APWH UCSCOUT Midterm Prep
Which religion professors the belief of reincarnation until a final state of release is achieved?
Hinduism
What is Byzantine Emperor Justinian best known for?
His attempts to reclaim lost Byzantine lands along with his support for infrastructure projects in Constantinople and the revamping of older Roman legal codes.
Mesoamerica was:
Home to communities that shared similar cultural and social practices.
What is the Battle of Talas?
In 751 CE, Islamic soldiers raided an abandoned Chinese camp, discovering Chinese paper-making technique.
What is a tribute system?
Payments given by small independent states to acknowledge the supremacy of a reigning Empire.
The Indian caste system was first seen in Western records by sailors from this European country who observed the phenomena after arriving on the coast in the 16th century CE.
Portugal
Who is Saladin?
Saladin is an Arab Muslim general who led the Muslims to fight back.
What is reincarnation also known as in Hindu?
Samsara
Which language was the Vedas written in?
Sanskrit
What is Zheng He best for?
Sea voyages through the Indian Ocean to Africa.
Who is Ali?
The Shia's favored Ali as Muhammad's successor.
Who invented the modern compass prototype?
The Song Dynasty.
Who is Abu Bakr?
The Sunni's favored Abu Bakr as Muhammad's successor.
What are the Hindu scriptures known as?
The Vedas
The Mongols and Aztecs both...
Gained tribute empires in the course of their expansion.
What are the Four Noble Truths?
Gautama's philosophy of how to reach a state of enlightenment.
Who is Kublai Khan?
Genghis' grandson and successor Shizu. Kublai forces took control over the remaining areas of China, but was unable to capture the Islands of Japan.
What is Sinification?
the transmission of Chinese culture out into other parts of Asia?
Who is Siddhartha Gautama?
(430 BCE) A prince from Nepal, who left his home town looking for spiritual enlightenment.
Who is Pakal the Great?
(615-638 CE) The most-known Mayan ruler who greatly expanded Palenque's infrastructure, such as the Palace of Palenque.
Who are the Abbasid?
(750-1258CE) The dynasty that overthrew the Umayyad, ruling in Baghdad, Iraq. They were considered to rule justly, for the most part. Under Abbasid, scholarly advancements were made, religion was spread, cultures were diffused.
When did Muhammad live?
570-632 CE
What is a junk?
A Chinese-built ship that was prominent in the Indian Ocean. Junks had flat bottoms and sturdy rudders to easily maneuver tempestuous waters.
Who is Vasco da Gama?
A Portuguese explorer who sailed around the cape of Africa to India in search of access to the spice trade.
Who is Marco Polo?
A Venetian-born explorer who journeyed from Europe to Asia, crossed the Silk Road, and encountered the court of one of Genghis Khan's successors.
Describe Pok-a-tok.
A ball game in which the winner is sacrificed
What is the Battle of Kalinga?
A bloody battle that caused Ashoka to convert to Buddhism.
Who were the Moche?
A civilization that existed from 1-800CE along the western coast of South America. Drought and seismic activity likely caused the decline of Moche civilization.
What is Manichaeism?
A faith named after its prophet Mani that developed in the 3rd century, combining Christian, Buddhist, and Zoroastrian beliefs. It was common for a brief time along the Silk Road.
Who were the Bantu?
A group origination from Congo. In 1000 BCE, due to new power structures, the bantu migrated southward, as new cultures, technologies, agricultural practices were spread to the Roar Agrarian areas of Africa.
What is Swahili?
A language that blends Arabic, Farsi, and the Bantu languages of East Africa. It became an important communication tool in the Indian Ocean trading network.
What is a dhow?
A ship with two masts and utilized lateen sails that were used by Arab and Persian traders, seasonally based on winds.
Who is Xuanzang?
A spiritual traveler who left for India in 630, bringing back relics, books, new philosophies, and technology, able to translate Buddhist treatises to Chinese, popularizing Buddhism in China.
Who are the Hejaz?
A tribal people lacked any central political authority until the rise of Islam.
What is the "Non-violence" Buddhist principle known in Sanskrit?
Ahimsa
Who are the Chavin?
An early civilization in the Andean region of South America.
What is the Hanseatic League?
An organization of trade that advanced commercial trade and pragmatic practices like monetization.
Which Empire lasted longer, the Eastern Roman Empire, the Western Roman Empire, or both the same?
