ARCH 350 Campagnol Exam 2

Who is Peter Behrens? How do you describe his style?

- architect, member of Deustche Werkbund - produced letterheads and advertising graphics - avoided ornament in his design and gave the structural materials direct expression

Tugendhat House

- Brno, Czech Republic - 1928-1930 - van der Rohe - large villa for Grete and Fritz Tugendhat - limpid control of proportion and transparence

Capitol Complex Chandigarh

- Chandigarh, India - 1951-1963 - Corbusier - Enriched with ancient references and solar symbolism

Schocken Department Store

- Chemintz, Germany - 1928 - Eric Mendelsohn

Glass Pavillion

- Cologne, Germany - 1914 - Bruno Taut - "Expressionist wing of the Werkbund"

Vladimir Tatlin

- Constructivist artist and architect - Construction Analysis, Selection of Materials, Counter-Relief, Monument to the Third International

Contemporary City

- Corbusier - 1922 - plan was based on regular geometry - 24 skyscrapers 600 feet high - traffic was to be separated from pedestrians using elevation, abolished the traditional street

Montevideo

- Corbusier - 1929 - collection of sketches for a cross plan city - streets elevated and buildings below

São Paulo

- Corbusier - 1929 - collection of sketches, utopian city with the roads elevated and buildings below

Rio de Janeiro

- Corbusier - 1929 and 1936 - collection of sketches - long serpentine viaducts in reinforced concrete

Ville Radieuse (Radiant City)

- Corbusier - 1930s - highly centralised and densely populated city

La Tourette Monastery

- Eveux L'Arbresie, France - 1953-1957 - Corbusier

Broadacre City

- FLW - Utopian scheme lay out to confirm with the American grid and divided up into sites of a minimum size on which Usonian House were sited

Organic Architecture

- Frank Lloyd Wright - in harmony with its natural surroundings

Hermann Muthesius

- German architect appointed head of the Board of Trade - helped found the Deustche Werkbund - "The Englische Haus"

Jacobs First Residence

- Madison, WI - 1936 - FLW - usonian house

Unite d'Habitation

- Marseilles, Paris - 1947-1953 - Corbusier

Edgar J Kaufmann House "Falling Water"

- Mill Run, PA - 1935 - FLW

Rusakov Workers' Club

- Moscow, Russia - 1927 - Konstantin Meinikov

Plan Voisin

- Paris, 1925 - Corbusier - business district skyscrapers in the center

Millard House

- Pasadena, CA - 1923 - FLW

Villa Savoye

- Poissy - 1928-1931 - Corbusier

Einstein Tower

- Potsdam, Germany - 1920-1924 - Erich Mendelsohn - building to support experiments for Einstein's Theory of Relativity

Johnson Wax Administration Center

- Racine, WI - 1936-1939 - FLW - circular geometry and motifs

Chapel of Notre Dame du Haut

- Ronchamp, France - 1950-1954 - Corbusier

Café de Unie

- Rotterdam, Holland - 1924-1925 - J J P Oud

Weissenhof Siedlung

- Stuttgart, Germany - 1925-1927 - various architects - 21 houses and apartment buildings, exhibition to demonstrate the latest thinking about housing design

Schroder House

- Utrecht, Holland - 1923-1924 - Gerrit Rietveld - De Stijl style - operable panels, flexibility of space

L'Espirit Nouveau

- a small journal created by the poet Paul Dermée and Le Corbusier in 1920

Describe Corbusier's change in style from the 1930s to the 1960s.

- abandoned Purism - more abstract and heavy - more colors

Gerrit Rietveld

- architect, De Stijl

Theater in the Grosses Schauspielhaus

- Berlin - 1919 - Hans Poelzig - 5,000 seat theater infinite variety of pendants

AEG Turbine Factory

- Berlin, 1909 - Peter Behrens - polygonal profile, "barn-like aspect," exposed steel supports

Zeitgeist

"spirit of the time"

Deustcher Werkbund

- "German products association" - a German work guild that was set up to forge close links between German industry and artists to upgrade the national product design

Model for a Monument to the Third International

- 1919-1920 - intended to be 400 m tall - painted red (symbolizing revolution) - strongly influenced young Russian designers

