APWH Final Exam Study Guide

Which of the following best explains why the Song emperor would host scholar-officials such as those depicted in the image?

He shared the Confucian values that prized scholarship and learning.

Which of the following best reflects the pattern of the church's authority within the decentralized political climate of Europe, as described in the source?

The church initially expanded its ecclesiastical and financial reach in the midst of widespread panic, but, eventually the chaos of the Black Plague consumed and undermined the church's authority.

Which of the following was NOT a development of the Tang and Song dynasties?

stirrup

One of the consequences of Japanese aggression in the sixteenth century was

the defeat of weakened Chinese armies by the Manchu.

During the seventeenth century, one of the reasons Africans participated in the Atlantic slave trade was

the demand for weapons among African elites

The portrait of Emperor Jahangir in Image 1 was most likely a symbolic representation of which of the following?

The expanding power of the Mughal Empire

Malian Emperor Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 can best be understood in the context of which of the following?

The expansion of Islam throughout Afro-Eurasia

All of the following resulted from the growth of the Atlantic slave trade in Africa EXCEPT

the exclusion of Africa from the emerging global market

Which of the following best explains a cause of the economic activity described in the passage?

the increase in long-distance trade as a result of Mongol-protected Silk Roads

Based on the passage, which of the following was the most likely reason that Wang Dingbao chose to record the story of Lu Hui?

To offer an example of proper social behavior for others to follow

The two passages best illustrate which of the following continuities in world history?

While some states were willing to tolerate diversity within their territories, others suppressed diversity.

Which of the following statements can be best corroborated by Ibn's Battuta's report from the Arabian Peninsula?

A thriving economy of trade and cross cultural exchange existed in this region

The views expressed in the passage best reflect which of the following trends in European Christendom?

A willingness to unify against an opposing ideology

In order for Buddhism to be accepted in China, Chinese Buddhists

Accommodated Buddhism to Chinese values such as filial piety.

Which of the following was a major change in global patterns of religious beliefs and practices in the period 1450-1750 C.E.?

Adherents of monotheistic religions such as Christianity and Islam increased both in number and in geographic scope as a result of conquest, trade, and missionary activities.

All of the following have been African contributions to cultures in the Americas EXCEPT

African monetary systems

Which of the following best describes Alfred Crosby's argument in the passage above?

Amerindians' long isolation from the rest of the world had placed them at a biological disadvantage.

Despite cultural borrowing and imitation, Korea was still different from China in that

Aristocrats dominated Korean society while bureaucrats dominated Chinese life.

What statement explains the bureaucratic view of Buddhism during the Tang dynasty?

Buddhism was a threat to the power of the Confucian bureaucracy because it offered an alternative social organization.

Which of the following best explains why the painting was seen as a challenge to social conventions when it was painted?

Caribbean society was built on racial hierarchies that generally reserved elite status for people of European ancestry.

A historian would most likely use the ballad as evidence of which of the following?

Challenges to traditional gender roles in premodern China

Which of the following most directly caused a disruption in the land-based trade of the Safavid empire during the period circa 1500-1750 ?

Conflicts between the Shi'a Safavids and neighboring Sunni empires

The passage most directly illustrates which of the following differences between Confucianism and Buddhism?

Confucianism is a cultural tradition emphasizing ethical norms, whereas Buddhism is a religious tradition emphasizing spiritual practices.

Which describes conditions under which Chinese culture was 1st introduced into Korea?

Conquest and colonization

Which of the following was a method ruler in Eurasia used to legitimize and consolidate their power during the period 1450 C.E. to 1750 C.E.?

Developing professional militaries

During the 650s A.D., a schism within Islam resulted in two major denominations: Sunni and Shi'a. What event led to this schism?

Disagreement over who should be elected as caliph

Which of the following describes a major cause of the expansion of the Ottoman Empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?

Exploitation of artillery and small arms gave the Ottomans advantages over many of their political rivals.

Which of the following best reflects the effect of the Black Death on the socioeconomic structures of feudal Europe?

Farm laborers acquired more power to negotiate labor terms, forcing rural lords to adjust labor practices to avoid shortages of labor and food.

The passage provides evidence to illustrate which of the following?

Human adaptation to weather patterns

Which of the following best explains why foot binding did not spread to other neighboring countries in East and Central Asia?

In neighboring areas, women exercised more power and influence and were unlikely to accept it

Ibn Battuta's claim in the second paragraph that the ceremony that he observed at the court of the sultan of Sumatra was similar to a ceremony that he had seen at the court of the Delhi sultan in India is most likely understood in the context of which of the following developments in the Indian Ocean region in the period 1200-1450 ?

