why did the Soviet Union invade Hungary in 1956 and Czechoslovakia in 1968, and threaten to invade Poland in 1980, if those countries were supposedly its own allies?

c. To crush reformist movements that they feared would spread throughout the Soviet alliance

What was a major difference between western environmental movements and environmentalists in developing countries? a. Western environmentalists cared only for the environments of their own countries; environmentalists in developing countries cared for the whole planet. b. Western environmentalists lacked the popular base of support that environmentalists in developing countries had. c. Western environmentalists were concerned more with issues of pollution and limiting growth; environmentalists in developing countries were more concerned with food security and social justice. d. Western environmentalists were more concerned about people; environmentalists in developing nations were more concerned with species of animals.

c. Western environmentalists were concerned more with issues of pollution and limiting growth; environmentalists in developing countries were more concerned with food security and social justice.

which event was the closest that the soviet union and the united states came to nuclear war?

cuban missile crisis

What was the most serious split that formed within the Indian independence movement? a. Between upper castes and lower castes b. Between Sikhs and Hindus c. Between followers of Gandhi and followers of Nehru d. Between Muslims and Hindus

d. Between Muslims and Hindus

How did the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank advance neo-liberal economics? a. By loaning money to developing nations without preconditions b. By loaning money to developing nations that had state-run companies c. By regulating the economies of developing countries d. By loaning money to developing nations that privatized state-run companies, lowered protectionist tariffs, and cut taxes

d. By loaning money to developing nations that privatized state-run companies, lowered protectionist tariffs, and cut taxes

Which of the following best describes the appeal of the South American revolutionary Che Guevara to people in both the "first" and the "third" worlds? a. He was a classic Latino sex symbol. b. He stood for nonviolence in a time of war. c. He stood up for the blue-collar working class hurt by globalization. d. He represented an alternative to the materialism of the West and the industrial totalitarianism of the Soviet world.

d. He represented an alternative to the materialism of the West and the industrial totalitarianism of the Soviet world.

How did globalization affect those within wealthy nations, especially the United States? a. It made everyone in those nations far wealthier. b. It drained the wealth out of those nations. c. It made Americans more appreciative and tolerant of other cultures. d. It caused millions of Americans to lose their well-paying jobs, while millions of others have become wealthy.

d. It caused millions of Americans to lose their well-paying jobs, while millions of others have become wealthy.

How did the Chinese Communist Party adapt its ideology and strategy during its long struggle to power?

d. It focused on creating peasant communism and rural guerilla warfare.

What best describes the experience of India's partition into Muslim Pakistan and Hindu India after independence in 1947? a. It was a mostly peaceful transition. b. It caused massive displacement of people, but no real violence. c. It happened in a carefully controlled way over a long period of time. d. It was horrendously violent and traumatic.

d. It was horrendously violent and traumatic

In what way did Ataturk's modern Turkey show clear continuity with the past Ottoman Empire? a. Its leaders continued to wear tradition Ottoman dress. b. The use of Arabic as the official language was retained. c. Turkey's foreign policy once again focused its hostility on Europe. d. Modern Turkey remained for the most part a dictatorship with little political freedom.

d. Modern Turkey remained for the most part a dictatorship with little political freedom.

Of the communist regimes that came to power in North Korea, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Cuba, and Afghanistan, which had achieved the level of industrialization that Karl Marx believed necessary for communism?

d. None

What kind of external pressure was put on South Africa's white leadership to end Apartheid and allow blacks to vote and have equal rights? a. NATO threatened to invade South Africa. b. Other independent African countries threatened to invade South Africa. c. The U.S. government loudly denounced the immorality of Apartheid and broke off diplomatic relations with the racist government. d. Sporting events, entertainers, and many large businesses boycotted South Africa, isolating it culturally and economically from much of the world.

d. Sporting events, entertainers, and many large businesses boycotted South Africa, isolating it culturally and economically from much of the world.