Maison Citrohan

- 1920-1922 - Corbusier - part of Corbusier's "machine for living" concept

Model for a Glass Skyscraper

- 1922 - van der Rohe - unbuilt project for Friedrichstrasse train station in Berlin - "the important thing is the play of reflections and not the effect of light and shadow, as in ordinary buildings,"

Cloud-hanger Project

- 1925 - El Lissitzky - basic form-language - machine fetishism

Lenin Tribune

- 1925 - El Lissitzky - basic form-language - machine fetishism

Bauhaus

- A school of architecture in Germany in the 1920s - Walter Gropius - emphasized the unity of art, architecture, and design - "Art and Technology -- a New Unit."

Cubism

- A style of art in which the subject matter is portrayed by geometric forms, especially cubes

Fagus Shoe-last Factory

- Alfed, 1911-1912 - Gropius and Meyer - transparency and weightlessness

Purism

- An early-20th-century art movement that embraced the "machine aesthetic" and sought purity of form in the clean functional lines of industrial machinery

German Pavilion (Barcelona Pavilion)

- Barcelona, Spain - 1928-1929 - van der Rohe - built as a ceremonial reception space for German industrial exhibits - part of the International Exposition of 1929

'Towards a New Architecture'

- collection of Le Corbusier's essays on architecture that first appeared in the pages of L'Espirit - became foundation source for the modernist movement - sought to convince other that architecture must reflect its time

Expressionism

- distortion for emotional effort - opposite of Rationalism

De Stijl

- founded in Holland - style of abstract and rectangular emphasis - idea of the universality by a reduction to the essential of forms and colors - lines, planes, and cubes

Usonian houses

- houses built by FLW during the depression - characterized by inexpensive construction and flat roofs

Unités

- individual apartments and communal functions combined in Corbusier's Radiant City Plan

brises-soleil

- innovative architectural sun blind system

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

- leading architect of the International Style of skyscraper design - worked in the office of Peter Behrens - Barcelona Pavilion, Seagram Building - "less is more" - "God is in the details"

Project for a Brick Villa

- new conception of architectural space - though not entirely of his own invention, he was able to give it a clarity to become Miesian - shift to the horizontal layering of space and to the expression of hovering planes

Constructivism

- new social order, post-revolutionary atmosphere - abstract art and universal aesthetic language - wood, celluloid, nylon, plexi-glass, tin, cardboard, aluminum, electronics, and chrome - favored basic shapes - aimed to represent the "dominance of the machine"

What does Mies van der Rohe mean by "Less is More" and "God is in the details"?

- ornamentation should be nonexistent - details should be perfect

Piet Mondrian

- painter, De Stijl - The Sea, Pier and Ocean, Composition with Lines, Lozenge with Gray Lines, Composition

Dom-ino System

- purified diagram of structure - designed as a housing kit to help the rapid reconstruction of war-ravaged areas - framework could be assembled in less than 3 weeks

Mass Production Houses

- separated structure from enclosure - proposed a mass-produced housing scheme that reduced components - pure structural idea

Modernism/International Style

- simple form + expressed structure - machine aesthetic - open plan - rejection of historic styles - lack of ornament

Futurism

- speed - artificial light - steel - early 20th-century artistic movement centered in Italy that emphasized the dynamism, speed, energy, and power of the machine and the vitality, change, and restlessness of modern life.

Golden Section

- the golden ratio

House as a 'machine for living'

- the house should be in its 'pure form' not covered or buried by ornamentation

Le Corbusier

- twentieth-century French architect and city planner known for designing buildings with unusual curves and unconventional shapes.

Antonio Sant'Elia

- wrote 'Manifesto of Futurist Architecture' - "This architecture...must be new, just as our state of mind is new." -"The decorative must be abolished." -"raw or bare or violently colored materials"

Five Points of Architecture

1. The supports elevating the mass off the ground 2. The free plan - the interior wall independent of the support system can be arranged in a free plan 3. The free façade, the corollary of the free plan in the vertical plane 4. The long horizontal sliding window 5. The flat roof or roof garden, restoring, supposedly, the area of ground covered by the house