Increasing cross-cultural interactions facilitated the spread of cultural traditions.

Which of the following is true of commerce in the Indian Ocean during the time period 600-1450 C.E.?

Indian Ocean commerce flourished and was conducted by a mixture of Asian, Middle Eastern, and East African merchants.

Which of the following best explains an effect of the expansion of the Mali Empire on the trans-Saharan trade networks?

It facilitated commercial growth by expanding the number of people participating in the trade networks.

Which of the following explains the most common effect that the process illustrated in the image had on relationships between states in Afro-Eurasia in the period 1450-1750 ?

It led to deepening rivalries and conflicts as states' military capabilities grew.

Which of the following factors best explains why the Portuguese did not engage in direct trading relations with West African states until the fifteenth century?

Lack of the necessary navigational and maritime technology

The map above indicates that

Mali was a major source and hub of the gold trade

In which of the following ways did geographical factors referenced in the image contribute to an increase in Mali's wealth?

Mali's location along the trans-Saharan caravan route allowed for chances to profit from trade.

Which of the following is true of those conducting Indian Ocean trade by the early 1500s?

Marine commerce was conducted by traders from multiple regions, making the area a center for cultural exchange

Bolívar was describing the effects of which of the following economic policies?

Mercantilism

The map above depicts the various Silk Roads that connected Asia, Europe, and Africa. Based on the map and your knowledge of history, how did most people use these trade routes?

Most people traveled back and forth between two nearby points on the roads

Based on the passage and your knowledge of world history, which of the following can be inferred about the economic hierarchy in San Juan Peribán?

Mulatto and mestizo communities had some economic resources, but creoles were still economically dominant.

The practice of foot binding

Placed women of the privileged classes under male supervision.

A likely purpose for including the religious figure in the plaque was to show that

Portuguese naval activities in the Indian Ocean region were favored by divine forces

The map above illustrates which of the following?

Predominant areas of origin and destinations of African slaves in the fifteenth through nineteenth centuries

The presence in Japan of the religious tradition referred to in the passage best illustrates which of the following historical processes?

Regional cross-cultural contacts often resulted in the diffusion of both religious and literary traditions.

Which of the following describes the exchange of goods that occurred along Eurasian and African routes during the period?

Silk and Porcelain from China; cotton textiles and pepper from India; woolens and glass from the Mediterranean and Middle East; and ivory and gold from Africa

The photograph above of a mosque (first erected in the fourteenth century) in the modern-day West African country of Mali best exemplifies which of the following historical processes?

Spread of religion along trade routes

Which of the following best explains the process illustrated in the image?

States used gunpowder weapons to establish large empires.

Which of the following was an important continuity from previous periods underlying the trade interaction illustrated by the map?

The European demand of Chinese luxury goods

Based on the image and your knowledge of world history, which of the following best describes the effects of the trans-Saharan trade on religion throughout North Africa?

The Islamic religion spread throughout the region due in large part to the influence of Muslim traders.

The map above shows which of the following empires at its greatest extent?

The Mongol Empire

Which of the following most directly strengthened Sunni religious scholars' role as official interpreters of Islamic doctrine within the Ottoman Empire, as suggested by the passage?

The Ottoman Empire's rivalry with the Safavid Empire

Which of the following accurately describes a significant difference between the Ottoman and Mughal Empires in the early seventeenth century?

The Ottomans ruled over people who were predominately Muslim, while the Mughals did not.

The Russian Empire's colonial expansion differed from other Western European empires in which of the following ways?

The Russian Empire only colonized areas contiguous to the homeland.

All of the following statements describe characteristics of the Silk Roads, except?

The Silk Roads allowed major Western religious traditions to prosper in the East

Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author use to support his claim that the arrival of the Spanish "destroyed our people"?

The Spanish conquered all Maya towns.

The creation of this particular image of the Aztec capital was part of which of the following processes occurring at the time?

The absorption of the Aztec Empire into the Spanish colonial system

Based on the map above and your knowledge of history, which of the following best describes the effect of the spread of cultural beliefs on the trade route?

The adoption of Buddhism in China

The two passages differ most strongly with respect to which of the following?

The authors' attitudes toward European expansion

What can be ascertained about Timbuktu in the early sixteenth century from the description of Leo Africanus?

The city was an important trading center

The Ottoman Empire's recruitment of soldiers and bureaucrats through the system depicted in the image is most similar to which broader method that rulers used to strengthen their empires in the period 1450-1750 ?

The collection of tribute

A historian could best use the passage as evidence for which of the following?

The creation of a new political and economic elite in the immediate aftermath of the European conquest

Which of the following contributed to the Ottoman Turks' development and expansion into the Byzantine Empire?