Who, of the following, was NOT a victim of the "Terror" or "Great Purge" in the USSR in the 1930s?

d. Stalin himself

Which of the following best describes the term jihad as intended by the original founders of Islamic fundamentalism? a. Violent and indiscriminate killing of non-Muslims b. Submission to one's passions c. Retreat into an inner sanctuary of religious purity d. Struggle to please God

d. Struggle to please God

How did the Bolshevik efforts at land redistribution compare with Chinese Communist efforts at land redistribution?

d. The Bolsheviks found the task much easier than the Chinese Communists.

Which of the following was NOT a conflict that developed between communist countries?

d. The USSR vs. North Korea

Why did African feminists resent American and European feminists' opposition to traditional African cultural practices such as polygamy and female circumcision? a. They felt American and European feminists were stealing their thunder on the issue. b. They did not believe such practices existed in Africa. c. They were strongly in favor of such practices. d. Western feminists could easily begin to sound like colonial missionaries and rulers.

d. Western feminists could easily begin to sound like colonial missionaries and rulers.

Which of the following social groups in the colonies did NOT stand to benefit from national independence for African and Asian colonies? a. Western-educated African and Asian elites b. small-scale traders c. urban workers d. white landowners

d. white landowners

The People's Liberation Army gained widespread support from millions of Chinese largely because of the Chinese Communist Party's heroic fight against __________.

japanese

In contrast to the Bolsheviks, the base of support for the Chinese Communist Party was/were the

peasant villages

who individual believed in a philosophy of promoting communism primarily in the Soviet Union rather than trying to export the revolution to other nations?

stalin

What was the end result of Mao's two great campaigns—the "Great Leap Forward" and the "Cultural Revolution"?

the death and ruin of tens of millions and the widespread discrediting of communism

contrast with China, the collectivization of agriculture in the Soviet Union

was marked by extensive violence and the murder or deportation of wealthier peasants

Anti-colonial Movements

young men who were thoroughly familiar with European culture and aware of the gap between values and practices. No longer viewed colonial rule as vehicle for people's progress as fathers had

At the opening of it's push for modernization, China faced an even more daunting task than Russia because

China's industrial base was smaller

Ayatollah Khomeini

Comes from France and starts a Islamic revolutions. Called for insufficient islamic regimes. Wanted Iran to reutn from Islamic state. He meant that it was a plan for other Islamic Regimes to follow. Training and support to overthrow existing regime.

African National Congress

Educated, Middle Class No to overthrow the existing order like INC Wanted to be accepted and be civilized men

Independence Movements

European educated both people in colonies and colonial powers who have been educated in Europe Not the norm practice. Knew through travel, military experiences, business with colonial holdings.

Afghanistan

Had Soviet to spread communism but felt that Islamic radicals will over throw

Post Independent Gov in Africa

Had no real experience and had came from tribal rule. Not happy with this because they had no money.

Kemal Ataturk

He valued European enlightment theory completely and in order to do this is required removal of islam from public life. Secular State.

Nelson Mandela

In the 1950S, Mandela takes the reigns of ANC and does it in a nonviolence civil disobedience. Boycotts, strike demonstrations, burning of passes.

The communist revolution in China differed from that in Russia in which of the following ways?

Intellectuals in Russia had been discussing socialism for half a century or more before the revolution, whereas the ideas of Karl Marx were barely known in China in the early twentieth century.

Islamic Gov

Islamic republic with a elected parliament and constitution. But in practice it represented the rule of Islamic paracs in which Islamic Ulma headed by Khomeini exercised dominant power.

Mahatma Gandhi

Mohandas Seeking a society of harmonious self suffient villages drawing on morality.

Perestroika

Permitted small state enterprises

the main reason for the failure of the provisional government in russia in 1917 was

Russia's inability to bring their involvement in World War I to an end

Hot War

Vietnam, China, Korea Physical.