APWH Units 4 Test

The actions of the Maroons that forced British colonial authorities to conclude a treaty with them are best explained as evidence of reactions against which of the following global trends in the period 1450-1750 ?

The increasing expansion and centralization of state power

Which of the following is most likely to have influenced eighteenth-century population trends in both Europe and China?

Introduction of Western Hemisphere crops

Which of the following factors best explains why the Portuguese did not engage in direct trading relations with West African states until the fifteenth century?

Lack of the necessary navigational and maritime technology

Which of the following best supports the contentions of the world economic theory in the passage?

Latin America exported sugar and silver and imported manufactured items.

Which of the following is an illustration of this world economy theory?

Latin America exported sugar and silver and imported manufactured items.

Which of the following describes the most important cause of the demographic changes associated with the Columbian Exchange?

The introduction of New World food crops to Afro-Eurasia and the spread of epidemic diseases to the Americas

The author's claim that the Spanish inhabitants of Manila act as agents for the inhabitants of Mexico can best be described as a reference to which of the following?

The mercantilist trade regulations enforced by Spanish colonial authorities

Which of the following best exemplifies mercantilism as it was practiced in the Atlantic trading system by 1750 ?

The protection of European merchant companies by their respective governments

Which of the following best explains Europe's ability to gain a greater share of global trade in the early modern period?

Adoption and improvement of maritime technologies by Europeans

The Columbian Exchange involved which of the following new connections in the era 1450-1750?

African population to the Western Hemisphere; Western Hemisphere food to Europe and Africa; African and European diseases to the Western Hemisphere

Which of the following accurately describes the effect of the spread of Christianity among most Amerindian societies after 1500 C.E.?

Amerindians maintained local customs by combining indigenous beliefs with elements of Christianity.

The trend shown on the graph above is best explained by

growth of silver mining in New Spain

In the period after circa 1450, trade along the routes shown on the map declined in large part because of the

increase of maritime trade along the African coast

Which of the following best illustrates the argument described in the passage above?

Amerindians were killed in large numbers by diseases such as smallpox and measles.

Which of the following best describes Alfred Crosby's argument in the passage above?

Amerindians' long isolation from the rest of the world had placed them at a biological disadvantage.

Which of the following was an important continuity in the global economy from 1500 C.E. to 1700 C.E.?

Asian societies produced most of the world's manufactured goods.

Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) primarily because they

needed to resolve their territorial disputes after the discovery of ocean routes to the Americas and the Indian Ocean

The agriculture and labor systems that the Portuguese developed on the Atlantic island of Madeira in the 1450s were implemented in which of the following places a century later?

Brazil for sugar production

Which of the following best explains why the painting was seen as a challenge to social conventions when it was painted?

Caribbean society was built on racial hierarchies that generally reserved elite status for people of European ancestry.

Which of the following consequences of the Columbian Exchange most affected Amerindians in the sixteenth century?

Diseases caused pandemics.

Muslim maritime activities in the Indian Ocean would be most disrupted by which of the following sixteenth-century developments?

The arrival of Portuguese and other Europeans

Which of the following best characterizes world trade in the period 1450 to 1750 ?

The demand for Asian commodities was financed by New World silver.

The production of the plaque in Goa is best understood in the immediate context of which of the following?

The development of trading-post empires

The object in Image 2 best illustrates which of the following cultural processes in the period circa 1450-1750?

The development of religious syncretism as cultural traditions spread

Sun Yuting's analysis of the factors that contributed to the relative economic strength of China and Great Britain best illustrates which of the following continuities from the period 1450-1750 ?

The global circulation of goods was fueled by European merchants' access to Asian markets.

In the period 1500 to 1750, the population of the Portuguese colony of Brazil grew rapidly and became predominantly African. Which of the following best explains these demographic changes?

The increase in global demand for cash crops such as sugar

The passage could best be used to explain which of the following developments in the Americas in the period 1500-1750 ?

Enslaved peoples and their descendants used violent means to escape oppression and maintain their freedom.