Eastern
Negatives (2) of global trade routes:
Easy access for invaders, spread of disease.
What are three causes of the Crusades?
Economic motives like taking over ports such as Venice, the Muslim conquest of Byzantine lands in the Levant. The belief that the Holy Land was being corrupted by Muslims.
What are three concepts facilitated by "Pax Mongolia?"
Favoritism for those who aided in the expansion of the empire, relative religious toleration in exchange for political loyalty, the establishment of power from Korea to Poland.
What did the Sung Dynasty do?
Focus on commerce created a centralized bureaucracy within the empire, when mercantilism grew and wealth became more widespread.
What are some Tang Dynasty accomplishments?
The rise of Confucianism, Buddhism's revival, growth of many industrious cities.
Why did the Shia and Sunni split?
The succession of Muhammad after his death.
What is Sui Dynasty most important for?
The unification of China.
What helped developed the West African Kingdoms as a global trading network?
Their abundance in gold allowed them to gain connection and trade with other parts of the world. This led to the spread of Islam in Africa.
Why were the Crusades so significant from a long term perspective?
They facilitated the spread of technological advancements across from the Middle East into Europe.
One reason the Mongols helped the Silk road flourish is because...
They had tight control over the Silk Road's security
Islam is a word that refers to Muslims and their duty:
To be submissive to God's will.
The expansion of the Bantu people in Southern Africa had numerous (3) effects:
Wars within the continent, agricultural advancements, and produced various perspectives on social matters.
Which Byzantine emperor is famous for his mission to capture silk worms from China?
Justinian
Name four key fundamentals of PCE.
Mass spread of civilizations, human migration, influence of non-Western religion, the Idea of Monotheism popularized.
The Olmec culture originated in what region of the world?
Mesoamerica
The term used to connote the practice of celibate living separate from mainstream society that was found in both Buddhism and Christianity.
Monasticism
Mesoamerica was home to which early civilization, known for its massive basalt stone carvings?
Olmec
Who is Genghis Khan?
The founder of the Great Mongolian Empire.
Who is Empress Wu?
The only female ruler of China, who was influenced by Neo-Confucianism, but overall was ineffective.
Who are the Umayyad?
The people who took reigns of power after Ali's assassination. They were considered corrupt and offensive by many Muslims.
What is Moksha?
The Hindu concept of being released from Samsara.
What is Brahma?
The Hindu divine force of creation/energy/force.
What is Maya and Atman?
The Hindu philosophy states divides the world into the physical, Maya, from Atman, the soul.
Where did the first forms of moveable type come from?
China
What led to the exchange of goods and commerce on a global level?
Innovative new technologies in transportation.
Why is Samarkand significant?
It is a city that is located in a Central Asian oasis along the Silk Road.
What is the Mecca?
The place where Muhammad was born. It is located in Saudi Arabia and is the spiritual focal point of Islamic faith.
What is a Caliph?
Successor of Muhammad.
How did agricultural developments in the post-classical era change functions of society?
Surplus of goods stimulated trade.
What is the Aztec capital called?
Tenochtitlan.
Who were initially nomads but later created permanent communities in Mexico's central valley?
The Aztec people?
What are Chinampas?
The Aztec technique of growing crops on floating platforms.
Who are the Nestorians?
The Christian branch of faith that was persecuted by people in Rome, who fled and further spread the religion.
Who is Wen Di?
The Founder of the Sui Dynasty, who initiated reforms that would lead to the construction of the Grand Canal, connecting Northern and Southern China.
Who is Pope Urban II?
The pope who first called the people to action to ward off Muslim forces in the Holy Land, starting the first Crusade.
Who built road systems throughout the Andean mountains?
The Incas
The enrichment of the city-states of East Africa in the region known as the The Zanj was because:
The Indian Ocean Trade Network.
What is Ashoka known for?
The Mauryan leader is known for his conversion to Buddhism as a reaction to the violence he witnessed in battle.
Which civilization was keenly interested in astrology, along with other science and mathematics inquiries?
The Mayan people of Mesoamerica.
Which culture of the Andes were well-known for their advanced pottery culture?
The Moche
What is the Golden Horde?
The Mongol-successor Kingdom established by Batu Khan, covering parts of Central Asia and the Russian steppe, until dissolved in 1502.
Who were accomplished stone artisans?
The Olmecs
What is Justinian's biggest acomplishment?
The codification of the Roman legal tradition in the Corpus Juris Civilis.