The desire to continue the westward spread of Islam

Which of the following is an evidence of cross-cultural exchange similar to that found in Timbuktu in the period between 1200 and 1500?

The development of Urdu which combined Arabic characters with local Hindustani language in Delhi

Which of the following resulted from the fragmentation of the Mongol Empire following the death of Genghis Khan?

The development of khanates in Central Asia

The image best illustrates which of the following characteristics of Confucianism during the latter Song dynasty (960-1279 CE)?

The diners being served shows that Confucianism was characterized by leisure for the elite class

Which of the following developments in the period 1450-1750 could best be used as evidence to modify Darwin's argument in the first paragraph about the establishment of Eurasian empires on "nomadic foundations"?

The establishment of the Safavid Empire

This image is best seen as evidence of which of the following changes within Tsarist Russia in the first half of the 18th century? *

The growing Russification of the Siberian region

The decree most clearly illustrates which of the following changes in the period 1450-1750 ?

The increase in the power of centralized governments at the expense of traditional elites

Letters like the one above demonstrate which of the following about the exchange of knowledge in the growing trade networks?

The increasing number of traveler reports helped facilitate global knowledge about other regions

Navarro's economic observations expressed in the passage above are best understood in the context of which of the following?

The influx of silver from the Americas into the Spanish economy

The activities of Inez de Leyria's father as described in the passage best support which of the following conclusions about the period 1450-1750 C.E.?

The intensification of commercial and diplomatic activity across Eurasia was accompanied by increased missionary activity.

Which of the following best describes a direct result of the Fourth Crusade?

The sacking of Constantinople by European Crusaders

Ibn Buttuta's account demonstrates the importance of which of the following in Indian Ocean Society?

The social hierarchy that existed on the Arabian Peninsula

How was trade in the Indian Ocean in the period from 1200 - 1500 similar to that of the land trade through the Silk Roads?

The trade was mainly in luxury goods such as gold, ivory, and spices

Which of the following best explains a similar motivation behind the establishment of Portuguese trading posts in Africa and the establishment of Portuguese trading posts in Asia?

The trading posts in both regions were intended to allow the Portuguese to control access to heavily trafficked maritime routes.

Which of the following best explains an effect of Spanish voyages across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in Europe in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?

They greatly increased interest in transoceanic travel and trade in other European countries.

Between 1450 and 1750, empires such as the Ottoman and Chinese shared which of the following?

The use of a large bureaucracy to support the government

Which of the following was an important continuity from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing dynasty in the seventeenth century?

The use of the examination system and other Confucian bureaucratic practices

The excerpt above best illustrates which of the following attributes of Confucianism?

The virtues and duties of family members

Historians who argue that there was substantial global integration by the end of the thirteenth century would most likely cite which of the following as evidence to support their claims?

The widening and deepening of exchange networks linking Afro-Eurasia after the Mongol conquests

Which of the following best reflects how the Aztec's large-scale public construction projects were similar to the Inca's?

They were built mostly by the forced labor of conquered peoples.

The map above demonstrates which of the following about the Indian Ocean trade?

Trade involved most of the regions bordering the Indian Ocean as well as China.

By examining the map, what can a historian ascertain about the Indian Ocean region, ca. 1500?

Trade was flourishing and powerful trading cities had developed

Which of the following is a reasonable explanation for the spread of Islam to West African cities like Timbuktu?

Traders and Muslim Berbers brought Islam with them to commercial contacts beyond the Sahara Desert

Which of the following best describes the sociodemographic characteristics of Timbuktu in the early sixteenth century?

Traders had settled in diasporic communities in parts of the city

The map above shows what significant economic developments?

Trading networks that promoted the growth of new cities from 600 C.E. through 1450 C.E.

The Mongol conquests of much of Eurasia in the thirteenth century tended to encourage trade along the Silk Roads primarily by

decreasing the risk of bandit attacks and reducing the number of local rulers collecting tribute from trade caravans

The trend shown on the graph above is best explained by

increased production of cash crops like sugar

The purpose of Ibn Battuta's account was most likely to

inform his audience about the cultural, political, and economic characteristics of the places he visited

The group within the Tokugawa era that weakened centralized economic policies was the wealthy _____.

merchants

Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) primarily because they

needed to resolve their territorial disputes after the discovery of ocean routes to the Americas and the Indian Ocean

The success and timing of trade though the Indian Ocean basin largely depended upon

understanding the rhythms of the monsoon winds

Ibn Battuta traveled widely across the Middle East, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Africa in the fourteenth century. His travels serve as evidence for the

unifying influence of Islam