The expansion of trade routes along the coast of Africa as shown on Map 2 was most directly facilitated by which of the following?

Improved ship designs and navigational technologies

Which of the following was a major long-term effect of Vasco da Gama's voyage to India in the late 1490s?

It led to the integration of European merchants into the Indian Ocean economy.

Which of the following represents a significant change in Africa between 1450 C.E. and 1750 C.E.?

Most enslaved Africans were transported across the Atlantic instead of the Sahara.

Commander Cotton's reaction to the events in Jamaica, in the notice above, might best be understood in the context of which of the following?

Mounting resistance to slavery in the Americas, reflected in challenges to imperial authority

Based on the passage and your knowledge of world history, which of the following can be inferred about the economic hierarchy in San Juan Peribán?

Mulatto and mestizo communities had some economic resources, but creoles were still economically dominant.

The map above illustrates which of the following?

Predominant areas of origin and destinations of African slaves in the fifteenth through nineteenth centuries

Which of the following historical developments most strongly contributed to the mapmaker's depiction of West Africa and the southern half of the world in Map 2 ?

Portugal's development of maritime technology and navigational skills

During the period 1450 to 1750, which of the following commodities was most responsible for transforming the global economy?

Silver

Which of the following pairings was most responsible for these changes?

Slave labor and sugar

Which of the following most directly facilitated the conquest alluded to in the passage?

Spanish advantages over native American populations in terms of technology and disease immunity

Which of the following factors would contribute most to future revisions of Map 2 ?

Spanish sponsorship of trans-Atlantic and trans-Pacific maritime exploration

Between 1450 and 1750, which of the following were produced on large plantations by slave labor for the world market?

Sugar and tobacco

The transfer of which of the following as part of the Columbian Exchange had the greatest effect on human migration patterns before 1800?

Sugarcane

The existence of a sugar mill in the Mexican town in the passage indicates that the region of Mexico in which the lawsuit took place was part of which of the following?

The Atlantic trade system

Which of the following was the most important factor in enabling the Spanish to defeat the Aztec Empire?

The Spanish were able to form military alliances with other indigenous peoples who were enemies of the Aztecs.

Some world historians have argued that the growth of European influence in the period 1450—1750 was due in large part to non-European inventions. The history of which of the following technological developments best supports this contention?

The compass

The ethnic makeup of Zacatecas, as described in the passage, can best be used as evidence of which of the following?

The dependence of colonial economies on coerced labor

Which of the following was the most immediate effect of the Portuguese establishment of a school for navigation in the 1400s?

The development of overseas trade between West Africa and Europe

The object shown in the image is best understood in the context of which of the following developments between 1450 and 1750 ?

The influence of European merchants and missionaries along Asian maritime trade routes

Navarro's economic observations expressed in the passage above are best understood in the context of which of the following?

The influx of silver from the Americas into the Spanish economy

Which of the following best explains a similar motivation behind the establishment of Portuguese trading posts in Africa and the establishment of Portuguese trading posts in Asia?

The trading posts in both regions were intended to allow the Portuguese to control access to heavily trafficked maritime routes.

Which of the following would best support the assertion that hierarchies based on racial classification emerged after 1500 C.E. to maintain the authority of new elite groups in the Americas?

The use of terms such as mestizo, mulatto and creole

A historian would most likely use Map 1 to research which of the following developments in the period 1450-1750 ?

The ways that European cartography drew on earlier knowledge from the Islamic world and merchant activity in the Mediterranean

Which of the following best explains an effect of Spanish voyages across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in Europe in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?

They greatly increased interest in transoceanic travel and trade in other European countries.

Which of the following best explains a similarity between the earliest English and French voyages across the North Atlantic in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?

They were often launched in the hopes of finding alternative sailing routes to Asia.

During the seventeenth century, one of the reasons Africans participated in the Atlantic slave trade was

the demand for weapons among African elites

All of the following resulted from the growth of the Atlantic slave trade in Africa EXCEPT

the exclusion of Africa from the emerging global market